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MMC-MTDC secondary Compensation Droop control Strategy for Large-Scale New Energy Grid Connection

JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期18卷 481-494页

作者： Chen, Tongchuan Zhao, Yingying Wang, Qianqian Wang, Wenting An, Aimin Lanzhou Univ Technol Coll Elect & Informat Engn Lanzhou 730050 Peoples R China Key Lab Gansu Adv Control Ind Proc Lanzhou 730050 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Technol Natl Demonstrat Ctr Expt Elect & Control Engn Edu Lanzhou 730050 Peoples R China

The transmission system controlled by traditional droop control has some defects, such as DC voltage deviation, slow dynamic response, fixed droop coefficient and poor fault ride through capacity at the AC side, which limit its application in multi terminal DC transmission system. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes the distributed secondary Compensation control (DSCC) considering DC voltage regulation and current correction, which compensates the DC line voltage deviation caused by the traditional droop control to restore the DC voltage to the rated value;at the same time, through the real-time adjustment of sag coefficient, the high-precision distribution of output power is achieved;the dynamic response of the system is accelerated;the overshoot of the system is reduced and make the system have fault ride through capability in case of short circuit fault at AC side. A four terminal model including photovoltaic power station and wind farm is built in Matlab/Simulink, and the designed control strategy is simulated and verified under different operation modes. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the DSCC.

关键词： Multi-terminal HVDC Droop control distributed secondary control Voltage compensation Power distribution

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distributed Cooperative Event-Triggered control of Cyber-Physical AC Microgrids Subject to Denial-of-Service Attacks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2023年第6期14卷 4467-4478页

作者： Jamali, Mahmood Baghaee, Hamid Reza Sadabadi, Mahdieh S. Gharehpetian, Gevork B. Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad Univ Sheffield Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn Sheffield S1 3JD England Tarbiat Modares Univ Fac Elect & Comp Engn Tehran 14115111 Iran Queen Mary Univ London Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci London E1 4NS England Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Tehran 15914 Iran Aalborg Univ DOE DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

This paper addresses the event-triggered distributed cooperative secure secondary control for islanded cyber-physical inverter-based ac microgrids (MGs) under the energy-limited denial of service (DoS) attacks. The DoS attack refers to the prevention of information exchange among distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the secondary control level. In this paper, an event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is employed to improve communication efficiency and reduce control command updates. Based on the last successful local and neighboring transmission attempt, an estimator is proposed which is only activated over attack periods. In addition, this study investigates the contribution of both DERs and distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESS) in ac MGs. Finally, the performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated by an offline digital time-domain simulation on a test MG system through different scenarios in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Also, the effectiveness and accuracy of the controller are verified by comparison with several previous studies.

关键词： State of charge Symmetric matrices Voltage measurement Smart grids Reactive power Information exchange Energy storage distributed secondary control DoS attacks event-triggered mechanism SoC balancing voltage regulation and frequency synchronization

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distributed Multi-Functional Finite-Time secondary control in Cyber-Physical Microgrid

Distributed Multi-Functional Finite-Time Secondary Control i...

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IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting (PESGM)

作者： Yao, Weitao Wang, Yu Xu, Yan Nguyen, Tung Lam Feng, Xue Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore Univ Grenoble Alpes G2Elab Grenoble France Singapore Inst Technol Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119816

In this paper, a novel distributed multi-functional finite-time secondary control strategy is proposed for islanded AC microgrids. The control objective features two key modules: 1) A consensus-based distributed controller aims to achieve frequency restoration and accurate sharing of active power in finite time. 2) A containment-based distributed controller achieves a better trade-off between voltage regulation and reactive power sharing. In addition, for this control method, the centralized controller is not required and only communications among adjacent controllers is able to meet the control requirements. Furthermore, Lyapunov proofs are given to explain the upper boundary of the convergence time. Finally, a cyber- physical microgrid platform is used to verify the proposed controller's effectiveness considering cases of load variations and voltage boundary changes.

