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distributed testing without encountering controllability and observability problems

INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS 2003年第3期88卷 133-141页

作者： Ural, H Whittier, D Univ Ottawa Sch Informat Technol & Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

The objective of testing is to determine whether a system under test conforms to its specification. In distributed test architectures that utilize remote testers, this objective can be complicated by the fact that testers may encounter problems relating to controllability and observability during the application of a test sequence. Existing solutions to these problems involve first constructing a test sequence from the specification of an implementation under test, and then inserting coordination messages or appending selected test subsequences that prevent the occurrences of controllability and observability problems during the application of the resulting test sequence. This paper proposes a method that utilizes a set of transformation rules to construct an auxiliary directed graph from a given specification, and constructs a rural Chinese postman tour in this graph to yield a minimum-length test sequence where there is no potential controllability or observability problems, and where the use of coordination messages is minimized. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed testing distributed test architectures distributed systems controllability and observability problems finite state machine test sequence construction

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distributed testing of an equipment-level interface specification 5

Distributed testing of an equipment-level interface specific...

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5th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time distributed Computing (ISORC 2002)

作者： Horst, J Kramer, T Stouffer, K Falco, J Huang, HM Proctor, F Wavering, A NIST Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA

A test suite for a key interface within a dimensional measuring system (coordinate measuring machine or CMM) is presented. The test suite consists of test procedures, test definitions, and various testing utilities. A... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0769515584

关键词： conformance test coordinate measuring machine distributed testing interface specifications metrology object-oriented real-time systems test suite validation test

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distributed testing with Zero-Rate Compression

Distributed Testing with Zero-Rate Compression

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

作者： Zhao, Wenwen Lai, Lifeng Worcester Polytech Inst Dept Elect & Comp Engn Worcester MA 01609 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467377041

Motivated by distributed inference over big datasets problems, we study multi-terminal distributed hypothesis testing problems in which each terminal has data related to only one random variable. We consider a case of practical interest in which each terminal is allowed to send zero-rate messages to a decision maker. Subject to a constraint that the error exponent of the type 1 error probability is larger than a certain level, we characterize the best error exponent of the type 2 error probability using basic properties of the r-divergent sequences.

关键词： distributed testing error exponent exponential-type constraint zero-rate compression

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Overcoming controllability problems in distributed testing from an input output transition system

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distributed COMPUTING 2012年第1期25卷 63-81页

作者： Hierons, Robert M. Brunel Univ Dept Informat Syst & Comp Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England

This paper concerns the testing of a system with physically distributed interfaces, called ports, at which it interacts with its environment. We place a tester at each port and the tester at port p observes events at p only. This can lead to controllability problems, where the observations made by the tester at a port p are not sufficient for it to be able to know when to send an input. It is known that there are test objectives, such as executing a particular transition, that cannot be achieved if we restrict attention to test cases that have no controllability problems. This has led to interest in schemes where the testers at the individual ports send coordination messages to one another through an external communications network in order to overcome controllability problems. However, such approaches have largely been studied in the context of testing from a deterministic finite state machine. This paper investigates the use of coordination messages to overcome controllability problems when testing from an input output transition system and gives an algorithm for introducing sufficient messages. It also proves that the problem of minimising the number of coordination messages used is NP-hard.

关键词： distributed testing Controllability problems Coordination messages Input output transition system

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Controllability and observability in distributed testing

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1999年第11-12期41卷 767-780页

作者： Cacciari, L Rafiq, O Univ Pau & Pays Adour Lab TASC Informat F-64000 Pau France

In developing distributed systems, current trends are towards creating open distributed environments supporting interworking, interoperability, and portability, in spite of heterogeneity and autonomy of related systems. Several reference models, architectures and frameworks such as ODP, CORBA, and TINA, have already been designed and proposed. However, even though models, architectures, and frameworks, provide a good basis for developing working open distributed applications, conformance testing approaches are required for gaining confidence in final products and guaranteeing their integration and interoperability within open distributed environment. ODP provides some preliminary statements on conformance assessment in open distributed systems, but considerable work needs to be done before reaching a workable and accepted conformance testing methodology for open distributed processing. Further, ISO, ITU, OMG, and TINA-C, have recently recognized the urgent need for conformance testing. In this paper, we examine ideas gained from our experience with protocol testing, which may contribute to the design of such a framework. Our methodology is essentially guided by two features that have a great influence on all aspects of the testing process: controllability and observability. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed systems conformance testing controllability observability centralized testing remote testing distributed testing multi-port finite state machine

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Generating Complete Controllable Test Suites for distributed testing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2015年第3期41卷 279-293页

作者： Hierons, Robert M. Brunel Univ Dept Comp Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England

A test suite is m-complete for finite state machine (FSM) M if it distinguishes betweenM and all faulty FSMs with m states or fewer. While there are several algorithms that generate m-complete test suites, they cannot be directly used in distributed testing since there can be additional controllability and observability problems. Indeed, previous results show that there is no general method for generating an m-complete test suite for distributed testing and so the focus has been on conditions under which this is possible. This paper takes a different approach, which is to generate what we call c(m)-complete test suites: controllable test suites that distinguish an FSM N with no more than m states fromM if this is possible in controllable testing. Thus, under the hypothesis that the system under test has no more than m states, a c(m)-complete test suite achieves as much as is possible given the restriction that testing should be controllable. We show how the problem of generating a c(m)-complete test suite can be mapped to the problem of generating an m-complete test suite for a partial FSM. Thus, standard test suite generation methods can be adapted for use in distributed testing.

