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IEEE sensors LETTERS 2025年第3期9卷

作者： Wagner, Joerg F. Wille, Sebastian Rheinlaender, Carl C. Kohl, Michael Gyoerfi, Benedikt Univ Stuttgart Chair Flight Measuring Technol D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Wille Engn Sebastian Wille D-65795 Hattersheim Germany

Over the last three decades, gyroscopes have become increasingly miniaturized and have enabled the design of very small, light, and cost-effective inertial measurement units (IMUs). This allows new applications of inertial sensors. The motion measurement or motion capture of structures which, in contrast to classic inertial navigation, are no longer single rigid bodies but can show a variable shape is such a new application. However, this approach is only realizable if such a "flexible" structure is equipped with several spatially distributed and closely networked IMUs. At the same time, this measurement approach, similar to classic inertial navigation, requires the use of additional, complementary aiding sensors, which must also be distributed across the structure. Such systems or networks, which consist of inertial and structural sensors in parallel, are novel and not state of the art. This letter, therefore, presents a modular, experimental sensor system of this type designed as a demonstrator for basic research purposes, describes the specific challenges in designing the system, and reports on initial practical experiences in using the system on a test rig for the motion measurement of a flexible beam.

关键词： sensors Sensor systems Strain measurement Mechanical sensors Main-secondary Measurement units Synchronization Inertial navigation Gyroscopes Motion measurement Sensor networks distributed sensors inertial measurement units strain gauges structural monitoring system integration Time of Flight (ToF) sensors

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Tree wave model of distributed temperature and strain optical fiber sensors

Tree wave model of distributed temperature and strain optica...

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Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications Conference (APOC 2001)

作者： Saetchnikov, VA Chernyavskaya, EA Yanukovich, TP Belarusian State Univ Minsk 220050 BELARUS

ISBN: (纸本)0819443107

The first method for distributed fiber measurements was the optical-domain reflectometry. This method used backward Rayleigh scattering to observe the optical loss along the fiber. distributed temperature and strain measurements can be realized by using stimulated Brillouin scattering. This effect can be described as three-wave interaction of pump laser wave, a Stokes wave and an acoustic wave of characteristic Brillouin frequency. This frequency depends on temperature and strain. This effect was used for distributed measurements and realized in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis. Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis is discussed. In the method, the continuous wave light of narrow linewidth pump laser is coupled into one end of the sensor fiber and a sinusoidal modulated intensity of a probe laser is coupled to the other end. If the frequency difference between both lasers equals to characteristic Brillouin frequency, the pump light will interact with the modulated probe light in the fiber. By analyzing the transmitted pump intensity at different frequency differences between probe and pump lasers, the temperature and strain distribution along the fiber can be determined. By analyzing the dependence of transmitted pump intensity on frequency difference the magnitude of temperature and strain is determined. Numerical simulation of a Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis is represented. In this numerical simulation several fiber lengths with different but spatial constant gain coefficients were placed one after another. For each fiber part the fundamental oscillation of the transmitted pump intensity is calculated by the derived analytical expression with respect to individual Brillouin gain coefficients. The DC components of the input pump and stokes powers of each region are determined by numerical iteration. Alternating part of pump intensity is assumed not to interact with Stokes power because it is very week. Only the DC component of the pump pow

关键词： distributed sensors brillouin scattering three-wave model

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A Least Squares Fusion Rule in Multiple sensors distributed Detection Systems

A Least Squares Fusion Rule in Multiple Sensors Distributed ...

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IEEE Aerospace Conference

作者： Aziz, Ashraf M. Al Baha Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Al Baha Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467318112

In this paper, a new least square data fusion rule in multiple sensor distributed detection system is proposed. In the proposed approach, the central processor combines the sensors hard decisions through least squares criterion to make the global hard decision of the central processor. In contrast to the optimum Neyman-Pearson fusion, where the distributed detection system is optimized at the fusion center level or at the sensors level, but not simultaneously, the proposed approach achieves global optimization at both the fusion center and at the distributed sensors levels. This is done without knowing the error probabilities of each individual distributed sensor. Thus the proposed least squares fusion rule does not rely on any stability of the noise environment and of the sensors false alarm and detection probabilities. Therefore, the proposed least squares fusion rule is robust and achieves better global performance. Furthermore, the proposed method can easily be applied to any number of sensors and any type of distributed observations. The performance of the proposed least squares fusion rule is evaluated and compared to the optimum Neyman-Pearson fusion rule. The results show that the performance of the proposed least squares fusion rule outperforms the performance of the Neyman-Pearson fusion rule.

