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A New Multistatic FMCW Radar Architecture by Over-the-Air Deramping

IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2015年第12期15卷 7045-7053页

作者： Ash, Matthew Ritchie, Matthew Chetty, Kevin Brennan, Paul V. UCL Dept Elect & Elect Engn London WC1E 7JE England UCL Dept Secur & Crime Sci London WC1H 9EZ England

Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is widely adopted solution for low-cost, short to medium range sensing applications. However, a multistatic FMCW architecture suitable for meeting the low-cost requirement has yet to be developed. This paper introduces a new FMCW radar architecture that implements a novel technique of synchronizing nodes in a multistatic system, known as over-the-air deramping (OTAD). The architecture uses a dual-frequency design to simultaneously broadcast an FMCW waveform on a lower frequency channel directly to a receiver as a reference synchronization signal, and a higher frequency channel to illuminate the measurement scene. The target echo is deramped in hardware with the synchronization signal. OTAD allows for low-cost multistatic systems with fine range-resolution, and low peak power and sampling rate requirements. Furthermore, the approach avoids problems with direct signal interference. OTAD is shown to be a compelling solution for low-cost multistatic radar systems through the experimental measurements using a newly developed OTAD radar system.

关键词： FMCW radar bistatic radar multistatic radar passive radar passive bistatic radar micro-Doppler distributed sensors

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Fully digital, urban networked staring radar: Simulation and experimentation

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2024年第5期18卷 657-673页

作者： Griffiths, Darren Jahangir, Mohammed Kannanthara, Jithin Donlan, Gwynfor Baker, Chris J. Antoniou, Michail Singh, Yeshpal Univ Birmingham Sch Phys & Astron Birmingham W Midlands England Univ Birmingham Sch Elect Elect & Syst Engn Birmingham W Midlands England

The application and uses of drones in all areas are continuously rising, especially in civilian use cases. This increasing threat requires reliable drone surveillance in urban environments. Radar is the obvious candidate with its ability to detect small objects at range, in all weather conditions. The use of an L-band networked radar for urban sensing of S-UAS targets is explored. Small echoes from S-UAS places a premium on synchronisation, which is the fundamental key for high performance networked radar. The effect of timing errors on the operation of the network radar is investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the processing tools for synchronising data based on the direct signal returns of the transmitter are developed. Also, drone detection using bistatic L-band staring radar is achieved both in simulation and then in real field trials where the SNR and detection performance are computed and analysed. The updated direct signal synchronisation method for bistatic staring radar is shown to provide comparable SNR and positional accuracy for S-UAS targets as the monostatic staring radar. The synchronisation of networked staring radar was achieved using the improved direct signal synchronisation method. This was validated in simulation and with successful detection of S-UAV targets using the networked staring radar systems on University of Birmingham ***

关键词： distributed sensors Doppler radar micro Doppler multistatic radar oscillators passive radar performance evaluation phase locked loops phased array radar synchronisation

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Middleware and Metrology for the Pervasive Future

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IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING 2009年第3期8卷 74-83页

作者： Fillinger, Antoine Hamchi, Imad Degre, Stephane Diduch, Lukas L. Rose, Travis Fiscus, Jonathan Stanford, Vincent Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol. MD USA

Looks at the data and metrology tools developed by The National Institute of Standards and Technology for the research community, including common middleware for distributed sensor data acquisition and processing.

关键词： data acquisition data flow computing distributed sensors middleware open systems sensor fusion ubiquitous computing NIST data flow system collaborative development distributed sensor data acquisition interoperability metrology pattern recognition performance measurement pervasive system NDFS-II data flow data transport interoperability standards multimodal pervasive computing sensor networks user-sensitive interfaces Middleware Ubiquitous computing Performance metrics data transmission distributed sensors metrology Interoperability Data Collection Methods NIST data flow Sensor fusion Pattern recognition open systems

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Moving force identification: optimal state estimation approach

