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distributed video coding supporting hierarchical GOP structures with transmitted motion vectors

EURASIP JOURNAL ON IMAGE AND video PROCESSING 2015年第1期2015卷 1页

作者： Min, Kyung-Yeon Lim, Woong Nam, Junghak Sim, Donggyu Bajic, Ivan V. Kwangwoon Univ Dept Comp Engn Seoul South Korea Simon Fraser Univ Sch Engn Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

In this paper, we propose a new distributed video coding (DVC) method, with hierarchical group of picture (GOP) structure. coding gain of DVC can be significantly improved by enlarging GOP size for slow-moving frames. The proposed DVC decoder estimates a side information (SI) frame and transmits motion vectors (MVs) of the SI to the proposed encoder. Using the received MVs from the decoder, the proposed encoder can generate a predicted SI (PSI), which is the same as the SI in the decoder, and estimate the quality of PSI with minimal computational complexity. The proposed method decides the best coding mode among key, Wyner-Ziv (WZ), and skip modes, by estimating rate-distortion costs. Based on the selected best coding mode, the best GOP size can be automatically determined. As the GOP size is adaptively decided depending on the SI quality, entropy and parity bits can be effectively consumed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is around 0.80 dB better in Bjontegaard delta (BD) bitrate than an existing conventional DVC system.

关键词： video coding distributed video coding Side information GOP RD competition

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distributed video coding: Assessing the HEVC upgrade

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2015年 32卷 81-105页

作者： Brites, Catarina Pereira, Fernando Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecomunicacoes Lisbon Portugal

In the distributed video coding (DVC) context, predictive Intra coding plays an important role not only as one of the most meaningful (low encoding complexity) benchmarks but also as the adopted coding mode for the so-called key frames used in the most popular DVC architectures. While the first DVC codecs adopted the H.263 Intra codec to play this role, it became clear around 2005 that the (standard) Intra coding reference codec had evolved and should become the H.264/AVC Intra codec, which has been used since then by the DVC literature. However, while DVC solutions have been evolving since those times, also predictive video coding has evolved and a new predictive video coding standard has recently emerged, the High Efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. To acknowledge this evolution and be fair with the predictive coding technology, the improved DVC solutions should now integrate and be compared with the improved and more relevant HEVC standard and not anymore with the H.264/AVC 10-year-old standard. In this context, this paper proposes to upgrade the DVC tools and benchmarking by adopting the HEVC Intra codec to take the role that the H.264/AVC Intra standard was previously playing. To assess the impact of this inevitable upgrade, an advanced, representative DVC solution has been adopted and its performance assessed and compared in the context of the H.264/AVC and HEVC standard frameworks. The compression efficiency and computational complexity experiments performed allow concluding that upgrading DVC solutions with HEVC Intra coding allows strengthening the DVC positioning in the video coding landscape. This conclusion highlights how the experiments performed in this paper are critical to define the new DVC status quo. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed video coding Wyner-Ziv video coding HEVC standard Compression efficiency Computational complexity analysis Benchmarking

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distributed video coding scheme of multimedia data compression algorithm for wireless sensor networks

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2019年第1期2019卷 1页

作者： Ma, Ning China Univ Petr Coll Sci Beijing Peoples R China

The emergence of multimedia data has enriched people's lives and work and has penetrated into education, finance, medical, military, communications, and other industries. The text data takes up a small space, and the network transmission speed is fast. However, due to its richness, the multimedia data makes it occupy an ample space. Some high-definition multimedia information even reaches the GB level, and the multimedia data network transmission is relatively slow. Compared with the traditional scalar data, the multimedia data better describes the characteristics of the transaction, but at the same time, the multimedia data itself has a large capacity and must be compressed. Nodes of wireless multimedia sensor networks have limited ability to process data. Traditional data compression schemes require high processing power of nodes and are not suitable for sensor networks. Therefore, distributed video codec scheme in recent years becomes one of the hot multimedia sensor network technologies, which is a simple coding scheme, coding complexity of decoding performance. In this paper, distributed video codec and its associated knowledge based on the study present a distributed video coding scheme and its improvements. Aiming at the problem that the traditional distributed video coding scheme cannot accurately decode the motion severe region and the boundary region, a distributed video coding algorithm based on gradient-domain ROI is proposed, which can enhance the coding efficiency of the severe motion region and improve the decoded image while reducing the code rate and quality, ultimately reducing sensor node energy consumption.

