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Wireless sensor networks and chemo-/biosensing

CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008年第2期108卷 652-679页

作者： Diamond, Dermot Coyle, Shirley Scarmagnani, Silvia Hayes, Jer Dublin City Univ Sch Chem Sci Adapt Sensors Grp Natl Ctr Sensor Res Dublin 9 Ireland

Trends in chemo-/biosensing and communications technologies are examined. There have been advancements in low-power wireless communications focusing on "motes" on environmental deployment.

关键词： Communication technology Complexity Reader Device Component sensors Mobile phones distributed sensors hierarchical models

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Correcting for Target Motion in Time-Reversal Spectral Focusing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2022年第9期70卷 8311-8320页

作者： Kim, Jerry Cheney, Margaret Mokole, Eric MITRE Corp Naval Programs Div Mclean VA 22303 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Math Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

It is well-known that an iterative time-reversal (TR) process, applied via a distributed sensing system, can be used to produce a space-time waveform that maximizes the energy scattered from a stationary target back to the sensors. The TR process accomplishes this by automatically focusing energy, both spatially and spectrally, on the stationary target. When scatterers are moving, however, the TR focusing can break down. This article shows how to modify the TR process so that it automatically focuses energy on a moving target. This new TR process automatically generates a distributed beam that: 1) follows the target as it moves and 2) enhances the target resonances by concentrating the energy spectrally. This focusing occurs without a priori knowledge of the target's location or spectral response. The new TR algorithm is derived through a careful analysis of the idealized case of a single isotropic moving point scatterer. This article includes simulations that compare the TR focus both with and without the new modification. Although the simulations are carried out for the electromagnetic case, the theory applies equally well to the acoustic case when the target speed is significantly less than the ambient sound speed. Appendices are included with details of the calculations and with analysis of the range of relative velocities for which the modified TR process should be used.

关键词： sensors Focusing Scattering Doppler effect Frequency-domain analysis Iterative methods Sensor arrays distributed sensors doppler correction eigenvalues inverse scattering multiple input multiple output power method target motion target tracking time reversal (TR) TR mirror

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A field point based approach for sensor conditioning in MO-CVD reactors

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2003年第3期52卷 796-803页

作者： Andò, B Baeri, A Fragalà, I Graziani, S Catania Univ DEES Catania Italy Catania Univ Dept Chem Sci Catania Italy

Metal organic-chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD) is widely used to grow multicomponent metal oxide films. The industrial equipment consists of complex CVD reactors. fully dedicated to specific deposition processes. R&D activities require flexible and. low-cost apparatus, which can easily be switched between various CVD processes. These systems must feature both good performance in tuning the operational parameters and flexible efficiency in management. In this work, a quite innovative solution for. a conditioning system that is highly suitable, for low-cost MO-CVD reactors (for R&D purposes) is discussed. A smart distributed network of sensors, and actuators, based on a field point system controlled by,a virtual instrument, is proposed. The system allows accurate control of operational parameters, suitable conditioning sections and a user-friendly interface.

关键词： distributed sensors field point metal organic-chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD) process reproducibility virtual instrumentation

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Translational motion estimation and compensation in distributed inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of ship target with complex motion

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2022年第7期16卷 1095-1106页

作者： Zhang, Junqiu Wang, Yong Harbin Inst Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

A translational motion estimation and compensation method is proposed based on the parametric method by multiple stations in the distributed inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. For ship targets with complex motion, the distributed ISAR increases the cross-range resolution of the image by expanding the observation angle. However, the translation compensation methods by a single station will destroy the correlation between the echoes, which reduces the image quality, and a more accurate joint translation compensation method is required. Multi-static observation is obtained in the distributed system, which we can utilise in the parameter estimation: 1) joint Doppler estimation, 2) station angle estimation, and 3) rotation velocity estimation. Based on the above estimations, the velocity vector and the acceleration vector of the target can be obtained, and then the translational motion compensation can be realised parametrically. The algorithm processing chain is presented in this paper. Finally, the numerical simulations with four stations are presented to verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： distributed sensors inverse synthetic aperture radar motion compensation motion estimation

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Bias change detection-based sensor selection approach for target tracking in large-scale distributed sensor networks