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2001年第2期239卷 233-254页

作者： Law, SS Fang, YL Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Civil & Struct Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Dept Flight Vehicle Design & Appl Mech Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Existing techniques to identify moving forces exhibit the common weakness of having large fluctuations in the identified results. A new method of moving force identification is developed in this paper making use of the dynamic programming technique to overcome this weakness. The forces in the state-space Formulation of the dynamic system are identified in the time domain using a recursive formula based on several distributed sensor measurements, and responses of the structure are reconstructed using the identified forces for comparison. Like all inverse problems, the computation is ill-conditioned. However, the: dynamic programming technique inherently provides bounds to the ill-conditioned forces, and results from the simulation studies and laboratory work show great improvements over existing methods in the accuracy of identification. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

关键词： recurrence formula TIME-DOMAIN dynamic programming Hypodynamia Paper and pulp industry Practical work (learning method) Force Dynamic systems distributed sensors Technology moving force

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Run-time detection and correction of heliostat tracking errors

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2017年 105卷 702-711页

作者： Chiesi, Matteo Scarselli, Eleonora Franchi Guerrieri, Roberto Univ Bologna Adv Res Ctr Elect Syst Informat & Commun Technol Viale Carlo Pepoli 3-2 I-40123 Bologna Italy

This paper investigates the effect of tracking errors in heliostats used in solar tower power plants and proposes an approach based on low-cost distributed electronics capable of limiting their impact. An analysis carried out through a parallel model sets the specifications for design of a closed-loop solar tracker based on a low-cost six-axis digital e-compass. A proof of concept system is devised to test the accuracy of the proposed strategy. This approach allows the solar tracker to perform a run-time detection and correction of heliostat tracking errors, with an accuracy of about 3 mrad for the azimuth angle and less than 2 mrad for the altitude angle, thus leading to a higher concentration ratio than with an open loop solar-tracker. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solar tower power plants Parallel computing Closed-loop solar tracker distributed sensors Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) e-compass

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On multitrack fusion under unknown correlation

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2018年第11期12卷 1251-1259页

作者： Abu Bakr, Muhammad Lee, Sukhan Sungkyunkwan Univ Intelligent Syst Res Inst Suwon 440746 Gyeonggi Do South Korea

The recent proliferation of distributed sensor networks makes the multitrack fusion under unknown correlation highly significant. There have been two major approaches developed to date for the multitrack fusion under unknown correlation: an approach based on maximum mutual information and another based on the minimum overestimate of covariance intersection. Unfortunately, the former is applicable only to two tracks while the latter becomes ineffective for multiple tracks with excessive overestimation. This paper presents solutions for fusing an arbitrary number of tracks under unknown correlation. First, a maximum bound of cross-covariance between two tracks of unknown correlation is computed analytically, such that the computed maximum bound is used for fusion with the fused track less conservative than the one provided by covariance intersection method. For more than two tracks, the above two-track method can be sequentially applied for fusion. However, the sequential fusion results in a sequence-dependent and suboptimal solution. Therefore, this paper presents several alternative solutions that provide a better trade-off between optimality and consistency in fusion. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： covariance matrices target tracking optimisation covariance analysis distributed sensors wireless sensor networks sensor fusion multitrack fusion unknown correlation multiple tracks cross-covariance computed maximum bound fused track covariance intersection method two-track method individual track cross-correlation sequential fusion results

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distributed Optical Fiber Radiation Sensing in a Mixed-Field Radiation Environment at CERN

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2017年第16期35卷 3303-3310页

作者： Toccafondo, Iacopo Marin, Yisbel E. Guillermain, Elisa Kuhnhenn, Jochen Mekki, Julien Brugger, Markus Di Pasquale, Fabrizio European Org Nucl Res CH-1217 Meyrin Switzerland Scuola Super Sant Anna TeCIP Inst I-56124 Pisa Italy Fraunhofer Inst Nat Wissensch Tech Trendanalysen D-53879 Euskirchen Germany Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales F-31400 Toulouse France

In paper we present the results from distributed optical fiber radiation sensing measurements at the "Cern High energy AcceleRator Mixed field facility", CHARM. The measurements have been carried out on a multimode (MM) radiation sensitive P-doped optical fiber. The distributed measurements have then been carried out by means of an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) system using different interrogation and acquisition parameters to understand their influence on the results. We demonstrate the possible localization of the total dose with meter scale spatial resolutions and dose resolution down to 10-15 Gy. The obtained distributed dose profiles are validated by the benchmark with RadFET dosimeters and appear very promising for high energy accelerators and physics experiments as well as for industrial applications.

