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Optimal-correlation-based reconstruction for distributed compressed video sensing

JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2015年第Aug.期31卷 197-207页

作者： Liu, Haixiao Song, Bin Tian, Fang Qin, Hao Liu, Xiao Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Telecommun & Informat Engn Nanjing 210003 Jiangsu Peoples R China

distributed compressed video sensing (DCVS) is a framework that integrates both compressed sensing and distributed video coding characteristics to achieve a low-complexity video coding. However, how to design an efficient joint reconstruction by leveraging more realistic signal models is still an open challenge. In this paper, we present a novel optimal-correlation-based reconstruction method for compressively sampled videos from multiple measurement vectors. In our method, the sparsity is mainly exploited through inter-signal correlations rather than the traditional frequency transform, wherein the optimization is not only over the signal space to satisfy data consistency but also over all possible linear correlation models to achieve minimum-l(1)-norm correlation noise. Additionally, a two-phase Bregman iterative based algorithm is outlined for solving the optimization problem. Simulation results show that our proposal can achieve an improved reconstruction performance in comparison to the conventional approaches, and especially, offer a 0.7-9.9 dB gain in the average PSNR for DCVS. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressed sensing distributed video coding Bregman iteration Correlation model Spatial/temporal redundancy Joint reconstruction Optimal-correlation-based Inter-signal correlation

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Evaluating a feedback channel based transform domain Wyner-Ziv video codec

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2008年第4期23卷 269-297页

作者： Brites, Catarina Ascenso, Joao Pedro, Jose Quintas Pereira, Fernando Univ Tecn Lisboa Inst Telecommun Inst Super Tecn P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Engn Lisboa Inst Telecommun P-1959007 Lisbon Portugal

Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding-a particular case of distributed video coding (DVC)-is a new video coding paradigm based on two major Information Theory results: the Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theorems. In recent years, some practical WZ video coding solutions have been proposed with promising results. One of the most popular WZ video coding architectures in the literature uses turbo codes based Slepian-Wolf coding and a feedback channel to perform rate control at the decoder. This WZ video coding architecture has been first proposed by researchers at Stanford University and has been after adopted and improved by many research groups around the world. However, while there are many papers published with changes and improvements to this architecture, the precise and detailed evaluation of its performance, targeting its deep understanding for future advances, has not been made. Available performance results are mostly partial, under unclear and incompatible conditions, using vaguely defined and also sometimes architecturally unrealistic codec solutions. This paper targets the provision of a detailed, clear, and complete performance evaluation of an advanced transform domain WZ video codec derived front the Stanford turbo coding and feedback channel based architecture. Although the WZ video codec, proposed for this evaluation is among the best available, the main purpose and novelty of this paper is the solid and comprehensive performance evaluation made which will provide a strong, and very much needed, performance reference for researchers in this WZ video coding field, as well as a solid way to steer future WZ video coding research. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed video coding Wyner-Ziv video coding turbo coding performance evaluation

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Efficient reconstruction scheme for transform domain Wyner-Ziv video coding

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2010年第4期17卷 52-57页

作者： WANG Feng-qin FAN Yang-yu JIA Meng CHEN Yan School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China School of Computer and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China

To minimize the errors of the reconstructed values and improve the quality of decoded image, an efficient reconstruction scheme for transform domain Wyner-Ziv （WZ） video coding is proposed. The reconstruction scheme exploits temporal correlation of the coefficient bands, the WZ decoded bits stream and the side information efficiently. When side information is outside the decoded quantization bin, the reconstructed value is derived using expectation of the WZ decoded bit stream and the side information. When side information is within the decoded quantization bin, the reconstructed value is derived using the biased predictor. Simulation results show that the proposed reconstruction scheme gains up to 1.32 dB compared with the commonly used boundary reconstruction scheme at the same bit rates and similar computation cost.

关键词： distributed video coding WZ video coding, transform domain reconstruction

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Progressively refined scheme for wireless video sensor networks

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND video PROCESSING 2022年第6期16卷 1435-1442页

作者： Yang, Hong Qing, Linbo Yang, Jia He, Xiaohai Sichuan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn 24 South Sect 11st Ring Rd Chengdu 610065 Sichuan Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Informat Technol 24 Block 1Xuefu Rd Chengdu 610225 Peoples R China

In Wireless video Sensor Networks (WVSNs), the performance of video coding is typically influenced by the condition of wireless channels and the limited battery energy available at the sensor nodes. In order to deal with the video transmission, wireless channel losses and coding complexity issues in WVSNs, this paper proposes a novel Progressively Refined Scheme (PRS) in the context of a distributed video coding (DVC) system. The main contributions include: (1) An Error Concealment (EC) algorithm as the first step of the PRS;(2) The design of the Repair Layers (RLs) based on Parallel Irregular Repeat Accumulate (PIRA) codes;(3) The progressive decoder of the PRS based on the refinement of Bit Planes (BP). The proposed PRS can significantly improve the quality of the Side Information (SI) and the reconstructed frames, thus leading to better Rate-Distortion (RD) performance for the distributed video coding system. Experimental results show that the proposed PRS can achieve much better performance than the non-PRS in the presence of losses. In particular, the PSNR is increased by about 2 dB similar to 5 dB by adding 300kbps similar to 400kbps RLs and the RD performance of the whole DVC system is increased by about 2 similar to 3 dB PSNR for the same bit rate or, conversely, bit rate savings equal to about 50% are possible when compared with non-PRS based systems.

