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Real-time detecting and tracking of traffic shockwaves based on weighted consensus information fusion in distributed video network

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2014年第4期8卷 377-387页

作者： Yang, Deliang Chen, Yangzhou Xin, Le Zhang, Yuan Beijing Univ Technol Coll Elect Informat & Control Engn Beijing Peoples R China

Tracking traffic shockwaves (queuing shockwave and discharge shockwave) in a road section between intersections can be applied to obtain various traffic parameters, such as the queue length, stop delay etc. In video processing of a distributed low-angle video network installed above the road section, various factors affect the accuracies of positioning of vehicles and tracking of traffic shockwaves. To overcome these effects, they propose a method of weighted consensus information fusion to track the traffic shockwaves in real time. In the visible region between opposite cameras, the cameras detect the shockwaves through the duplex flexible window fused with AdaBoost cascade classifiers and meanwhile dynamically estimate the weight of the measurement noise. In the blind region between contrary cameras, the cameras use the speed changes of the vehicles entering and leaving the blind region to estimate the shockwaves' positions. Thus, by exchanging the information among the cameras through communication and dynamically adjusting the confidence level of the detected results, the algorithm of weighted consensus information fusion effectively obtains globally optimal estimation of the shockwaves. Experimental results show finer tracking results of the shockwaves during morning and evening rush hours by the proposed method.

关键词： cameras distributed sensors estimation theory image classification image fusion learning (artificial intelligence) object detection road traffic road vehicles shock waves traffic engineering computing video signal processing object tracking real-time traffic shockwave detection real-time traffic shockwave tracking weighted consensus information fusion queuing shockwave discharge shockwave road section traffic parameters video processing distributed low-angle video network vehicle positioning visible region cameras duplex flexible window AdaBoost cascade classifiers dynamic measurement noise weight estimation blind region vehicle speed change shockwave position estimation information exchange confidence level global optimal shockwave estimation morning rush hours evening rush hours

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TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE-BASED distributed SENSOR NETWORKS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS 1991年第5期21卷 1060-1070页

作者： BARNHART, CM ZIEMER, RE UNIV COLORADO DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNCOLORADO SPRINGSCO 80933

A method for evaluating the topological quality of networks for distributed sensor applications is presented. The criteria for evaluation are network survivability and delay. Nodal connectivity is used to characterize survivability, and mean path length is used to characterize delay. To calculate these two quantities, an algorithm is developed to find k shortest node-disjoint paths between a pair of nodes when each link has unit distance. As an example of the use of this type of analysis, the effects of nodal losses in a multiple-node satellite network consisting of a Walker low-orbit sphere and a geosynchronous constellation are examined. The example demonstrates how topological analysis on the basis of connectivity and mean path length may be used to detect, and subsequently address, potential flaws in a network design. The results show that the geosynchronous/low-orbit link assignment protocol should be a primary concern in the design of this network. They also show that the nodal degree of the failed node, and the distribution of links between the Walker sphere and the geosynchronous constellation, are the fundamental determinants of mean path length.

关键词： survivability Sensor networks topological analysis satellites path length Network distributed sensors CONSTELLATIONS

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High-performance Brillouin distributed temperature sensor using Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution algorithm

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IET OPTOELECTRONICS 2014年第6期8卷 203-209页

作者： Pradhan, Himansu Shekhar Sahu, Prasant Kumar Indian Inst Technol Bhubaneswar Sch Elect Sci Bhubaneswar 751013 Odisha India

In this study, the authors presented a distributed optical fibre temperature sensor whose performance is improved using the optimisation techniques and Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution (ForWaRD) method. As the input power launched into the sensing fibre is critical, the authors have considered both conventional optimisation technique and evolutionary optimisation techniques namely: genetic algorithm, differential evolution algorithm and particle swarm optimisation algorithm to increase the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold power. Using the optimised value of the parameters and employing evolutionary computing techniques, the proposed 50 km long temperature sensing system offers a 4.7 dB improvement in SBS threshold power over the design of experiment based system. It is being verified that power of the backscattered signals approximately are the convolution of the input pulsed power and corresponding backscatter optical fibre impulse responses. The Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution (ForWaRD) method is employed to improve the spatial resolution of the proposed sensing system without reducing the pulse width of the input pulse. Employing ForWaRD technique a 10 m better spatial resolution observed as compared with the Fourier deconvolution technique. The proposed 50 km long temperature sensing system exhibits a temperature resolution of 1.85 K because of suppression of SBS threshold and noise reduction.

