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IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference

作者： Ni, Tao Schmidt, Greg S. Staadt, Oliver G. Livingston, Mark A. Ball, Robert May, Richard Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Naval Res Lab 3D Virtual & Mixed Environ Lab Washington DC 20375 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Compu Sci Davis CA USA Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab Richland WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424402239

Continued advances in display hardware, computing power, networking, and rendering algorithms have all converged to dramatically improve large high-resolution display capabilities. We present a survey on prior research with large high-resolution displays. In the hardware configurations section we examine systems including multi-monitor workstations, reconfigurable projector arrays, and others. rendering and the data pipeline are addressed with an overview of current technologies. We discuss many applications for large high-resolution displays such as automotive design, scientific visualization, control centers, and others. Quantifying the effects of large high-resolution displays on human performance and other aspects is important as we look toward future advances in display technology and how it is applied in different situations. Interacting with these displays brings a different set of challenges for HCI professionals, so an overview of some of this work is provided. Finally, we present our view of the top ten greatest challenges in large high-resolution displays.

关键词： large high-resolution displays visualization virtual environments multi-monitor projector array distributed rendering collaboration user interfaces interaction techniques evaluation

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Portable haptic display for large immersive virtual environments

Portable haptic display for large immersive virtual environm...

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14th Symposium on Haptics Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems

作者： Dorjgotov, Enkhtuvshin Choi, Seungmoon Dunlop, Steven R. Bertoline, Gary R. Purdue Univ Envis Ctr Data Perceptualizat W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Dept Comp Engn & Sci Virtual Reality & Percept Media Lab Pohang South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)1424402263

This paper introduces Portable Haptic Display (PHD), a novel platform-independent haptic rendering system that can be conveniently integrated into a large immersive virtual environment while maximizing the individual reusability of haptic interfaces and visual displays. The PHD has an architecture of distributed rendering where two computers (or clusters of computers) are in charge of all computations needed for rendering with corresponding displays and share necessary information via network. We report the architecture, implementation details, and performance evaluation results of the PHD in this paper. The PHD is especially useful in places that have multiple haptic interfaces and large immersive visual displays and that need to use them together as well as individually, such as research laboratories, companies, and hospitals.

关键词： haptics large immersive virtual environment portable haptic display distributed rendering

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A shader-based parallel rendering framework

A shader-based parallel rendering framework

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IEEE Visualization 2005 Conference

作者： Allard, J Raffin, B UJF INRIA INPG CNRS ID IMAG Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)0780394623

Existing parallel or remote rendering solutions rely on communicating pixels, OpenGL commands, scene-graph changes or application-specific data. We propose an intermediate solution based on a set of independent graphics primitives that use hardware shaders to specify their visual appearance. Compared to an OpenGL based approach, it reduces the complexity of the model by eliminating most fixed function parameters while giving access to the latest functionalities of graphics cards. It also suppresses the OpenGL state machine that creates data dependencies making primitive re-scheduling difficult. Using a retained-mode communication protocol transmitting changes between each frame, combined with the possibility to use shaders to implement interactive data processing operations instead of sending final colors and geometry, we are able to optimize the network load. High level information such as bounding volumes is used to setup advanced schemes where primitives are issued in parallel, routed according to their visibility, merged and re-ordered when received for rendering. Different optimization algorithms can be efficiently implemented, saving network bandwidth or reducing texture switches for instance. We present performance results based on two VTK applications, a parallel iso-surface extraction and a parallel volume renderer. We compare our approach with Chromium. Results show that our approach leads to significantly better performance and scalability, while offering easy access to hardware accelerated rendering algorithms.

关键词： distributed rendering shaders volume rendering

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Highly immersive and interactive molecular visualization system for education

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Xitong Fangzhen Xuebao / Journal of System Simulation 2005年第3期17卷 646-649页

作者： Luo, Yan-Lin Sun, Bo Dept. of Comp. Sci. Beijing Normal Univ. Beijing 100875 China

We have discussed our initial work on the use of visualization and virtual reality for bio-informatics education especially for providing three-dimensional concepts of bio-molecular structure. Our system is composed of multi-projection screens and offers a channel to reach-into the molecular space in an immersive and interactive environment. Six to ten people can stand in the immersive multi-projection system and view the stereoscopic images, while one of them using an intuitive 6DOF haptic device Spidar-G system controls the perspective. For educators, our system become instruction aided tools for helping student facilitates understanding bio-molecular structure through effective visual representation and interactive manipulation.

关键词： 6DOF haptic interface device distributed rendering Molecular visualization Multi-projection system Virtual reality

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A prototype of distributed molecular visualization on computational grids

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2004年第5期20卷 727-737页

作者： Zhu, HB Chun, TKY Wang, LZ Cai, WT See, S Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Sun Microsyst Inc Singapore 059567 Singapore

This paper presents a distributed rendering system for visualization of massive molecular data sets on computational grids. It is designed with the ability to animate molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories imported from a simulation engine in a distributed environment. MD simulation and visualization are computationally intensive tasks and computational grids are promising technologies for these applications. The framework of the system is introduced and the grid technologies and the parallel rendering approach are discussed in this paper. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： molecular visualization parallel rendering load balance distributed rendering computational grids

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MSPR: A retained-mode based multi-screen parallel rendering system

MSPR: A retained-mode based multi-screen parallel rendering ...