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2017年第1期11卷 30-40页

作者： Guo, Junjun Yuan, Xianghui Han, Chongzhao Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Inst Integrated Automat MOE KLINNS Lab Xian 710049 Peoples R China

In large-scale distributed sensor networks, in the presence of the possible changing sensor biases, this study proposes a bias change detection-based sensor selection (SS) approach to address this multi-sensor target tracking problem. The authors only need to detect the bias change and select those reliable sensors (sensors with constant biases) for data fusion, rather than the traditional approach, which try to directly estimate the changing biases. The proposed method mainly contains the following three steps. First, the sliding window marginalised likelihood ratio test algorithm is proposed to detect the bias change. Then based on the bias change detection results, they adopt an SS strategy to select those reliable sensors. Finally, for these selected distributed sensors, the federated filter algorithm is used here for target tracking and bias registration. Simulation results show the effectiveness of these algorithms.

关键词： target tracking sensor fusion signal detection filtering theory distributed sensors bias change detection-based sensor selection approach target tracking large-scale distributed sensor networks sensor bias bias change detection-based SS approach multisensor target tracking problem data fusion sliding window marginalised likelihood ratio test algorithm federated filter algorithm bias registration

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A distributed Sensor-Based Recursive Framework for DoA Estimation and Geolocation

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 136073-136087页

作者： Jiang, Lei Keerativoranan, Nopphon Matsumoto, Tad Takada, Jun-Ichi Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Transdisciplinary Sci & Engn Tokyo 1528552 Japan IMT Atlantique Lab STICC CNRS UMR 6285 F-29280 Brest France JAIST Nomi 9231211 Japan Univ Oulu Ctr Wireless Commun Radio Technol CWC RT Oulu 90570 Finland

This paper proposes a distributed sensor-based RECursive Subspace and Factor Graph (REC-SaFG) framework for direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation and geolocation of a fast-moving target. The whole framework includes two recursive processes: (1) DoA estimation and tracking by 2-dimensional (2D) smoothing-based recursive subspace technique using low rank adaptive filter (LORAF);(2) Factor graph (FG)-based geolocation and tracking network utilizing an extended Kalman filter (EKF) which takes into account the target's position and velocity, and updates them as well as the acceleration information. In (1), the recursive subspace technique aims to fully utilize sample size insufficiency due to the fast-moving target and to recover the rank deficiency incurred by the coherent signal components. In (2), the estimated DoA and target velocity information obtained by (1) is considered as input to the unified FG implemented by EKF for geolocation and tracking (FG-GE-TR) of the target position. By integrating these two processes, the REC-SaFG framework promises significant improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of geolocation and tracking systems, particularly in environments characterized by a fast-moving target and the need for high-resolution tracking.

关键词： Geology Direction-of-arrival estimation Estimation Vectors Target tracking Accuracy Aircraft Location awareness Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Decentralized control Sensor systems Adaptive filters Direction-of-arrival (DoA) geolocation tracking extended Kalman filter (EKF) subspace eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) factor graph (FG) distributed sensors low-rank adaptive filter (LORAF)

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Modal analysis of a cantilever beam by use of Brillouin based distributed dynamic strain measurements

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SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 2012年第12期21卷 125022-1-125022-7页

作者： Minardo, Aldo Coscetta, Agnese Pirozzi, Salvatore Bernini, Romeo Zeni, Luigi Univ Naples 2 Dept Informat Engn I-81031 Aversa Italy CNR Ist Rilevamento Elettromagnetico Ambiente I-80124 Naples Italy

In this work we report an experimental modal analysis of a cantilever beam, carried out by use of a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) setup operated at a fixed pump-probe frequency shift. The employed technique permitted us to carry out distributed strain measurements along the vibrating beam at a maximum acquisition rate of 108 Hz. The mode shapes of the first three bending modes (1.7, 10.8, 21.6 Hz) were measured for the structure under test. The good agreement between the experimental and numerical results based on a finite-element method (FEM) analysis demonstrates that Brillouin based distributed sensors are well suited to perform the modal analysis of a vibrating structure. This type of analysis may be useful for applications in structural health monitoring where changes in mode shapes are used as indicators of the damage to the structure.

