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Fully distributed strain sensor Based on a Dual-Loop Optoelectronic Oscillator

IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024年第3期36卷 191-194页

作者： Gao, Lingge Wang, Yiping Shi, Jingzhan Liu, Qiang Lin, Dongdong Nanjing Normal Univ Sch Comp & Elect Informat Jiangsu Key Lab Optoelect Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

A high spatial resolution fully distributed linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) sensing method based on a dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed. Compared with the traditional distributed grating interrogation system, this work achieves fully distributed strain sensing based on the sensing principle of OEO and the wavelength-position one-toone mapping mechanism in LCFBG. The interrogation method is simple and fast by processing the sensing information in the RF domain. With the help of the dual-loop OEO, the frequency fluctuation of the signal is only 1.8% of that of the single loop OEO, which enhances the stability of the system and thus improves the measurement accuracy. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a non-uniform distributed strain sensing experiment was performed. The results show that a high spatial resolution of 0.29 mm and a sensing resolution of 0.6 mu epsilon were achieved over a length of 53 mm. The system provides a feasible solution for structural health monitoring (SHM).

关键词： Linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating distributed strain sensor microwave photonics optoelectronic oscillator

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Combining point and distributed strain sensor for complementary data-fusion: A multi-fidelity approach

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2021年 157卷

作者： Jin, Seung-Seop Kim, Sung Tae Park, Young-Hwan KICT Sustainable Infrastruct Res Ctr Goyang South Korea KICT Dept Infrastruct Safety Res Goyang South Korea

The aim of this paper is to develop a complementary data-fusion algorithm for monitoring of the strain over whole structural system. Point strain sensors measure accurate strains (high-accuracy) at discrete measurement positions (low-spatial resolution), while a distributed strain sensor enables a quasi-continuous distributed measurement (high-spatial resolution) with less accurate strains (low-accuracy). This study firstly investigates the complementary data-fusion for the point and distributed strain sensor to combine their advantages in order to obtain the accurate strain distribution (i.e., high-accuracy and high-spatial resolution). For this purpose, a traditional multi-fidelity data-fusion framework can be applied based on Gaussian process regression in the form of auto-regressive scheme. However, the traditional method is not efficient to learn complex cross correlations. To enable flexible learning for the complex cross-correlations, this study introduces a multi-fidelity data-fusion framework using the input-connected Gaussian process mapping. The numerical and experimental studies demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods with more accurate predictions by using fewer samples for the high-fidelity data. In this context, the proposed method has potential for monitoring the strain distribution over whole structural systems under limited budgets. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/). The aim of this paper is to develop a complementary data-fusion algorithm for monitoring of the strain over whole structural system. Point strain sensors measure accurate strains (high-accuracy) at discrete measurement positions (low-spatial resolution), while a distributed strain sensor enables a quasi-continuous distributed measurement (high-spatial resolution) with less accurate strains (low-accuracy). This study firstly investigates

关键词： Complementary data-fusion Structural monitoring Point distributed strain sensor Gaussian process regression Gaussian process mapping

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Real-Time distributed strain Sensing Using FPGA-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2025年 74卷

作者： Liang, Wenfa Fu, Cailing Meng, Yanjie Zhong, Huajian Peng, Zhenwei Shan, Rongyi Xiao, Shuai Kong, Yuhao Zhang, Zhicai Liao, Changrui He, Jun Wang, Yiping Shenzhen Univ Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn Guangdong & Hong Kong Joint Res Ctr Opt Fiber Sens Shenzhen Key Lab Photon Devices & Sensing Syst Int Shenzhen Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn Shenzhen Key Lab Ultrafast Laser Micro Nano Mfg Key Lab Optoelect Devices & SystMinist Educ Guang Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China China Nonferrous Met Guilin Geol & Min Co Ltd Guilin 541004 Guangxi Peoples R China Guangdong Lab Artificial Intelligence & Digital Ec Shenzhen 518107 Peoples R China

A real-time and high spatial resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) distributed strain sensing system that entirely employs a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for data acquisition and cross-correlation shift calculation was demonstrated. The key factors in achieving real-time OFDR are the use of 2-D fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and a parallel computing framework designed using DDR4. The effect of the total data size and the number of padded zeros on the FPGA processing time is studied. Compared to the serial computing of 1436 ms with a central processing unit (CPU), the processing time is reduced to 67 ms using FPGA, enhancing nearly 20 times. The two-point spatial resolution is 0.07 mm when the total data size is 4 MS. The strain standard deviation is 3.49 mu epsilon with a processing time of 268 ms using the proposed FPGA-based OFDR when the total data size is 1 MS and the sliding window is padded with zero to 8192.