关键词： fibre optic sensors temperature sensors stimulated Brillouin scattering Fourier transform optics wavelet transforms deconvolution genetic algorithms particle swarm optimisation distributed sensors optical information processing signal denoising high-performance Brillouin distributed temperature sensor Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution algorithm optical fibre temperature sensor ForWaRD method evolutionary optimisation techniques genetic algorithm differential evolution algorithm particle swarm optimisation algorithm stimulated Brillouin scattering SBS threshold power input pulsed power convolution backscatter optical fibre impulse responses spatial resolution SBS threshold suppression noise reduction

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Signal proces sing technique for distributed brillouin sensing at centimeter spatial resolution

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2007年第11期25卷 3610-3618页

作者： Ravet, Fabien Bao, Xiaoyi Li, Yun Yu, Quinrong Yale, Alexandre Kalosha, Vladimir P. Chen, Liang Omnisens SA CH-1110 Morges Switzerland Univ Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

A technique for the accurate processing of experimental data measured with the distributed Brillouin sensor at centimeter spatial resolution is proposed. It uses analytical solutions of the steady-state-coupled intensity equations for stimulated Brillouin scattering. This technique includes experimental parameters such as pulsewidth and extinction ratio, pulse (Stokes) and pump powers, and sensing fiber characteristics. This approach also accounts for the effects induced by the ac and dc parts of the pulse. It is capable of extracting strain components hidden in a distorted single-peak spectrum by the implementation of form factors to analyze the shape of the spectrum. This signal processing technique has been validated by experimental data obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. The good agreement between reconstructed and measured spectra reflects the Brillouin frequency shift and the strain affecting the fiber.

关键词： distributed sensors fiber optics sensors numerical approximation and analysis signal processing stimulated brillouin scattering (SBS) structural health monitoring

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Dark-pulse Brillouin optical time-domain sensor with 20-mm spatial resolution

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2007年第1期25卷 381-386页

作者： Brown, Anthony W. Colpitts, Bruce G. Brown, Kellie Univ New Brunswick Dept Elect & Comp Engn Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada Innovatia Inc Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada

Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber-optic sensing is a powerful measurement tool that uses the inelastic scattering of incident light by an acoustic wave (phonon) to determine strain and/or temperature conditions of the fiber. Since the original Brillouin-time-domain-analysis (BOTDA) technique was proposed, several other analysis methods have been introduced to improve sensing performance in four key areas: spatial resolution;measurement accuracy;total sensing length;and measurementacquisition time. The four factors are generally interrelated and improvements to one factor often come at the cost of one or more of the others. For example, one system might sacrifice spatial resolution for total sensing length, while another might sacrifice accuracy to gain acquisition speed. We present a BOTDA system based on dark-pulse scattering that provides improved resolution, accuracy, and acquisition time over conventional BOTDA systems, without the severe limitations on sensing length often imposed by other high-resolution techniques. Theoretical validation of the method is given, and experimental results are presented that demonstrate 20-mm resolution strain measurements with an accuracy of +/- 20 mu epsilon, which is the highest spatial resolution yet reported for a BOTDA system.

关键词： Brillouin scattering distributed sensors optical fiber sensors

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Human-following mobile robot in a distributed intelligent sensor network

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2004年第1期51卷 229-237页

作者： Morioka, K Lee, JH Hashimoto, H Univ Tokyo Inst Ind Sci Tokyo 1538505 Japan

The robots that will be needed in the near future are human-friendly robots that are able to coexist with humans and support humans effectively. To realize this, humans and robots need to be in close proximity to each other as much as possible. Moreover, it is necessary for their interactions to occur naturally. It is desirable for a robot to carry out human following, as one of the human-affinitive movements. The human-following robot requires several techniques: the recognition of the target human, the recognition of the environment around the robot, and the control strategy for following a human stably. In this research, an intelligent environment is used in order to achieve these goals. An intelligent environment is a space in which many sensors and intelligent devices are distributed. Mobile robots exist in this space as physical agents providing humans with services. A mobile robot is controlled to follow a walking human using distributed intelligent sensors as stably and precisely as possible. The control law based on the virtual spring model is proposed to mitigate the difference of movement between the human and the mobile robot. The proposed control law is applied to the intelligent environment and its performance is verified by the computer simulation and the experiment.

