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Toward fast Wyner-Ziv video decoding on multicore processors

MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2014年第3期68卷 717-745页

作者： Corrales-Garcia, Alberto Luis Martinez, Jose Fernandez-Escribano, Gerardo Quiles, Francisco J. Univ Castilla La Mancha Inst Invest Informat Albacete Albacete 02071 Spain

The Wyner-Ziv video coding paradigm provides a framework where most of the complexity is moved from the encoder to the decoder. In this way, Wyner-Ziv coding efficiently supports multimedia services for mobile devices which have to capture, encode and send video. However, the complexity of the decoder is quite high and it should be reduced. This work presents several parallel Wyner-Ziv decoding algorithms aimed at reducing this high complexity. Considering the fact that technological advances provide us new hardware which supports parallel data processing, these algorithms efficiently distribute the burden of the complexity over the number of cores which are available in the architecture. Particularly four parallel approaches have been proposed and analyzed. In the first parallel approach, the each bitplane of a frame could be decoded in a parallel way by a different core, achieving a time reduction of 33.21 % in average, although it depends on the number of bitplanes used. The second approach proposes a spatial distribution of each frame, avoiding dependences between bitplanes and then obtaining a time reduction of 67 % in average. The third approach executes each GOP in a parallel way, avoiding all synchronization dependences and achieving 71 % of time reduction in average, although the maximum performance is reached when the key frame buffer is full. Finally, the last approach distributes the burden of complexity over two levels, namely GOP and frame, in order to obtain the advantages of both: a negligible rate distortion penalty based on the GOP approach, and a low delay introduced by the spatial distribution approach. By using this parallel approach, the decoding time is reduced up to 76 %. In addition, by using parallel decoding, 60 % of the energy consumption is saved. The proposed methods are scalable for any multicore processor architecture and adaptable for different Wyner-Ziv decoding schemes.

关键词： Wyner-Ziv distributed video coding Parallel computing OpenMP Multicore processors

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A mixed framework for transform domain Wyner-Ziv video coding

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OPTIK 2013年第21期124卷 4929-4938页

作者： Rup, Suvendu Majhi, Banshidhar Int Inst Informat Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bhubaneswar Orissa India Natl Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Rourkela India

This paper presents a mixed framework based on an efficient intra key frame coding and an improved side information (SI) generation scheme in transform domain Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding. The performance of the WZ video coding strongly depends on the quality of the SI. The SI can be generated from the decoded key frames resulted from intra key frame video coding. The better the decoded key frames are the better would be the SI generation. In this paper, a Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) based intra-frame video coding is proposed to generate improved decoded key frames. Furthermore, an improved SI generation scheme with multilayer perceptron (MLP) is proposed. Comparative analysis with other standard techniques of WZ video coding reveals that the proposed scheme has better standing as compared to its counterparts in terms of both coding efficiency and improved perceptual quality. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed video coding Wyner-Ziv video coding Side information Burrows-Wheeler transform Multilayer perceptron

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A frame-level encoder rate control scheme for transform domain Wyner-Ziv video coding

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第20期76卷 20567-20585页

作者： Chen, Jian Zheng, Shuai Hu, Qing Kuo, Yonghong Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Available distributed video coding codecs are mostly based on decoder rate control scheme where the parity bits for decoding can be achieved over a feedback channel. Meanwhile, the frequent requests over feedback channel increase the transmission delay. The feedback-free distributed video coding, relying on encoder rate control in literatures, has overcome the aforementioned shortcoming. However, when performing parity bitrate estimation and other operations, the feedback-free distributed video coding systems based on bit-plane usually require high precision of bitrate estimation and high quality of side information at the encoder. In this paper, we propose a frame-level distributed video coding system based on encoder rate control. The innovations include three parts: 1) an adaptive coding mode selection algorithm is proposed, which utilizes both temporal and spatial correlation and reduces the complexity of encoder;2) a bit-plane rearrangement method is adopted, which makes the coding rate on each bit-plane homogeneous and effectively reduces the accuracy requirement of the parity bitrate prediction and improves the efficiency of rate estimation;3) a frame-level parity bitrate estimation scheme is presented to enhance the efficiency of rate estimation on the basis of a look-up table. Numerical results verify that the proposed scheme remarkably improves the rate distortion performance of distributed video coding at low bitrate.

