Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies have grown rapidly over the past decade, but issues with scalability are limiting their wider adoption. Payment Channel Network, a layer two solution, is an alternative for enhancing ...
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Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies have grown rapidly over the past decade, but issues with scalability are limiting their wider adoption. Payment Channel Network, a layer two solution, is an alternative for enhancing the scalability of a blockchain network. Two users can engage in some off-chain transactions via payment channels in the network they build in order to avoid the time and expense of on-chain settlement. The number of nodes in the Bitcoin payment channel network has nearly doubled over the last two years, and this network size is proliferating. The number of transactions on the network will increase along with its growth. However, the existing distributed routing algorithms cannot effectively schedule several concurrent transactions due to their static nature. We propose the maxREE algorithm, which efficiently handles concurrent transactions with negligible overhead. Our algorithm considers substituting the necessary edges with superior alternatives to prevent the saturation of a channel's directional capacity while maintaining the height of the underlying routing tree. The transaction flow was enhanced by our proposed algorithm's self-rebalancing and link load sharing. Without compromising network privacy, the unused links are dynamically substituted for the congested ones. We have also developed a simulator, called DRLNsim, to compare our algorithm with existing techniques. On the simulator, the routing approaches are examined using multiple custom network sizes. The proposed method enabled concurrent transactions 58% more effectively on average than existing techniques. The simulation's outcomes mirror the patterns found through theoretical study.
An important idea in quantum networks is that of employing virtual edges or "short-cuts" between quantum nodes. These edges, which are shared entangled pairs between two nodes that are not directly connected...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665448932
An important idea in quantum networks is that of employing virtual edges or "short-cuts" between quantum nodes. These edges, which are shared entangled pairs between two nodes that are not directly connected "physically", are expected to reduce the average latency of entanglement distribution in quantum network routing. In this work, we show how to create such edges on an existing discrete event simulator for quantum networks called SeQUeNCe, and study the impact that these edges have on latency. Additionally, we implement a distributedrouting algorithm on the simulator and demonstrate its use in conjunction with the virtual edges. We observe a reduction in latency when short-cuts are used, as is expected. Thus, with these modifications, we believe that SeQUeNCe (and other similar simulators) can be used for experimenting with advanced quantum networking protocols.
The topology of a mobile wireless network changes over time. Maintaining routes between all nodes requires the continuous transmission of control information, which consumes precious power and bandwidth resources. Man...
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The topology of a mobile wireless network changes over time. Maintaining routes between all nodes requires the continuous transmission of control information, which consumes precious power and bandwidth resources. Many routing protocols have been developed, trading off control overhead and route quality. In this paper, we ask whether there exist low-overhead schemes that produce low-stretch routes, even in large networks where all the nodes are mobile. We present a scheme that maintains a hierarchical structure within which constant-stretch routes can be efficiently computed between every pair of nodes. The scheme rebuilds each level of the hierarchy periodically, at a rate that decreases exponentially with the level of the hierarchy. We prove that this scheme achieves constant stretch under a mild smoothness condition on the nodal mobility processes. Furthermore, we prove tight bounds for the network-wide control overhead under the additional assumption of the connectivity graph forming a doubling metric space. Specifically, we show that for a connectivity model combining the random geometric graph with obstacles, constant-stretch routes can be maintained with a total overhead of nlog2n bits of control information per time unit. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
En-route data compression is fundamental to reduce the power consumed for data gathering in sensor networks. Typical in network compression schemes involve the distributed computation of some decorrelating transform o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642029028
En-route data compression is fundamental to reduce the power consumed for data gathering in sensor networks. Typical in network compression schemes involve the distributed computation of some decorrelating transform on the data,;the structure along which the transform is computed influences both coding performance and transmission cost of the computed coefficients, and has been widely explored in the literature. However, few works have studied this interaction in the practical case when the routing configuration of the network is also built in a distributed manner. In this paper we aim at expanding this understanding by specifically considering the impact of distributedrouting tree initialization algorithms on coding and transmission costs, when a tree-based wavelet lifting transform is adopted. We propose a simple modification to the collection tree protocol (CTP) which can be tuned to account for a vast range of spatial correlations. In terms of costs and coding efficiency, our methods do not improve the performance of more sophisticated routing trees such as, the shortest path tree, but they entail an easier manageability in case of node reconfigurations and update.
In dynamic networks the topology evolves and routes are maintained by frequent updates, consuming throughput available for data transmission. We ask whether there exist low-overhead schemes for these networks, that pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605580050
In dynamic networks the topology evolves and routes are maintained by frequent updates, consuming throughput available for data transmission. We ask whether there exist low-overhead schemes for these networks, that produce routes that are within a small constant factor (stretch) of the optimal route-length. This is studied by using the underlying geometric properties of the connectivity graph ill wireless networks. For a class of models for wireless network that ful-fill some mild conditions on the connectivity and oil mobility over the time of interest, we call design distributedrouting algorithm that maintain the routes over a changing topology. This scheme needs only node identities and integrates location service along with routing, therefore accounting for the complete overhead. We analyze the worst-case (conservative) overhead and route-quality (stretch) performance of this algorithm for the aforementioned class of models. Our algorithm allows constant stretch routing with a network wide control traffic overhead of O(n log(2) n) bits per mobility time step (time-scale of topology change) translating to O(log(2) n) overhead per node (with high probability for wireless networks with such mobility model). We call reduce the maximum overhead per node by using a load-balancing technique it, the cost of a slightly higher average overhead. Numerics show that these bounds are quite conservative.
In this paper, a general combinatorial Ant System-based distributed algorithm modeled like a dynamic optimization problem is presented. In the proposed algorithm, the solution space of the dynamic combinatorial optimi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789806560833
In this paper, a general combinatorial Ant System-based distributed algorithm modeled like a dynamic optimization problem is presented. In the proposed algorithm, the solution space of the dynamic combinatorial optimization problem is mapped into the space where the ants will walk, and the transition probability and the pheromone update formula of the ant system are defined according to the objective function of the communication problem. We test and compare the performance of our routing algorithm against well-known routing schemes for wireless sensor networks and via simulations show that it consumes less energy per packet and extends the lifetime of the network.
We present a routing algorithm for use within a network level protocol such as ISO's routing protocols. The viability of learning automata routing in message switched and packet switched networks and the theoretic...
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We present a routing algorithm for use within a network level protocol such as ISO's routing protocols. The viability of learning automata routing in message switched and packet switched networks and the theoretical basis for analyzing such communications systems are the subject of this paper. The behavior of the automata at the nodes is studied using well-defined and mathematically tractable abstract representations of the network. Both the equilibrium and transient performance of automata operating in these environments are considered. The behavior predicted by analysis of the abstract environments is verified by simulation of automata operating in simple data communication networks. Simulation studies of our algorithm and optimum adaptive algorithms have been considered.
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