关键词： Sensation multimedia network device Data compression Region of interest distributed video coding

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distributed video coding: an overview of basics, research issues and solutions

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AD HOC AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2012年第4期9卷 258-271页

作者： Ji, Wen Chen, Min Park, James J. Xiong, Naixue Chen, Yiqiang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 139143 South Korea Georgia State Univ Dept Comp Sci Atlanta GA 30303 USA

distributed video coding (DVC) is an emerging field that offers a brand-new paradigm for answering challenging questions in video coding applications. The unique potentials of DVC lie in its particular structure, targeting low encoding complexity and error robustness. DVC shows good prospects especially in wireless video sensor network, video monitoring, mobile camera, satellitic video communication and the other energy supply limited video applications. There has been amount of activities both in research and industry. Following the evolving stages, this paper provides an overview of DVC, including the theoretical foundation: Slepian-Wolf Theorem and Wyner-Ziv Theorem, the framework foundation: distributed Source coding (DSC) and the relation between DSC and DVC, and unique technologies comparison to conventional compressed method, including side information, channel coding, joint decoding and motion estimation, which highlight critical research issues. Additionally, five representative encoder are introduced as implementation aspects. Finally, several active research areas in the state of the art are reviewed with open challenging issues.

关键词： DVC distributed video coding Slepian-Wolf theorem Wyner-Ziv theorem side information

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distributed video coding: Selecting the most promising application scenarios

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2008年第5期23卷 339-352页

作者： Pereira, Fernando Torres, Luis Guillemot, Christine Ebrahimi, Touradj Leonardi, Riccardo Klomp, Sven Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecomunicacoes Lisbon Portugal Tech Univ Catalonia Catalonia Spain Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Univ Brescia I-25121 Brescia Italy Leibniz Univ Hannover Hannover Germany

distributed video coding (DVC) is a new video coding paradigm based on two major Information Theory results: the Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theorems. Recently, practical DVC solutions have been proposed with promising results;however, there is still a need to study in a more systematic way the set of application scenarios for which DVC may bring major advantages. This paper intends to contribute for the identification of the most DVC friendly application scenarios, highlighting the expected benefits and drawbacks for each studied scenario. This selection is based on a proposed methodology which involves the characterization and clustering of the applications according to their most relevant characteristics, and their matching with the main potential DVC benefits. (C )2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed video coding Wyner-Ziv video coding application scenarios

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distributed video coding using interval overlapped arithmetic coding

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2019年 76卷 118-124页

作者： Zhou, Junwei Fu, Yincheng Yang, Yanchao Ho, Anthony T. S. Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China Univ Surrey Dept Comp Sci Guildford Surrey England

distributed video coding (DVC) is a flexible and novel video coding mode that is different from traditional video compression methods, which can shift the complex task such as motion estimation from encoder to decoder. Nowadays, most of the DVC architectures adopt channel coding such as low-density parity-check codes. It is found that arithmetic coding can be also extended to compress correlated sources and even has better performance than the channel coding for short to medium block length sources. Therefore, we propose a DVC scheme using interval overlapped arithmetic coding that is distributed arithmetic coding (DAC) without feedback channel, where the Key frames are compressed using traditional video coder while the Wyner-Ziv frames are compressed using DAC. We compare the rate-distortion performance of the proposed scheme with the state-of-the-arts, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is competitive. The source code for this scheme is available in GitHub.

关键词： distributed video coding distributed arithmetic coding video coding Arithmetic coding

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distributed video coding based on lossy syndromes generated in hybrid pixel/transform domain

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2013年第6期28卷 553-568页

作者： Milani, Simone Calvagno, Giancarlo Univ Padua Dept Informat Engn I-35131 Padua Italy

A recently proposed class of distributed source coding based video coders enables low-complexity compression and robust transmission over unreliable channels. These architectures process the video signal either in the pixel or in the transform domain generating some side information that permits a correct decoding of the coded image from a set of possible correlated sources. The approach proposed in this paper processes the video sequence both in the pixel and in the transform domain exploiting the advantages of both schemes and generating a set of lossy syndromes. The resulting video coding scheme requires a lower computational complexity at the decoder with respect to their transform-domain counterparts (like DISCOVER or PRISM) and provides a high compression gain and an increased robustness against channel losses. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed video coding Lossy syndromes H.264/AVC Hybrid domain Low-complexity

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distributed video coding With Feedback Channel Constraints