关键词： distributed sensors intelligent environment mobile robot tracking control

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distributed SENSOR DATA FUSION WITH BINARY DECISION TREES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 1989年第5期25卷 643-649页

作者： DEMIRBAS, K Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago IL USA

A distributed sensor object recognition scheme that uses object features collected by several sensors is presented. Recognition is performed by a binary decision tree generated from a training set. The scheme does not assume the availability of any probability density functions, thus it is practical for nonparametric object recognition. Simulations have been performed for Gaussian feature objects, and some of the results are presented.

关键词： Decision Trees Sensor data fusion Scheme Binary Decision Tree Data fusion sensors data integration object recognition distributed sensors

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Intelligent Systems in Context-Based distributed Information Fusion

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF distributed SENSOR NETWORKS 2013年第11期000卷 1-2页

作者： Patricio, Miguel A. Garcia, Jesus Corchado, Juan M. Bajo, Javier Khamis, Alaa Mangina, Eleni E. Univ Carlos III Madrid Madrid 28270 Spain Univ Salamanca E-37008 Salamanca Spain Tech Univ Madrid Madrid 28660 Spain Vestec Inc Waterloo ON N2L 6N8 Canada Univ Coll Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland

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Data-driven online distributed disturbance location for large-scale power grids

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IET SMART GRID 2019年第3期2卷 381-390页

作者： Yang, Zekun Chen, Yu Zhou, Ning Polunchenko, Aleksey Liu, Yilu SUNY Binghamton Dept Elect & Comp Engn Binghamton NY 13902 USA SUNY Binghamton Dept Math Sci Binghamton NY 13902 USA Univ Tennessee Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Timely detecting disturbances and locating their sources are critical to the reliable operation of power grids. This capability enables operators to effectively diagnose disturbances over wide areas and earns time for remedial reactions. In this study, a travelling-wave based scheme, namely data-driven online distributed disturbance location (DODDL), is proposed to quickly detect disturbances and determine their geographic location in large-scale power grids when the grids' topology is not available. The proposed DODDL scheme consists of two function blocks: (i) a singular spectrum analysis-based change-point detection method, which can quickly detect disturbances and determine their arrival time at distributed sensors, and (ii) a novel temporal scanning algorithm, which can accurately determine the geographic location of the disturbance source point. Utilising field measurement data sets recorded by the frequency disturbance recorders from the frequency monitoring network, it is shown that the DODDL scheme is not only quicker and more robust to grid non-homogeneity than existing approaches, but also can capture and locate more subtle and concealed disturbances.

关键词： power system faults distributed sensors power system measurement smart power grids fault location DODDL scheme geographic location disturbance source point frequency disturbance recorders grid nonhomogeneity data-driven online distributed disturbance location travelling-wave based scheme power grids singular spectrum analysis change-point detection method

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Multi-sensor-based H_∞ estimation in heterogeneous sensor networks with stochastic competitive transmission and random sensor failures

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IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2014年第3期8卷 202-210页

作者： Song, Haiyu Yu, Li Zhang, Wen-An Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Prov United Key Lab Embedded Syst Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang Peoples R China

This study investigates the multi-sensor-based centralised estimation problem in heterogeneous sensor networks with a common communication channel. Owing to the heterogeneity of the distributed sensors, it is usually impossible to package the measurements into one packet and transmit them to the fusion centre (FC) together, which implies that the measurements should be forwarded to the FC asynchronously. In view of this, a novel stochastic competitive transmission strategy is proposed to stagger the sensors’ transmissions. By using the asynchronous sampled information from the sensors, an H ∞ filter is designed for the FC to periodically generate estimates. The filter parameters are determined by solving a linear-matrix inequality. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.

关键词： failure analysis linear matrix inequalities sensor fusion stochastic processes wireless sensor networks Hâˆž filters multisensor-based Hâˆž estimation linear-matrix inequality Hâˆž filter asynchronous sampled information stochastic competitive transmission strategy FC fusion centre distributed sensors communication channel multisensor-based centralised estimation problem random sensor failures heterogeneous sensor networks

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