关键词： distributed strain sensor field-programmable gate array (FPGA) optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR)

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Ultraviolet sensor Based on Conventional distributed Fiber-Optic strain sensor 24

Ultraviolet Sensor Based on Conventional Distributed Fiber-O...

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24th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) / International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (PSC)

作者： Ahn, Tae-Jung Seo, Gyeong-Seo Lim, Ok-Rak Chosun Univ Dept Photon Engn 309 Pilmun Daero Gwangju South Korea

A newly distributed UV light sensor based on a photo-mechanical polymer coated optical fiber and a conventional distributed fiber-optic strain sensor has been proposed.

ISBN: (纸本)9784885523212

A newly distributed UV light sensor based on a photo-mechanical polymer coated optical fiber and a conventional distributed fiber-optic strain sensor has been proposed.

关键词： Ultraviolet Fiber-optic sensor distributed strain sensor Azobenzene

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High-Spatial-Resolution strain sensor Based on Rayleigh-Scattering-Enhanced SMF Using Direct UV Exposure

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2023年第5期41卷 1566-1570页

作者： Du, Chao Fu, Cailing Li, Pengfei Meng, Yanjie Zhong, Huajian Du, Bin Guo, Kuikui Chen, Lin Wang, Yiping He, Jun Shenzhen Univ Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Optoelect Devices Syst Minist Educ & Guangdong Prov Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Guangdong & Hong Kong Joint Res Ctr Opt Fiber Sens Shenzhen Key Lab Photon Devices & Sensing Syst Int Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China

A high-spatial-resolution, i.e., 2.0 mm, strain sensor based on a Rayleigh-scattering-enhanced SMF, i.e., exposed SMF (E-SMF) with direct UV laser, was experimentally demonstrated. The enhancement of Rayleigh-scattering (RS) intensity could be tuned by adjusting the exposure parameters, i.e., distance between SMF and Phase mask, energy of UV laser and velocity of the SMF. A 1.0 m long E-SMF with a RS enhancement of 37.3 dB was obtained, where the exposure time was only 100 s. Compared with the un-exposed SMF (UE-SMF), the strain profiles of the E-SMF could be clearly demodulated without fluctuation at a spatial resolution of 2.0 mm using traditional cross-correlation algorithm when the applied strain was from 200 to 2600 mu epsilon.

关键词： Optical fiber sensors strain Fiber lasers Optical fiber polarization Measurement by laser beam Spatial resolution Rayleigh scattering distributed strain sensor optical frequency domain reflectometer UV exposure

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Diagnostics of Micropores in a Polymer Material with a Built-In Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating

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MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2022年第3期58卷 427-434页

作者： Pan'kov, A. A. Perm Natl Res Polytech Univ Perm Russia

A mathematical model for the diagnostics of technological defects (micropores) in a polymer material using built-in fiber-optic sensor with a long low-reflective Bragg grating is presented. The diagnostics is based on measuring the informative reflection spectrum of the Bragg grating at the output of the optical fiber. An algorithm for processing the strain spectrum was developed for the cases where the sensitive part of the optical fiber is located in the polymeric material in the deformation "disturbance zone" of the defect in the form of a spherical cavity. The diagnosable parameters were the defect size and location relative to the known length and location of the sensitive part. Results of a mathematical simulation of light and strain spectra along the sensitive part of the optical fiber, at various diagnosed distances from the optical fiber to the center of the spherical cavity in the polymer material are presented. A direct numerical solution (deconvolution) of the Fredholm integral equation is not considered here, and the reflection spectra, are obtained as convolutions with corresponding known strain spectra for the sensitive part of the fiber. The strain spectra were found using the solution of an elasticity theory problem for a "defective medium/fiber" domain.

关键词： optical fiber long Bragg grating distributed strain sensor flaw detection Fredholm integral equation mathematical modeling

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Novel Interrogation Method for Fully distributed LCFBG sensor Based on Microwave Photonic Filtering

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IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2022年第23期34卷 1304-1307页

作者： She, Yun Wang, Yiping Shi, Jingzhan Tian, Xiaozhong Zhu, Dan Nanjing Normal Univ Sch Comp & Elect Informat Jiangsu Key Lab Optoelect Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

A novel interrogation method for linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) based fully distributed strain sensor which can simultaneously determine strain value and recognize position is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Compared with the traditional distributed grating interrogation systems by analyzing the reflection spectrum of the LCFBG, the system is mainly based on frequency domain measurement from a microwave photonic filter (MPF) configuration, which has the features of fast responding and high resolution. By using this structure, when distributed strain is applied to the LCFBG, the reflective point on the LCFBG for a certain wavelength as well as the frequency response of the MPF will change. By detecting the resonance frequency shift of the MPF, the strain value can be achieved. Combined with the one-to-one correspondence between the wavelength and the spatial position of the LCFBG, the distributed strain profile along the LCFBG can be reconstructed. In a proof of concept experiment, interrogation of fully distributed grating sensors with ununiform strain distributions is experimentally demonstrated. A spatial resolution of similar to 0.2 mm over a gauge length of 27mm and a strain resolution of <1u epsilon have been achieved.