关键词： Wireless video sensors networks distributed video coding Wyner-Ziv frame Key frame Error concealment Progressive refinement Robust transmission

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Wyner-Ziv to Baseline H.264 video Transcoder

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2012年第1期2012卷 1-19页

作者： Corrales-Garcia, Alberto Luis Martinez, Jose Fernandez-Escribano, Gerardo Miguel Villalon, Jose Kalva, Hari Cuenca, Pedro Univ Castilla La Mancha I3A Albacete 02071 Spain Florida Atlantic Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Boca Raton FL 34341 USA

Mobile-to-mobile video communications is one of the most requested services which operator networks can offer. However, in a framework where one mobile device sends video information to another, both transmitter and receptor should employ video encoders and decoders with low complexity. On the one hand, traditional video codecs, such as H.264, are based on architectures which have encoders with higher complexity than decoders. On the other hand, Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding (a particular case of distributed video coding) is an innovative paradigm, which provides encoders with less complexity than decoders. Taking advantage of both paradigms, in terms of low complexity algorithms, a suitable solution consists in transcoding from WZ to H.264. Nevertheless, the transcoding process should be carried out in an efficient way so as to avoid major delays in communication;in other words, the transcoding process should perform the conversion without requiring the complete process of decoding and re-encoding. Based on all the algorithms and techniques we have proposed before, a low complexity WZ to H.264 Transcoder for the Baseline Profile is proposed in this article. Firstly, the proposed transcoder can efficiently turn every WZ group of pictures into the common H.264 I11P pattern and, secondly, the proposed transcoder is based on the hypothesis that macroblock coding mode decisions in H.264 video have a high correlation with the distribution of the side information residual in WZ video. The proposed algorithm selects one sub-set of the several coding modes in H.264. Moreover, a dynamic motion estimation technique is proposed in this article for use in combination with the above algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed transcoder reduces the inter prediction complexity in H.264 by up to 93%, while maintaining coding efficiency.

关键词： distributed video coding Wyner-Ziv H.264 Advanced video coding Machine learning Motion vectors Transcoding

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An elastic net-based hybrid hypothesis method for compressed video sensing

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2015年第6期74卷 2085-2108页

作者： Chen, Jian Chen, Yunzheng Qin, Dong Kuo, Yonghong Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xian 710071 Peoples R China

Compressed Sensing, an emerging framework for signal processing, can be used in image and video application, especially when available resources at the transmitter side are limited, such as Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. For a low-cost and low-power demand, we consider the plain compressive sampling and low sampling rates and propose a Compressed video Sensing scheme. As a result, most burden of video processing can be shifted to the decoder which employs a hybrid hypothesis prediction method in reconstruction. The Elastic net-based multi-hypothesis mode, one part of the prediction method, combines the multi-hypothesis prediction and the elastic net regression together. And in the process of decoding, either this mode or the single-hypothesis one is implemented based on the threshold which is selected from [1e-11, 1). Both of the prediction modes are carried out in the measurement domain and a residual reconstruction as the final step is executed to accomplish the recovery. According to the performance presented by the simulation results, the proposed multi-hypothesis mode provides a better reconstruction quality than the other multi-hypothesis ones and the proposed scheme outperforms the observed state-of-the-art schemes for compressed-sensing video reconstruction at low sampling rates.

关键词： Compressed sensing distributed video coding Elastic net Hypothesis prediction Wireless multimedia sensor networks

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Multiview side information creation for efficient Wyner-Ziv video coding: Classifying and reviewing

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2015年 30卷 1-36页

作者： Brites, Catarina Pereira, Fernando Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecommun Lisbon Portugal