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4th International Conference on Virtual Reality and Its Applications in Industry

作者： Li, C Jin, ZF Jiang, XH Shi, JY Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab CAD&CG Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819453676

Recent interest in large displays has led to the development of a variety of multi-screen display systems, most of which are comprised of multiple projectors situated for front or rear projection onto a screen to form a large logical display, and each projector is driven by one PC, augmented with high-performance graphics accelerator card. However, most of these systems are immediate-mode based, that is, all geometry data and control information must be sent on the run, and thus the interconnecting network bandwidth between clients and servers has become a fatal bottleneck. In this paper, we describe MSPR, a retained-mode based multi-screen parallel rendering system which offers the programmers with a OpenGL-like API. And the system could be run locally on one PC or parallelly rendered among any number of Computers. The details of data distribution, load balance, interconnecting network architecture, tile mosaic, etc. are hidden from the programmers.

关键词： retained mode multi-screen cluster rendering parallel rendering tiled displays virtual reality distributed rendering

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Soothing the Many-Headed Beast: Improving the rendering Process in the World of 3D Animation 04

Soothing the Many-Headed Beast: Improving the Rendering Proc...

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Annual ACM SIGUCCS fall conference on user services

作者： Karissa Miller David Przybyla Mahmoud Pegah Ringling School of Art and Design

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138696

Today, one of the ubiquitous issues under discussion in 3D animation circles is the rendering process and the performance of rendering infrastructures. In the world of 3D animation, the rendering process translates the information in an animated scene to a sequence of images. rendering is a complex, time consuming, and compute intensive task. Creating the most efficient rendering infrastructure and minimizing render times is important because small improvements for a single render node in a rendering infrastructure translate into major improvements in the overall performance of the infrastructure. As we work to improve and expand our current rendering infrastructure, we have closely studied the performance of different render node hardware and software. We discuss how we evaluated and found ways to improve the rendering process. In light of our experience at Ringling School, we will describe how we built a rendering infrastructure, including what features we found available and which ones mattered to us. Then we will give an empirical performance analysis of different hardware and software combinations for the render nodes. Lastly, we will wrap up with the lessons learned throughout the evaluation process and share the results we are experiencing.

关键词： animation distributed rendering render rendering infrastructure rendering performance

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Scalable visualization using a network-attached video framebuffer

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COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2003年第5期27卷 669-680页

作者： Kirchner, PD Klosowski, JT Hochschild, P Swetz, R IBM Corp Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA

We present a scalable, cornmodity-based, parallel rendering system for interactive visualization of large polygonal and volumetric data models. Our system utilizes commodity PCs that have multiple CPUs and high-capacity I/O buses, a fast AGP bus, and a commodity interconnect. rendering occurs in parallel using the Chromium framework with the resulting images displayed over the network on a remote display. A key component of our system is the Scalable Graphics Engine, a network-attached video framebuffer capable of gathering pixels from up to 16 sources and driving multiple displays. Our experimental results show that recent developments in commodity computers favor parallel architectures designed to use framebuffer readback and pixel transfer over commodity networks versus specialized hardware for acquiring and aggregating pixel data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： commodity graphics clusters distributed rendering chromium

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distributed interactive ray tracing of dynamic scenes 03

Distributed interactive ray tracing of dynamic scenes

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IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Large-Data Visualization and Graphics

作者： Wald, I Benthin, C Slusallek, P Univ Saarland Comp Graph Grp Saarbrucken Germany

ISBN: (纸本)078038122X

Recently developed interactive ray tracing systems combine the high performance of todays CPUs with new algorithms and implementations to achieve a flexible and high-performance rendering system offering high-quality, but nonetheless interactive 3D graphics. However, due to its history in off-line rendering, interactive ray tracing is usually limited to static scenes and simple walkthroughs. In order to become truly interactive ray tracing must efficiently support dynamic scenes. In this paper, we present a simple and practical method that allows to interactively ray trace dynamic scenes in a distributed PC cluster environment. Our method separates the scene into independent objects with common properties concerning dynamic updates - similar to OpenGL display lists and scene graph libraries. Three classes of objects are distinguished: Static objects are treated as before, objects undergoing affine transformations are handled by transforming rays, and objects with unstructured motion are rebuilt whenever necessary. We present performance and scalablity results of our system using a variety of test scenes stressing a wide range of dynamic behaviour.

关键词： interactive ray tracing distributed rendering dynamic scenes scalability and performance

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Hardware assisted multichannel volume rendering

Hardware assisted multichannel volume rendering

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Computer Graphics International Conference (CGI 2003)

作者： Ghosh, A Prabhu, P Kaufman, AE Mueller, K SUNY Stony Brook CVC Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769519466

We explore real time volume rendering of multichannel data for volumes with color and multi-modal information. We demonstrate volume rendering of the Visible Human Male color dataset and photo-realistic rendering of voxelized terrains, and achieve high quality visualizations. We render multi-modal volumes utilizing hardware programmability for accumulation level mixing, and use CT and MRI information as examples. We also use multi-board parallel/distributed rendering schemes for large datasets and investigate scalability issues. We employ the VolumePro 1000 for real time multichannel volume rendering. Our approach, however, is not hardware-specific and can use commodity texture hardware instead.

关键词： multichannel post classification transfer functions multi-modal volume mixing Visible Human terrain rendering parallel rendering distributed rendering image compositing VolumePro 1000 graphics hardware

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