关键词： distributed video coding Encoder rate control Adaptive coding mode selection Bit-plane rearrangement Frame-level rate estimation

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Systematic Lossy Error Protection of video Signals

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2008年第10期18卷 1347-1360页

作者： Rane, Shantanu Baccichet, Pierpaolo Girod, Bernd Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs Cambridge MA 02139 USA Stanford Univ Max Planck Ctr Visual Comp & Commun Stanford CA 94035 USA Stanford Univ Informat Syst Lab Stanford CA 94035 USA

This paper proposes a scheme called Systematic Lossy Error Protection (SLEP) for robust transmission of video signals over packet erasure channels. The systematic portion of the transmission consists of a conventionally encoded video bit stream which is transmitted without channel coding. An additional bit stream generated by Wyner-Ziv encoding of the video signal is transmitted for error resilience. In the event of packet loss, this supplementary bit stream is decoded and allows the recovery of a coarsely quantized video signal, which is displayed in lieu of the lost portions of the primary video signal, The quantization mismatch results in a small, controlled loss in picture quality, but a drastic reduction in picture quality is avoided. An implementation of the SLEP system using the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC standard codec is described. Specifically, H.264/AVC redundant slices are used in conjunction with Reed-Solomon coding to generate the Wyner-Ziv bit stream. The received video quality is modeled as a function of the bit rates of the primary and redundant descriptions and the error resilience bit rate. The model is used to optimize the video quality delivered by SLEP. Via theoretical analysis and experimental simulation, it is shown that SLEP provides a flexible tradeoff between error resilience and decoded picture quality. By allowing the quality to degrade gracefully over a wider range of packet loss rates, SLEP mitigates the precipitous drop in picture quality suffered by traditional FEC-based systems.

关键词： distributed video coding H264/AVC redundant slices side information systematic lossy source/channel coding Wyner-Ziv coding

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PRISM: A video coding paradigm with motion estimation at the decoder

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2007年第10期16卷 2436-2448页

作者： Puri, Rohit Majumdar, Abhik Ramchandran, Karman Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA

We describe PRISM,(1) a video coding paradigm based on the principles of lossy distributed compression (also called source coding with side information or Wyner-Ziv coding) from multiuser information theory. PRISM represents a major departure from conventional video coding architectures (e.g., the MPEGx, H.26x families) that are based on motion-compensated predictive coding, with the goal of addressing some of their architectural limitations. PRISM allows for two key architectural enhancements: 1) inbuilt robustness to "drift" between encoder and decoder and 2) the feasibility of a flexible distribution of computational complexity between encoder and decoder. Specifically, PRISM enables transfer of the computationally expensive video encoder motion-search module to the video decoder. Based on this capability, we consider an instance of PRISM corresponding to a near reversal in codec complexities with respect to today's codecs (leading to a novel light encoder and heavy decoder paradigm), in this paper. We present encouraging preliminary results on real-world video sequences, particularly in the realm of transmission losses, where PRISM exhibits the characteristic of rapid recovery, in contrast to contemporary codecs. This renders PRISM as an attractive candidate for wireless video applications.

关键词： distributed source coding distributed video coding robust video coding wireless video

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Wyner-Ziv video coding for wireless lightweight multimedia applications

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2012年第1期2012卷 1-20页

作者： Deligiannis, Nikos Verbist, Frederik Iossifides, Athanassios C. Slowack, Jurgen Van de Walle, Rik Schelkens, Peter Munteanu, Adrian Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Elect & Informat B-1050 Brussels Belgium Interdisciplinary Inst Broadband Technol B-9050 Ghent Belgium Alexander Technol Educ Inst Thessaloniki Dept Elect GR-57400 Thessaloniki Greece Univ Ghent ELIS Dept Multimedia Lab B-9050 Ghent Belgium

Wireless video communications promote promising opportunities involving commercial applications on a grand scale as well as highly specialized niche markets. In this regard, the design of efficient video coding systems, meeting such key requirements as low power, mobility and low complexity, is a challenging problem. The solution can be found in fundamental information theoretic results, which gave rise to the distributed video coding (DVC) paradigm, under which lightweight video encoding schemes can be engineered. This article presents a new hash-based DVC architecture incorporating a novel motion-compensated multi-hypothesis prediction technique. The presented method is able to adapt to the regional variations in temporal correlation in a frame. The proposed codec enables scalable Wyner-Ziv video coding and provides state-of-the-art distributed video compression performance. The key novelty of this article is the expansion of the application domain of DVC from conventional video material to medical imaging. Wireless capsule endoscopy in particular, which is essentially wireless video recording in a pill, is proven to be an important application field. The low complexity encoding characteristics, the ability of the novel motion-compensated multi-hypothesis prediction technique to adapt to regional degrees of temporal correlation (which is of crucial importance in the context of endoscopic video content), and the high compression performance make the proposed distributed video codec a strong candidate for future lightweight (medical) imaging applications.