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2012年第7期22卷 1014-1026页

作者： Slowack, Juergen Skorupa, Jozef Deligiannis, Nikos Lambert, Peter Munteanu, Adrian Van de Walle, Rik Univ Ghent Multimedia Lab Dept Elect & Informat Syst B-9050 Ledeberg Ghent Belgium Interdisciplinary Inst Broadband Technol B-9050 Ledeberg Ghent Belgium Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Elect & Informat B-1050 Brussels Belgium

Many of the distributed video coding (DVC) systems described in the literature make use of a feedback channel from the decoder to the encoder to determine the rate. However, the number of requests through the feedback channel is often high, and as a result the overall delay of the system could be unacceptable in practical applications. As a solution, feedback-free DVC systems have been proposed, but the problem with these solutions is that they incorporate a difficult trade-off between encoder complexity and compression performance. Recognizing that a limited form of feedback may be supported in many video-streaming scenarios, in this paper we propose a method for constraining the number of feedback requests to a fixed maximum number of N requests for an entire Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frame. The proposed technique estimates the WZ rate at the decoder using information obtained from previously decoded WZ frames and defines the N requests by minimizing the expected rate overhead. Tests on eight sequences show that the rate penalty is less than 5% when only five requests are allowed per WZ frame (for a group of pictures of size four). Furthermore, due to improvements from previous work, the system is able to perform better than or similar to DISCOVER even when up to two requests per WZ frame are allowed. The practical usefulness of the proposed approach is studied by estimating end-to-end delay and encoder buffer requirements, indicating that DVC with constrained feedback can be an important solution in the context of video-streaming scenarios.

关键词： distributed video coding feedback channel rate estimation

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distributed video coding based on classification of frequency bands with block texture conditioned key frame encoder for wireless capsule endoscopy

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BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL 2020年第0期60卷 101940-101940页

作者： Sushma, B. Aparna, P. Natl Inst Technol Karnataka Surathkal Dept Elect & Commun Engn Image Proc & Anal Lab iPAL Mangalore 575025 Karnataka India

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has provided remarkable improvement in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders by scanning the entire digestive tract. The system still need refinement, to upgrade the quality of images, frame rate and battery life. The principal component of the system that can address these issues is low complexity video compressor. Motivated by low computational complexity requirements of WCE video encoding, this paper presents a distributed video coding framework based on frequency bands classification. The lower frequency bands are used to generate good quality side information (SI) as they exhibit high temporal correlation. This reduces the complexity of hash generation at the encoder, thus eliminating the latency in SI creation. Apart from this, SI creation involves only a simple block search and doesn't depend on Wyner-Ziv (WZ) bands. Also different approach for distributed coding of sub-sampled chroma components of WZ frame is proposed. Low complexity JPEG based key frame encoding is proposed that take advantage of WCE image textural properties to reduce the complexity of encoding smooth blocks by 81% at the quantization and encoding stage. Other novel features include use of discrete Tchebichef transform (DTT), Golomb-Rice code for entropy coding. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed method achieves 60% improvement in compression over Motion JPEG with low computational complexity. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wireless capsule endoscopy distributed video coding Discrete Tchebichef transform Block classification Frequency bands Hash Side information

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distributed video coding based on vector quantization: Application to capsule endoscopy

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2017年 49卷 14-26页

作者： Boudechiche, Djamel Eddine Benierbah, Said Khamadja, Mohammed Mentouri Univ Constantine Elect Dept SP Lab Constantine Algeria Larbi Ben Mhidi Univ Oum el Bouaghi SP Lab Oum El Bouaghi Algeria Larbi Ben Mhidi Univ Oum el Bouaghi Elect Engn Dept Oum El Bouaghi Algeria

We present in this paper a new distributed video coding (DVC) architecture for wireless capsule endoscopy. It is based on the state of the art DVC systems, but without using key frames. Instead, it uses an adapted vector quantization (VQ) with a searching complexity that is shifted to the decoder. VQ. allows creating a good side information (SI) by exploiting the similarities in human anatomy. Thus, SI is created from a codebook (CB) rather than by motion compensated prediction. This approach decreases largely the complexity of the encoder, which codes only Wyner-Ziv frames, and allows a progressive decoding. The encoder of the proposed DVC generates only a simple hash that is used by the decoder to select the corresponding VQ codeword. The obtained experimental results show that rate-distortion results are better than those of JPEG, and show the possibility of using scalable coding to control the used rate and energy. (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed video coding Wireless capsule endoscopy Vector quantization Side information Image compression

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