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distributed Finite-Time secondary Frequency and Voltage control for Islanded Microgrids With Communication Delays and Switching Topologies

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2021年第8期51卷 3988-3999页

作者： Ning, Boda Han, Qing-Long Ding, Lei Swinburne Univ Technol Ctr Smart Infrastruct & Digital Construct Melbourne Vic 3122 Australia Swinburne Univ Technol Sch Software & Elect Engn Melbourne Vic 3122 Australia Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Inst Adv Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

This article is concerned with the distributed secondary frequency and voltage control for islanded microgrids. First, the distributed secondary control problem is formulated by taking both communication delays and switching topologies into account. Second, by using an Artstein model reduction method, a novel delay-compensated distributed control scheme is proposed to restore frequencies of each distributed generator (DG) to a reference level in finite time, while achieving active power sharing in prescribed finite-time regardless of initial deviations generated from primary control. Third, a distributed finite-time controller is developed to regulate voltages of all DGs to a reference level. Fourth, the proposed idea is also applied to deal with the finite-time consensus for first-order multiagent systems. Finally, case studies are carried out, demonstrating the effectiveness, the robustness against load changes, and the plug-and-play capability of the proposed controllers.

关键词： Microgrids Topology Voltage control Switches Delays Frequency control Communication delays distributed secondary control finite-time control islanded microgrids multiagent systems (MASs) switching topologies

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distributed Fixed-Time secondary control for DC Microgrid Via Dynamic Average Consensus

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2021年第4期12卷 2008-2018页

作者： Yuan, Qi-Fan Wang, Yan-Wu Liu, Xiao-Kang Lei, Yan Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & telligent Control Minist Educ Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

In this paper, a dynamic average consensus-based distributed fixed-time secondary control scheme is proposed for an islanded DC microgrid, to achieve both current sharing among the converters and voltage regulation of the DC bus within a fixed settling time. The secondary controller is designed using sign functions and fraction-based feedback signals for accelerating the convergence. To release the requirement on the piror knowledge of the communication topology of DC microgrid, an adaptive law is proposed to update the control gain autonomously. The proposed secondary controllers do not need to deliver the output current data to the neighbors and sample the voltage of the DC bus, making them easier to be implemented in practice. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed secondary controllers, five simulation cases and three experiment tests are carried out. It can be illustrated that the proposed secondary control schemes are resilient to the constant power loads and sources, the failure of communication links, and the scenario of plug-and-play.

关键词： Microgrids Voltage control Convergence DC microgird distributed secondary control current sharing voltage regulation fixed settling time dynamic average consensus

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distributed fault-tolerant secondary control for DC microgrids against false data injection attacks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2023年 144卷

作者： Xie, Zongkui Wu, Zhongqiang Yanshan Univ Key Lab Ind Comp Control Engn Hebei Prov Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China

This paper focuses on the issue of unknown false data injection attacks (FDIA) of controllers in DC microgrid, and proposes a distributed fault-tolerant secondary controller for DC microgrid to ensure that the control objectives of voltage regulation and current sharing can be achieved when the system is subject to FDIA. Firstly, the sec-ondary control problem in DC microgrid with FDIA is transformed into a first-order leader-following multi-agent system fault-tolerant consensus problem, and the impact of FDIA signals on the microgrid system is analyzed. Then, a distributed extended state observer (DESO) is designed based on the derived multi-agent system, which observes the injected FDIA signals using the relative output error of each distributed generators and its neigh-bours. Further, based on the observed FDIA signals, a fault-tolerant secondary controller is designed to eliminate the adverse effects of the attack signals on the system. Particularly, the stability analyses for the designed DESO and secondary controller prove that the control system is global asymptotically stable. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed fault-tolerant secondary control method are verified by simulation analyses of five cases.