关键词： Software engineering/software/program verification software engineering/testing and debugging systems and software distributed testing test suite generation checking experiment

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Test case prioritization and distributed testing of object-oriented program

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TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2019年第5期27卷 3582-3598页

作者： Kumar, Vipin K. S. Mathew, Sheena Govt Engn Coll Dept Comp Sci & Engn Trichur India Cochin Univ Sci & Technol Sch Engn Dept Comp Sci & Engn Cochin Kerala India

Software systems have increased in size and complexity. As a result, object-oriented programming (OOP) is increasingly being used in the development of such large and complex systems. Traditional procedural programming requires a design method that follows a sequential flow of control, which is difficult to follow in the case of large systems design. Thinking in terms of real-life objects and their interactions makes design easier in the case of OOP. However, OOP comes with its own set of disadvantages and testing is one of them. testing of such systems requires much more effort and time. In our approach the program is analyzed to build a system dependence graph-based model. This model is analyzed for test script generation and to find state-save points within the program where the state of the program can be saved and reused for executing another test case. The test cases are prioritized looking at the structural complexity of the program. The distributed testing presented here is different from traditional distributed testing, where they address testing of web and distributed applications. The distributed architecture developed in this work enables testing of OOP in an efficient manner. The concept is implemented for Java programs as there is support for continuation.

关键词： distributed testing system dependence graph test case prioritization test script object-oriented program testing

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Coordination algorithm for distributed testing

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2003年第2期24卷 203-211页

作者： Rafiq, O Cacciari, L Univ Pau & Pays Adour Lab TASC F-64000 Pau France

With the emergence of new models, architectures and middleware such as ODP, TINA and CORBA, for developing open distributed systems, testing technology requires adaptation for use within conformance assessment in such systems. All these frameworks are object-based and aim at creating open distributed environments supporting interworking, interoperability, and portability, in spite of heterogeneity and autonomy of the related systems. In this context, an open distributed system may be viewed as a system providing standardized distributed interfaces for interacting with other systems. Conformance of such a system can be assessed by attaching a related tester at each provided interface. However, many problems of controllability and observability influencing fault detection during the testing process, arise if there is no coordination between the testers. In this paper, we show how to cope with these problems by using test coordination procedures in a distributed testing architecture.

关键词： distributed testing testing architecture controllability observability test coordination procedures

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A More Precise Implementation Relation for distributed testing

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2016年第1期59卷 33-46页

作者： Hierons, Robert M. Brunel Univ London Dept Comp Sci Uxbridge Middx England

There has been significant interest in distributed testing from an input-output transition system. Previous work introduced an implementation relation dioco that was defined in terms of an equivalence relation on traces (sequences of observations). This paper considers an alternative approach in which an observation made in testing is a tuple of local traces, one for each tester. This paper defines such an implementation relation dioco(0) in terms of the possible observations regarding the system under test and the specification. It shows that dioco(0) is strictly weaker than dioco but is equivalent to dioco if processes cannot be output-divergent. Interestingly, this shows that the previous definition of dioco is too strong for output-divergent processes. We also prove that the Oracle problem is NP-complete but can be solved in polynomial time if there is an upper bound on the number of local testers.

关键词： distributed testing model-based testing software testing

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A temporal based approach for MapReduce distributed testing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL EMERGENT AND distributed SYSTEMS 2021年第4期36卷 293-311页

作者： Hsaini, Sara Azzouzi, Salma Charaf, My El Hassan Ibn Tofail Univ Fac Sci Kenitra Morocco

Over the last few years, there has been a rising trend towards the field of distributed testing where the implementation under test (IUT) has physical distributed ports. However, running several testers in such ports can lead to a number of coordination and synchronisation issues between these remote testers. We suggest in previous works to cope with these problems by enhancing the test architecture with some timing constraints. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm to generate local timed test sequences so as to describe the behaviour of the test at each port. We aim through this algorithm to reduce the number of messages exchanged among the testers. Moreover, we illustrate our approach through a case study using MapReduce architecture with several worker components. These systems commonly encounter failures as a result of several circumstances, such as hardware faults, power outages, or network connection delays. To this end, we set the temporal properties in the specification of these systems. Then, we apply our algorithm to derive the related timed local test sequences. Furthermore, we explain how to apply our approach in the case of MapReduce testing to identify faulty workers, in order to reschedule their tasks to a healthy worker. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： distributed testing coordination synchronization timing constraints MapReduce

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