关键词： Linearly chirped fiber bragg grating distributed strain sensor microwave photonic filter

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RETROFITING EXISTING OPTICAL FIBER INFRASTRUCTURE TO MITIGATE GEOHAZARD RISK: THE TGP CASE

RETROFITING EXISTING OPTICAL FIBER INFRASTRUCTURE TO MITIGAT...

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4th ASME-ARPEL International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference (IPG)

作者： Ravet, Fabien Melo, Alberto Oliveros, Francisco Rochat, Etienne Omnisens Morges Switzerland Compania Operadora Gas Lima Peru

ISBN: (纸本)9780791885055

Optical fiber cables (OFC) are well known for their use in communications. They offer long distance and fast transmission rate capabilities. OFC are the perfect companion of hydrocarbon and water transport system as part of the physical layer of the communication services and SCADA of the operating companies. As an example, the TGP system has more than 1400 km of cables laid in its Right-of-Way (ROW) which are in use since the beginning of its operation in 2004. More recently OFC started to be used as sensors. In such applications, a communication cable (CC) can be turned into a continuous temperature sensor allowing for leak and erosion detection. A strain monitoring cable (SMC) can also be spliced to the CC for landslide and subsidence detection in selected areas. In the case of very large soil displacement, it is common to observe the strain induced on the CC. From what precedes, existing OFC infrastructures can be taken advantage of to retrofit pipelines with monitoring instrumentation. The current work describes how an existing CC is retrofitted to provide information about the TGP transport system's integrity. When accurate monitoring of a landslide is required, a dedicated sensing cable is installed locally and connected to the CC. Elsewhere the CC is being measured to detect and locate events as erosion or landslide in position where the geohazard risk present lower probability. Such approach not only improves geohazard risk management, but it also indicates early sign of stress on the cable that can lead to its rupture, mitigating service interruption probability.

关键词： geotechnical monitoring geohazard risk mitigation landslide subsidence erosion optical fiber sensors distributed temperature sensor distributed strain sensor Brillouin scattering

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On the Fluid Structure Interactions of a Wire-Wrapped Pin Bundle

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NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY 2020年第2期206卷 218-230页

作者： Nixon, C. A. Marcum, W. R. Steer, K. M. Jackson, R. B. Martin, M. G. Weiss, A. W. Oregon State Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Engn Corvallis OR 97331 USA TerraPower LLC Bellevue WA USA

Presently there exist no experimental methods readily available to characterize the comprehensive motion of wire-wrapped pins for the purpose of measuring fluid structure interactions. Specifically, the dearth of capabilities lies in the need to capture pin-to-pin interactions within the bundle that do not have visual access. This study leverages recent previous efforts that have demonstrated the successful use of a distributed strain sensor to characterize the motion of a single wire-wrapped pin under fluid flow and expands through the use of multiple instrumented pins to characterize the simultaneous motion of pin-to-pin interaction. The outcome of this study demonstrates the direct measurement of pin-to-pin contact, rubbing, and interaction over a range of relevant flow rates on a 19-pin wire-wrapped bundle.

关键词： Flow-induced vibration wire-wrapped pin distributed strain sensor fiber optics

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SIMPLE METHOD FOR DTS/DSS DATA INTERPRETATION: AN APPLICATION TO PIPELINE GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

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ASME/ARPEL International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference

作者： Ravet, Fabien Chin, Sanghoon Briffod, Fabien Rochat, Etienne Omnisens Morges VD Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780791859117

Geotechnical monitoring based on optical fiber sensor technology has been used over more than a decade to detect hazards than can affect the integrity of pipelines. In particular when these sensors are implemented in the form of distributed temperature and strain sensors, respectively known as DTS and DSS, they provide information about hazard location and spatial extension. In addition, these sensors can capture the speed at which the event developing in particular when implemented as a permanent monitoring solution. So far these sensors were implemented as part of an alarming system detecting events such as landslides, erosion and subsidence. The current work aims at presenting simple method to extract additional information about the hazard such as the amplitude of the soil displacement in the case of landslides and subsidence or dirt cover for erosion. Estimation of stress in soil is also discussed based on the cable strain-stress relation obtained from the sensing cable qualification. The approach is validated by academic works conducted in parallel of the technology development. The method use is then illustrated by its application to field data collected from several events occurred over the past 10 years.

关键词： geotechnical monitoring optical fiber sensors distributed strain sensor distributed temperature sensor

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