关键词： Wyner-Ziv coding distributed video coding hash-based motion estimation wireless lightweight multimedia applications

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SIFT-Based Homographies for Efficient Multiview distributed Visual Sensing

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2015年第5期15卷 2643-2656页

作者： Dias, Andre Seixas Brites, Catarina Ascenso, Joao Pereira, Fernando Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecomun P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

Considering the scarce resources in visual sensor networks, video coding solutions are necessary to address these constraints, namely the limited energy, memory, and bandwidth. The distributed video coding (DVC) paradigm is able to address these limitations by shifting most of the complexity to the decoder, typically a central location with a significant amount of resources. In a DVC context, the video codec rate-distortion (RD) performance is strongly dependent on the efficient generation of the so-called side information (SI). While in monoview DVC solutions the SI is generated by exploiting only the temporal correlation between frames, in multiview DVC (MV-DVC) solutions, the SI may be estimated by exploiting both the temporal and interview correlations. In this paper, a novel MV-DVC solution is proposed to improve the state-of-the-art MV-DVC RD performance with two key contributions in terms of an interview SI creation and SI fusion. According to the obtained experimental results, the proposed solution improves the RD performance associated to the current MV-DVC state-of-the-art solutions, exhibiting bitrate savings similar to 10% for the same output video quality, without increasing the encoding complexity and eventually also the decoding complexity.

关键词： distributed video coding visual sensors multiview SIFT homography fusion

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An Error Resilient video coding Scheme Using Embedded Wyner-Ziv Description with Decoder Side Non-Stationary Distortion Modeling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2011年第4期21卷 498-512页

作者： Zhang, Yongsheng Xiong, Hongkai He, Zhihai Yu, Songyu Chen, Chang Wen Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA SUNY Buffalo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Buffalo NY 14260 USA

In this paper, we propose a generic error resilient video coding (ERVC) scheme using embedded Wyner-Ziv (WZ) description. At the encoder side, a joint source-channel R-D optimized mode selection (JSC-RDO-MS) algorithm with WZ-coded anchor frames is statistically studied and developed. Given a stationary first-order Markov Gaussian source, the proposed mode optimization is justified by an analysis of the RD impact on the WZ bit-rate. JSC-RDO-MS involves in the estimation of expected rate and distortion of WZ coding with the unavailable side information, and the WZ bit-rate of each coding mode is determined based on the error correction capability of the specific WZ codec. At the decoder side, an online correlation noise model between the source and the side-information is proposed with a mixture of Laplacians whose parameters are attained to reflect the coherence of the motion field of successive frames and the energy of prediction residual. Each mixture component represents the statistical distribution of prediction residuals, and the mixing coefficients represent the amount of errors in motion compensation. The proposed scheme achieves the so-called classification gain by exploiting the spatially non-stationary characteristics of the motion field and texture. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed WZ-ERVC scheme achieves a better overall RD performance than existing ERVC schemes, and the proposed modeling algorithm also significantly outperforms the conventional Laplacian model by up to 2 dB.

关键词： Correlation noise modeling distributed video coding error resilient video coding non-stationary Wyner-Ziv coding

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Rate-Constrained Region of Interest coding Using Adaptive Quantization in Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 2016年第3期62卷 685-699页

作者： Park, Jongbin Jeon, Byeungwoo Korea Elect Technol Inst Smart Media Res Ctr Seoul 121835 South Korea Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Digital Media Lab Suwon 440746 South Korea

In this paper, we propose a rate-constrained distributed video coding-based region of interest (ROI) coding scheme. The proposed scheme appropriately determines ROI according to an available bit budget that depends on transmission channel and decoding environment. Its subjective quality is faithfully maintained via adaptive ROI definition of the available resources. Prior knowledge about the ROI is represented in terms of Gaussian mixture weighting function, which in turn determines the ROI according to the number of available bits. An adaptive quantization method is used in the ROI bit allocation. Compared to the existing non-ROI-based schemes, the proposed scheme not only improves the ROI coding performance but also the subjective quality of the entire picture.

关键词： distributed video coding region of interest coding adaptive quantization Gaussian mixture weighting function

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A Survey on Low-Complexity video coding Methods and Architectures

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RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 2014年第1期7卷 26-36页

作者： Yu, Shuang Qiao, Fei Yang, Xiao Luo, Li Yang, Huazhong Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Dept Elect Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

Traditional video coding methods are able to achieve wonderful performance improvements in data compression. However, these methods have high computational complexity and hardware resource consumption, which are not suitable for some applications, such as wireless multi-media sensor network (WMSN) where low complexity video coding (LCVC) methods are modern technologies. In this survey, some typical LCVC methods are explored, including the cropping and improving of the traditional video encoder, distributed video coding (DVC), Compressive Sensing (CS) video encoder, Underdetermined Blind Signal Separation (UBSS) and Two-Dimensional Singular Value Decomposition (2-D SVD) based video encoder. These technologies could obtain better trade-off between high compression ratio and well reconstructed video quality with lower encoding complexity. Moreover, some known architectures of the mentioned LCVC methods are analyzed, as well as the brief performance analysis and comparison. Finally, some applications of low complexity video coding are described, such as wireless video surveillance system and mobile video equipment.

关键词： Applications compressive sensing distributed video coding low complexity modification of traditional video coding methods underdetermined blind signal separation video coding 2-D singular value decomposition

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