关键词： DC microgrids distributed secondary control Fault-tolerant control Cyber-attacks Extended state observer

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distributed fixed-time secondary control for voltage restoration and economic dispatch of DC microgrids

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS 2023年 34卷

作者： Cheng, Zhiping Liu, Jianshe Li, Zhongwen Si, Jikai Xu, Shuai Zhengzhou Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China State Key Lab Intelligent Agr Power Equipment Xian Peoples R China

Microgrids have been widely developed for the convenient integration of various renewable energy sources. The prediction errors of these distributed generations may reduce the economic benefits of microgrids because there is a time-scale gap between average voltage recovery and economic dispatch. Therefore, a distributed fixed-time secondary control strategy is proposed in this paper, which can achieve average voltage restoration and economic dispatch on the same time-scale. Firstly, a voltage observer is designed to obtain average voltage information. Secondly, a fixed-time voltage regulator is designed to achieve average voltage recovery by adjusting the primary control input. In addition, the fixed-time power optimizer achieves economic dispatch by matching all incremental cost data. Furthermore, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the fixed-time convergence performance of the proposed controller is analyzed. Finally, a test system is built to verify the superior performance of the proposed control strategy. (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Average voltage restoration DC microgrids distributed secondary control Economic dispatch Fixed -time convergence

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Nonlinear secondary Voltage control of Islanded Microgrid via distributed Consistency

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2020年第4期35卷 1964-1972页

作者： Liu, Jiayi Li, Jiaqi Song, Huihui Nawaz, Arshad Qu, Yanbin Harbin Inst Technol Weihai Sch New Energy Weihai 264209 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Automat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Since intermittent nature of distributed generation and uncertainty in load behavior, the existing secondary control are not sufficient to deal with robustness and fast response. In this paper, attacked from a cooperative based control perspective inspired to the tracking consistency paradigm, a robust nonlinear distributed secondary voltage controller is proposed to achieve fast compensation for the islanded microgrid. Employing sparse communication, the proposed control strategy can achieve a compromise between the conflicting goals of voltage regulation and reactive power sharing. As the distributed architecture only requires the information of its own and its neighbor, the use of centralized controllers is avoided and the flexibility and scalability of system can be enhanced. Finally, the stability analysis is provided and the simulation results are presented to verify control performance under rapid load changes, robustness under communication failure, and flexibility during plug-and-play operation.

关键词： Voltage control Microgrids Reactive power Frequency control Robustness distributed power generation Uncertainty Microgrid distributed generation distributed secondary control nonlinear control voltage control

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Robust distributed Optimal secondary Voltage control in Islanded Microgrids with Time-Varying Multiple Delays 21

Robust Distributed Optimal Secondary Voltage Control in Isla...

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21st IEEE Workshop on control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)

作者： Gholami, Milad Pisano, Alessandro Usai, Elio Univ Cagliari Elect & Elect Engn Cagliari Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781728171609

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171616

This paper focuses on solving the problem of voltage restoration in droop-controlled inverter-based islanded microgrids (MGs) under communication delays. To this aim, we propose a novel robust distributed secondary controller which is the combination between an integral sliding mode controller and a linear consensus scheme with constant weights. Lyapunov analysis and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) are employed together to demonstrate the associated stability and convergence features. The allowable upper bound for communication delays is also estimated by linear matrix inequalities. Regulating the MG's voltages to the associated reference values additionally taken into account by developing an optimization algorithm to find the optimal constant control gains. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

关键词： microgrid distributed secondary control voltage amplitude restoration sliding mode control (SMC)

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distributed Finite-Time secondary control of Islanded Microgrids by Coupled Sliding-Mode Technique 25

Distributed Finite-Time Secondary Control of Islanded Microg...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Gholami, Milad Pisano, Alessandro Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen Usai, Elio Univ Cagliari Elect & Elect Engn Cagliari Italy Polytech Bari Elect & Informat Engn Bari Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781728189567