关键词： distributed secondary control cyber-physical microgrid finite-time control voltage boundary

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Privacy-Informed Consensus-Based secondary control in Cyber-Physical DC Microgrids

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IEEE control SYSTEMS LETTERS 2023年 7卷 2089-2094页

作者： Sadabadi, Mahdieh S. Queen Mary Univ London Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci London E1 4NS England Univ Manchester Dept Elect & Elect Engn Manchester M13 9PL England

This letter proposes a privacy-informed consensus-based distributed secondary control strategy for cyber-physical dc microgrids. The proposed secondary control approach relies on output masks that transform the physical states of distributed generation (DG) units to some auxiliary states by adding local perturbation signals, whose functional form and parameters are local and chosen independently by each DG unit. The proposed privacy-preserving secondary control scheme ensures voltage balancing and proportional current sharing in dc microgrids without disclosing the physical states of distributed generation units to their neighbors. Simulation case studies confirm the theoretical results of this letter.

关键词： DC microgrids consensus algorithms distributed secondary control privacy-preserving control

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distributed Event-Triggered control for Single-Bus DC Microgrids 39

Distributed Event-Triggered Control for Single-Bus DC Microg...

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39th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese-Association-of-Automation (YAC)

作者： Zhu, Lizhuo Wang, Baoyan Cai, Xin Zhao, Yangyu Long, Mei Xinjiang Univ Sch Elect Engn Urumqi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390780;9798350379228

In this paper, we have considered a DC microgrid with a sparse digital communication network, then by proposing a distributed event-triggered control strategy to realize voltage regulation and proportional current sharing in a DC microgrid. According to the designed control strategy, each distributed generator sends interaction information to its neighboring generators only when the triggering condition is satisfied. The regulation of voltage and proportional sharing of current can be achieved with the designed control strategy, which is analyzed via the Lyapunov stability method. The proposed control strategy is validated by a DC microgrid in the simulation.

关键词： DC microgrids distributed secondary control event-triggered mechanism

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distributed Asynchronous Periodic Event-Triggered Voltage control of Microgrids With Different Checking Periods 36

Distributed Asynchronous Periodic Event-Triggered Voltage Co...

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36th Chinese control and Decision Conference (CCDC)

作者： Tang, Liang Huang, Wenchao Chen, Shaobin Huang, Yanwei Fuzhou Univ Coll Elect Engn & Automat Fuzhou 350108 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387780;9798350387797

The secondary control plays an important role in ensuring the power quality of AC island microgrid. Since the traditional time-driven secondary control strategy will cause communication redundancy, the event-triggered mechanism has been widely studied. Under the event-triggered mechanism, the DG performs necessary communication only when its own triggering condition is met. This paper studies the problem of secondary voltage control under periodic event-triggered mechanism, which can restore the output voltage to the reference value. At the same time, considering that each DG has a different sampling and checking period, this is a more general asynchronous communication problem. In the stability analysis, the conditions of event detection period and event parameters to ensure the realization of secondary control are given. Finally, the effectiveness of the mechanism is verified by several simulations.

关键词： Periodic event-triggered control distributed secondary control islanded microgrids asynchronous communication

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Adaptive Resilient secondary control for Microgrids With Communication Faults

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2022年第8期52卷 8493-8503页

作者： Li, Xiaolei Wen, Changyun Chen, Ci Xu, Qianwen Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Lund Univ Dept Automat Control SE-22100 Lund Sweden KTH Royal Inst Technol Elect Power & Energy Syst Div S-11428 Stockholm Sweden

In this article, we consider the resilience problem in the presence of communication faults encountered in distributed secondary voltage and frequency control of an islanded alternating current microgrid. Such faults include the partial failure of communication links and some classes of data manipulation attacks. This practical and important yet challenging issue has been taken into limited consideration by existing approaches, which commonly assume that the measurement or communication between the distributed generations (DGs) is ideal or satisfies some restrictive assumptions. To achieve communication resilience, a novel adaptive observer is first proposed for each individual DG to estimate the desired reference voltage and frequency under unknown communication faults. Then, to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system, voltage and frequency restoration, and accurate power sharing regardless of unknown communication faults, sufficient conditions are derived. Some simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed secondary control approach.