In recent years, the interest in multiview video systems has increased. In these systems, a typical predictive coding approach exploits the inter-view correlation at a joint encoder, requiring the various cameras to communicate among them. However, many applications ask for simple sensing systems preventing the various cameras to communicate among them, and thus the adoption of a predictive coding approach. Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding is a promising solution for those applications since it is the WZ decoder task to (fully or partly) exploit the video redundancy. The rate-distortion (RD) performance of WZ video coding strongly depends on the quality of the so-called side information (51), which is a decoder estimate of the original frame to code. In multiview WZ (MV-WZ) video coding, the target is to exploit in the best way the available correlation not only in time, as for the monoview case, but also between views. Thus, the multiview SI results from the fusion of a temporally created SI and an inter-view created SI. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to propose a classification taxonomy to organize the many interview SI creation and SI fusion techniques available in the literature and to review the most relevant techniques in each class. The inter-view SI creation techniques are classified into two classes, notably matching and scene geometry based, while the SI fusion techniques are classified into three classes, notably time, view and time-view driven. After reviewing the most relevant inter-view SI creation and SI fusion techniques guided by the proposed classification taxonomy, conclusions are drawn about the current status quo, thus allowing to better identify the next research challenges in the multiview WZ video coding paradigm. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wyner-Ziv video coding distributed video coding Multiview video Inter-view side information creation Side information fusion Compression efficiency

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An Efficient Encoder Rate Control Solution for Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2011年第9期21卷 1278-1292页

作者： Brites, Catarina Pereira, Fernando Inst Telecomun Inst Super Tecn P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

Most Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding solutions in the literature use a feedback channel (FC) based decoder rate control (DRC) strategy to adjust the bitrate to correct the side information (SI) errors. More recently, some encoder rate control (ERC) strategies have been proposed to address application scenarios where a FC is not available. The ERC based WZ video coding RD performance depends not only on the (encoder) parity rate estimator (PRE) accuracy but also on the decoder "intelligence" in dealing with the residual errors due to parity rate underestimation. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to propose a more efficient and powerful ERC solution for transform domain WZ (TDWZ) video coding by simultaneously tackling the two issues aforementioned with the following technical novelty: 1) integration in an ERC context of Gray mapping for the quantized DCT coefficients to enhance the correlation between WZ and SI data;2) more accurate PRE to better estimate the needed parity rate to avoid undesired parity rate underestimations and overestimations;3) novel soft reconstruction function to reduce the impact of the residual bitplane errors in the decoded WZ frame quality;and 4) weighted overlapped block motion compensation technique to refine the SI used in an iterative WZ decoding framework with the correlation noise model parameters dynamically updated. Experimental results show a considerable RD performance improvement with a reduction of up to about 2 dB of the gap between the ERC and DRC based approaches in TDWZ video coding solutions, thus making this ERC based WZ codec the most efficient available and competitive regarding DRC based WZ video coding solutions.

关键词： distributed video coding encoder rate control side information refinement soft reconstruction transform domain Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding

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Machine learning-based fast transcoding for low-power video communication in Internet of Things

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND video PROCESSING 2022年第8期16卷 2183-2191页

作者： Yang, Jia He, Pi-Yan Yang, Hong Xue, Ya-Juan Jin, Yan-Hua Chengdu Univ Informat Technol Coll Commun Engn Chengdu 610225 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Aiming at the low-power video communication with low latency at resource-constrained terminals in the Internet of Things, a machine learning-based fast transcoding from distributed video coding (DVC) to high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) is put forward. In order to accelerate the transcoding, the DVC decoding information is efficiently exploited to reduce HEVC encoding complexity at both levels of coding unit (CU) and prediction unit (PU). First of all, the predictions of CU partition and PU modes are regarded as two binary classification tasks. Subsequently, the initial features are extracted from the DVC decoding information and the support vector machine (SVM)-recursive feature elimination algorithm is adopted to select feature vectors to construct the training data which is used to train the SVM classifiers for CU and PU, respectively. By means of the top-down division prediction method, the CU partition is first determined by the trained SVM classifier. For the CUs which are not further split, the PU modes will be predicted to terminate the quad-tree coding process of HEVC in advance, so that HEVC encoding complexity is reduced. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce 57.64% computational complexity on average with Bjontegaard delta bit-rate 2.43%. In terms of transcoding time efficiency, the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art fast DVC to HEVC transcoding algorithms based on machine learning.

关键词： Low-power video coding Wyner-Ziv video coding distributed video coding High-efficiency video coding Transcoding

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An Improved Decoding Algorithm for DVC Over Multipath Error Prone Wireless Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2009年第10期19卷 1543-1548页

作者： Yasakethu, S. L. P. Weerakkody, W. A. R. J. Fernando, W. A. C. Pereira, F. Kondoz, A. M. Univ Surrey CCSR Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecomunicacoes P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

This letter presents an improved decoding algorithm for distributed video coding (DVC) for enhanced performance over error prone wireless channels with multipath fading. The effects of the channel errors on both Wyner-Ziv and key frame bit streams are considered and novel noise models are proposed together with the associated modifications to the decoding algorithm. Simulations are performed using a W-CDMA wireless channel and the results are analyzed to determine the effect of each individual modification. State-of-the-art H.264/AVC is also considered under similar conditions for the comparison. The simulation results show that the proposed modifications provide a significant improvement in the DVC codec performance under unfavorable channel conditions.

关键词： distributed video coding multipath channels Wyner-Ziv coding

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