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189567

This paper deals with the problem of voltage and frequency restoration in droop-controlled inverter-based islanded microgrids (MGs). The problem is solved using a novel tracking consensus secondary control protocol based on the sliding-mode approach, which not only guarantees the exact finite-time restoration among voltages and frequencies of an inverter-based islanded microgrid, but also preserves the active power sharing among distributed generations (DGs). For each distributed generator with no direct access to reference values, a finite-time distributed estimator is locally designed and implemented in each DG unit to provide the reference value of frequency and voltage in a finite time. Lyapunov analysis is employed to verify the associated stability and fast convergence time of the proposed controller. Finally, simulation results are are presented and analyzed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Finite-time convergence microgrid distributed secondary control sliding mode control (SMC)

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distributed control of DC microgrids: A relaxed upper bound for constant power loads

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AUTOMATICA 2025年 173卷

作者： Xing, Lantao Shu, Zhan Fang, Jingyang Wen, Changyun Zhang, Chenghui Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Jinan Peoples R China Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB Canada Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore Singapore

Motivated by the increasing interest in DC microgrids, we study the distributed secondary control problem of DC microgrids which aims to simultaneously guarantee load current sharing and DC bus voltage restoration. In particular, we analyze in-depth the effects of nonlinear constant power loads (CPLs), and successfully establish an upper bound for CPLs to guarantee the stability of DC microgrids. This established bound is less conservative than existing counterparts, allowing the connected power of CPLs to be much larger than that of linear resistive loads. Moreover, this bound explicitly reveals the connections between CPLs and droop gains, i.e., the upper bound of CPLs can be increased by decreasing droop gains, and vice versa. Three case studies are provided to verify the established results. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： DC microgrids distributed secondary control Constant power load Current sharing Voltage restoration

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distributed robust iterative learning control for AC microgrids with external disturbances

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SCIENCE CHINA-INFORMATION SCIENCES 2025年第10期68卷 1-21页

作者： Su, Hongyu Lai, Jingang Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Minist Educ Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

This study proposes a distributed secondary control scheme based on distributed robust iterative learning control (DRILC) for islanded alternating current (AC) microgrids subjected to external disturbances. By employing the decoupled sliding mode consensus approach, voltage regulation, frequency restoration, and accurate active power sharing can be achieved within a finite time on the proposed novel integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) manifold. Furthermore, the appropriate iterative update law in the ITSM-based controller is utilized to learn and eliminate external disturbances as effectively as possible. In the proposed control scheme, the iterative learning control and sliding mode control are designed to function in a complementary manner, which enhances the performance of the secondary control scheme for multi-objective regulations. The stability criteria and robustness to external disturbances of the closed-loop microgrid system in the iteration and time domains are also rigorously derived with the help of the Lyapunov direct method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed secondary control scheme is validated by case studies of an islanded AC microgrid test system in the MATLAB/SimPowerSystems software environment.

关键词： distributed secondary control islanded microgrid iterative learning control sliding mode control external disturbances

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distributed, Bounded and Finite-Time Convergence secondary Frequency control in an Autonomous Microgrid

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2019年第3期10卷 2776-2788页

作者： Deng, Zicong Xu, Yinliang Sun, Hongbin Shen, Xinwei Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Peoples R China Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst Lab Smart Grid & Renewable Energy Shenzhen Peoples R China Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst Shenzhen Environm Sci & New Energy Technol Engn L Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn State Key Lab Power Syst Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

To accommodate the intermittent renewable generations and constantly changing load demands, a proper control approach with flexible convergence time is desirable for an autonomous microgrid. This paper proposes a distributed, bounded, and finite-time convergence secondary control for frequency restoration and accurate active power sharing in an autonomous microgrid. The control input is designed to be distributed and bounded. The finite-time convergence proof and convergence time upper bound are guaranteed by rigorous analysis. Moreover, an approximation method is proposed to achieve a less conservative convergence time upper-bound compared with that of the traditional method. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is validated through simulations with a modified IEEE 5-bus system and extended to a modified IEEE 39-bus system for scalability analysis.

关键词： Finite-time convergence bounded control microgrid distributed secondary control multi-agent system

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