关键词： Voltage control Frequency control Inverters Cloud computing Resilience Microgrids Frequency estimation Communication faults distributed secondary control islanded microgrids (MGs) resilient control

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Prescribed Performance-Based secondary control for DC Microgrid

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2022年第4期37卷 2610-2619页

作者： Yuan, Qi-Fan Wang, Yan-Wu Liu, Xiao-Kang Liu, Zhi-Wei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence andAutomat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

In this article, based on the prescribed performance control approach, a distributed secondary control scheme is developed for an islanded DC microgrid, to achieve current sharing among the converters and voltage regulation of the DC bus while guaranteeing the prescribed transient performance of the system. With the proposed controller, the evolution of both the bus voltage error and the current sharing error can be constrained within a predefined imposed bound. In this way, the safety of the electrical devices can be ensured and the dynamic performance of the microgrid can be improved. In addition, the controller is quite simple for implementation without sampling and delivering the information of the DC bus voltage. Simulation studies and experiment tests are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed secondary control scheme.

关键词： DC microgird distributed secondary control prescribed performance current sharing voltage regulation

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controller Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed of a distributed Consensus Multi-Agent System control under Deception and Disruption Cyber-Attacks

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ENERGIES 2024年第7期17卷 1669页

作者： Kharchouf, Ibtissam Mohammed, Osama A. Florida Int Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Energy Syst Res Lab Miami FL 33174 USA

The impact of communication disturbances on microgrids (MGs) needs robust and scalable Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure for efficient MG control. This work builds on advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide a practical platform for testing the impact of various cyber-attacks on a distributed control scheme for a Multi-Agent System (MAS). This paper presents a controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) testbed to investigate the impact of various cyber-attacks and communication disruptions on MGs. A distributed consensus secondary control scheme for a MAS within an MG cyber-physical system (CPS) is proposed. The proposed cyber-physical testbed integrates a real-time islanded AC microgrid on RT-Lab, secondary controllers implemented on single-board computers, and an attacker agent on another single-board computer. Communication occurs via a UDP/IP network between OPAL-RT and controller agents, as well as between the agents. Through meticulous experimentation, the efficacy of the proposed control strategy using the developed platform is validated. Various attacks were modeled and launched including deception attacks on sensors, actuators, and their combinations, as well as disruption attacks. The ramifications of both deception and disruption cyber-attacks on system performance are analyzed.

关键词： microgrids consensus algorithm distributed secondary control real-time simulation deception attack denial-of-service attack (DoS) cyber-physical system (CPS) multi-agent system (MAS) OPAL-RT controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL)

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distributed control for DC microgrids with cyber attacks and constraints: A fault-tolerant model predictive controller

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS 2024年 39卷

作者： Xie, Zongkui Li, Lihua Wen, Peng Gao, Liai Yu, Yao Wu, Zhongqiang Hebei Agr Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Baoding 071001 Peoples R China Hebei Prov Key Lab Livestock & Poultry Breeding In Baoding 071001 Peoples R China Yanshan Univ Key Lab Ind Comp Control Engn Hebei Prov Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei Peoples R China

Communication security issues pose severe challenges to stability of microgrid system. This paper designs a cooperative control method based on fault-tolerant distributed model predictive control (DMPC) for DC microgrid against possible false information injection (FDI) attacks and communication constraints problems. First, a state variable is defined based on the voltage and current information, thereby deriving a system model of the microgrid under the cyber-physical framework. Then, since a combined uncertainty term consisting of attacks and disturbances exists in the constructed system model, an expanded state observer (ESO) is proposed to observe the uncertainty term. Further, based on the constructed system model and the designed ESO, a faulttolerant distributed model predictive controller is designed. In the controller, DMPC is utilized to constrain the communication information and ensure the boundedness of the communication state and physical state. Simulation results indicate that the proposed DMPC-based distributed control method can achieve stable voltage regulation and accurate current sharing, and maintain smooth operation even under FDI attack, which verifies the feasibility for the proposed method.

关键词： DC microgrids distributed secondary control Model predictive control Cyber attacks Cyber constraints

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