关键词： distributed sensors dosimetry optical fibers radiation-induced attenuation

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Migration Dynamics for Adapting Sensor Coverage on the Line

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2023年第22期23卷 27852-27861页

作者： Wettergren, Thomas A. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Newport RI 02841 USA

A method is developed for using the diffusive flow of migration dynamics to adapt the locations of sensors that are positioned along a line to provide coverage along that line. Such an adaptive adjustment of the locations of sensors positioned along a line can provide an opportunity to change the relative amount of coverage to achieve some desired (potentially nonuniform) coverage pattern. An important feature of the migration dynamics approach is that it is a provably convergent local adaptation approach, in that it provides a solution that is guaranteed to yield a coverage pattern that approaches the shape of the goal coverage pattern using only local observations of the locations of neighboring sensors and no data sharing. From applying the migration dynamics approach with a specifically chosen fitness function, a rule is created for individual sensors to move to create the desired adaptation based on only local observations. A formal analysis of the dynamics that result from the chosen fitness function shows that the resulting approach converges to approximate the shape of the desired coverage function. Thus, position adjustment to achieve group coverage goals is shown to be possible without sharing information across the entire group of sensors. Numerical simulations are provided to support the analytical claims.

关键词： Adaptation coverage diffusion distributed sensors migration dynamics

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Scriptless connection of sensor data processing components in network middleware for home environment

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ADVANCED ROBOTICS 2008年第6-7期22卷 613-632页

作者： Noguchi, Hiroshi Mori, Taketoshi Sato, Tomomasa Japan Sci & Technol Agcy CREST Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138656 Japan Univ Tokyo Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138656 Japan

This paper describes network middleware for distributed sensors in the home environment. The feature of the middleware is automatic connection of sensor data processing components without a fixed script. The connections of components are not directly fixed but determined based on existing components in the middleware when the components are deployed. The individual component reconnects to the target components with a condition that represents abstract sensor properties related to the target components, when the configuration of components changes. The target components are discovered with not only sensor properties but also spatial properties of sensor-attached objects such as positions and volumes. Automatic connection based on sensor properties realizes adaptability of the component to many heterogeneous sensors and sensor layouts in the home environment. Reconfiguration in the middleware was successfully shown in experiments of a monitoring application for an occupant in our experimental environment (Sensing Room). (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2008.

关键词： network middleware component reconfiguration distributed sensors component-based approach sensing room

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Simultaneous monitoring of temperature, pressure, and strain through Brillouin sensors and a hybrid BOTDA/FBG for disasters detection systems

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第18期13卷 3012-3019页

作者： Zrelli, Amira Commun Syst Lab SysCom Tunis Tunisia Univ Tunis El Manar Natl Engn Sch Tunis Tunis Tunisia

In this study, the authors deal with the problem of simultaneous measurement of temperature, pressure, and strain using novel technologies of optical fibre (OF) sensors. Indeed, they address the problem of early surveillance systems to detect disasters in real-time. Through these sensors, they try to predict prospective and possible disasters (landslides, fire, earthquake etc.). Temperature, pressure, and strain should be simultaneously monitored to prevent betimes any damages. They propose a novel design of disaster system, which is able to measure the variation of temperature, pressure, and strain using optical sensors based on Brillouin scattering, two types of these sensors are discussed Brillouin optical time division reflectometers and Brillouin optical time division analysis (BOTDA). Thus, they indicate the performance of BOTDA sensors on disaster detection systems. However, these sensors cannot measure pressure variation, so they introduce the application of hybrid BOTDA/fibre Bragg grating (FBG) system in order to predict disasters caused by pressure.

关键词： optical fibres Bragg gratings disasters distributed sensors Brillouin spectra fibre optic sensors optical time-domain reflectometry optical fibre testing optical sensors Brillouin sensors simultaneous monitoring pressure variation disaster detection systems BOTDA sensors Brillouin optical time division analysis Brillouin optical time division reflectometers Brillouin scattering optical sensors disaster system earthquake etc possible disasters prospective disasters early surveillance systems simultaneous measurement disasters detection systems

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