关键词： acquisition rate modal response vibrating beams structural monitoring modal analysis Finite element method CANTILEVER BEAMS experimental modal analysis Strain measurement distributed sensors

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Data fusion of multiradar system by using genetic algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2002年第2期38卷 601-612页

作者： Liu, WX Lu, YL Fu, JS Nanyang Technol Univ Sch EEE Block S1 Radar Lab Singapore 639798 Singapore

Detection system with distributed sensors and data fusion are increasingly being used by surveillance systems. There has been a great deal of theoretical study on decentralized detection networks composed of identical or non-identical sensors. To solve the resulting nonlinear system, exhaustive search and some crude approximations are adopted. However, those methods often cause either the system to be insensitive to some parameters or the suboptimal results. In this paper, a novel flexible genetic algorithm is investigated to obtain the optimal results on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) data fusion. Using this approach, all system parameters are directly coded in decimal chromosomes and they can be optimized simultaneously. The simulation results show that adopting the proposed approach, one can achieve better performances than the reported methods and results.

关键词： convergence of numerical methods genetic algorithms radar clutter radar detection radar signal processing sensor fusion adjacent-fitness-pairing best-mate-worst constant false alarm rate convergence data fusion decimal chromosomes distributed sensors emp

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Dynamic range enhancement of OTDR using lifting wavelet transform-modified particle swarm optimisation scheme

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IET OPTOELECTRONICS 2019年第6期13卷 295-302页

作者： Tangudu, Ramji Sahu, Prasant Kumar Indian Inst Technol Bhubaneswar Sch Elect Sci Argul Odisha India

The optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is the only investigation tool for the optical fibre continuity measurement and is capable of verifying inline splices and locating fibre faults. As per the literature review, most of the distributed fibre sensors are designed using OTDR principle. Dynamic range plays a major role in such instruments. Dynamic range enhancement of OTDR is proposed using the lifting wavelet transform (LWT)-modified particle swarm optimisation (MPSO) scheme. This scheme enables us to design customised lifting wavelet filters to improve the signal-to-noise ratio which in turn improvises the dynamic range. This study proposes and demonstrates the application of LWT along with the MPSO evolutionary algorithm to obtain optimum threshold, in order to mitigate the noisy lifting wavelet coefficients effectively. The proposed scheme is employed for OTDR measurement up to 50 km (silica optical fibre), using 10 dBm of laser input power. As compared with the conventional wavelet regularised deconvolution schemes, the authors' proposed scheme offers a 3.42 dB enhancement in the dynamic range under a lower computational complexity requirement. The proposed study is carried out using computer simulation using MATLAB 15.0 software. The results were experimentally validated.

关键词： distributed sensors optical fibre testing particle swarm optimisation fibre optic sensors wavelet transforms optical time-domain reflectometry optical fibre filters computational complexity evolutionary computation optical time domain reflectometry optical fibre continuity measurement inline splices distributed fibre sensors OTDR principle dynamic range enhancement lifting wavelet filters MPSO evolutionary algorithm silica optical fibre noisy lifting wavelet coefficients OTDR measurement lifting wavelet transform-modified particle swarm optimisation scheme fibre fault location signal-to-noise ratio computational complexity computer simulation MATLAB 15 0 software laser input power SiO2

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A new high detectivity room temperature linear thermopile array with a D* greater than 2 x 10⁹ cmHz^1/2/W based on organic membranes

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MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS 2013年第12期19卷 1927-1933页

作者： Haenschke, Frank Kessler, Ernst Dillner, Ulrich Ihring, Andreas Schinkel, Uwe Meyer, Hans-Georg Inst Photon Technol D-07745 Jena Germany

We present a newly designed high-detectivity thermoelectric linear array, based on an organic membrane for use in the room temperature range. The sensor array has 64 individual readable channels and was designed and developed for IR spectroscopy. This detector may be used to infer the condition of lubricants and coolants within a mechanical system, so that they can be replaced when needs be, e.g. determining the age of technical oils of wind power plants in real time. Thus valuable resources can be saved and costly damage to equipment avoided. In order to achieve a D* greater than 2 x 10(9) cmHz(1/2)/W, the sensor was designed and optimized to be operated under vacuum conditions. To minimize the thermal cross talk between individual pixels, the pixels are separated from each other by a 50 mu m slit in the self-supporting organic membrane made of SU-8.

关键词： SENSOR arrays RESEARCH ARRAY processing distributed sensors DETECTORS MEMBRANE switches MEMBRANES (Technology)

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