关键词： distributed sensors least squares approximations optimisation probability sensor fusion

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Acting in Intelligent Space - Mobile robot control based on sensors distributed in space

Acting in Intelligent Space - Mobile robot control based on ...

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IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： Brscic, Drazen Sasaki, Takeshi Hashimoto, Hideki Univ Tokyo Inst Ind Sci Tokyo 1138654 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424412631

This paper presents our implementation of the control of mobile robot as actuator in Intelligent Space. The Intelligent Space has distributed sensors that can be used for tracking and mapping the space. Furthermore, it can use these measurements to control a mobile robot in the space. This way physical acting inside the space can be achieved. Here we present our developed Intelligent Space system that uses laser range finders for tracking and a mobile robot as actuator. Methods and obtained results are described.

关键词： Intetligent Space distributed sensors laser range finders mobile robot control

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2D Directional Surface Strain Mapping Through distributed Optical Fiber sensors

2D Directional Surface Strain Mapping Through Distributed Op...

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10th Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

作者： Huang, Jin Lilliu, Samuele Alqahtani, Ammar Martins, Julio Petiz, Joao Dahlem, Marcus S. Masdar Inst Nanoopt & Optoelect Res Lab Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Univ Porto Sci & Technol Pk IDEIA M Porto Portugal

A low-cost Rayleigh backscattering sensing configuration is used to obtain high-resolution and real-time 2D maps of the directional surface strain on a fiberglass board. This approach has potential applications in 2D/... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364768

关键词： Rayleigh scattering condition monitoring distributed sensors fibre optic sensors strain measurement strain sensors structural engineering

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Concept and theoretical performance analysis for decentralised digital synchronisation in distributed radar sensor networks

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2025年第1期19卷

作者： Kenney, Russell H. Metcalf, Justin G. Mcdaniel, Jay W. Univ Oklahoma Adv Radar Res Ctr Norman OK 73019 USA Univ Oklahoma Sch Elect & Comp Engn Norman OK 73019 USA Capella Space Sensor Syst San Francisco CA USA

This paper presents a decentralised technique for achieving frequency, time, and phase synchronisation of platforms cooperating in a distributed radar sensor network. The proposed method is advantageous for existing digital radar systems as it can be implemented entirely in the software without the use of additional RF hardware required by other techniques. The synchronisation signal model for signals transmitted and received in various clock domains is presented and an estimation model is subsequently derived for estimating and correcting the clock drifts. A modified version of a previously developed phase and clock bias correction procedure is outlined for correcting time and phase after frequency synchronisation. A comprehensive theoretical performance analysis of the technique is performed in which the expected maximum achievable performance is derived in terms of the Cram & eacute;r-Rao lower bound for frequency, time, and phase measurements. Multiple Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed technique approaches this performance limit. Finally, a simulated distributed transmit beamforming scenario is provided to show the application of the proposed technique in a practical system architecture. The results of this show that as the signal-to-noise ratio approaches moderate levels, the proposed synchronisation technique enables the beamforming network to achieve nearly optimal coherent energy gain at the beamforming destination.

关键词： distributed sensors least mean squares methods MIMO radar synchronisation

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Damage detection and characterization using long-gauge and distributed fiber optic sensors

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2013年第8期52卷 087101-087101页

作者： Glisic, Branko Hubbell, David Sigurdardottir, Dorotea Hoeg Yao, Yao Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA Univ Toronto Dept Civil Engn Toronto ON M5S 1A4 Canada

Fiber optic strain sensors have significantly evolved and have reached their market maturity during the last decade. Their widely recognized advantages are high precision, long-term stability, and durability. In addition to these benefits, fiber optic (FO) techniques allow for affordable instrumentation of large areas of civil structures and infrastructure enabling global large-scale monitoring based on long-gauge sensors, and integrity monitoring based on distributed sensors. The FO techniques that enable these two approaches are based on fiber Bragg-gratings and Brillouin optical time-domain analysis. The aim of this paper is to present both FO techniques and both structural assessment approaches, and to validate them through large-scale applications. Although many other currently applied methods fail to detect the damage in real, on-site conditions, the presented approaches were proven to be suitable for damage detection and characterization, i.e., damage localization and, to certain extent, quantification. This is illustrated by two applications presented in detail in this paper: the first on a post-tensioned concrete bridge and the second on segmented concrete pipeline. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： long-gauge sensors distributed sensors Bragg-grating stimulated Brillouin scattering structural health monitoring bridge pipeline

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A distributed Model for Stressors Monitoring Based on Environmental Smart sensors

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sensors 2018年第6期18卷 1935-1935页

作者： de Ramon-Fernandez, Alberto Ruiz-Fernandez, Daniel Marcos-Jorquera, Diego Gilart-Iglesias, Virgilio Univ Alicante Dept Comp Technol Alicante 03690 Spain

Nowadays, in many countries, stress is becoming a problem that increasingly affects the health of people. Suffering stress continuously can lead to serious behavioral disorders such as anxiety or depression. Every person, in his daily routine, can face many factors which can contribute to increase his stress level. This paper describes a flexible and distributed model to monitor environmental variables associated with stress, which provides adaptability to any environment in an agile way. This model was designed to transform stress environmental variables in value added information (key stress indicator) and to provide it to external systems, in both proactive and reactive mode. Thus, this value-added information will assist organizations and users in a personalized way helping in the detection and prevention of acute stress cases. Our proposed model is supported by an architecture that achieves the features above mentioned, in addition to interoperability, robustness, scalability, autonomy, efficient, low cost and consumption, and information availability in real time. Finally, a prototype of the system was implemented, allowing the validation of the proposal in different environments at the University of Alicante.

关键词： stress environmental stressors monitoring system distributed sensors

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Performance Analysis of Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) in distributed Fiber-Optic Backscatter Reflectometry Physical sensors

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sensors 2020年第9期20卷 2595-2595页

作者： Tosi, Daniele Molardi, Carlo Blanc, Wilfried Paixao, Tiago Antunes, Paulo Marques, Carlos Nazarbayev Univ Sch Engn & Digital Sci Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan Natl Lab Astana Lab Biosensors & Bioinstruments Nur Sultan 010000 Kazakhstan Univ Cote dAzur INPHYNI CNRS UMR 7010 Parc Valrose F-06108 Nice France I3N Phys Dept P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal Univ Aveiro P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal

Optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) is a method for the interrogation of Rayleigh scattering occurring in each section of an optical fiber, resulting in a single-fiber-distributed sensor with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The use of high-scattering fibers, doped with MgO-based nanoparticles in the core section, provides a scattering increase which can overcome 40 dB. Using a configuration-labeled Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux), we can arrange a network of high-scattering fibers to perform a simultaneous scan of multiple fiber sections, therefore extending the OBR method from a single fiber to multiple fibers. In this work, we analyze the performance and boundary limits of SLMux, drawing the limits of detection of N-channel SLMux, and evaluating the performance of scattering-enhancement methods in optical fibers.

关键词： optical fiber sensors optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) distributed sensors scattering-level multiplexing Rayleigh scattering

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Emulating a mobile spatially distributed sensor by mobile pointwise sensors in state estimation of partial differential equations via spatial interpolation

Emulating a mobile spatially distributed sensor by mobile po...

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American Control Conference

作者： Michael A. Demetriou Worcester Polytechnic Institute Dept of Mechanical Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781509045839

In the estimation of spatially distributed processes, one comes across three factors that greatly affect the convergence properties of the estimation error. The architecture of the estimator, the number of the sensing devices and their statistics, and finally the sensor models. The last factor is described by the spatial distribution of the sensing device itself. It is a fact that the "more" information over the spatial domain a given sensing device has, the better the convergence properties of the estimation error will be. As realistic sensing devices have a spatial support that is defined over an extremely small region within the spatial domain, an idealized sensor with a large spatial support appears to be unrealizable. However, when a small number of sensing devices, with a sensor model given by the Dirac spatial function (pointwise measurement) is optimally positioned over the support of such an idealized sensing device, an approximation of the idealized measurement can be attained. This is examined in this work, in which an a priori given number of sensing devices is optimally distributed within the spatial support of such an idealized device using either a uniform gridding or gridding based on a modification of the Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations which places the sensors in locations that divide the spatial support of the filter kernel in regions of equal areas. To further improve on the convergence properties, a guidance scheme repositions the centroid of the pointwise sensors using spatial gradient arguments. Numerical studies provide further insights and comparison between the use of a single idealized sensing device and that of multiple realistic sensors that are guided within the spatial domain using the proposed spatial gradient-based guidance.

关键词： Device Sensor sensors Filter kernel spatial domain State estimation gridding Spatial Interpolation Mobile distributed sensors

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