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An efficient partitioning algorithm for distributed virtual environment systems

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND distributed SYSTEMS 2002年第3期13卷 193-211页

作者： Lui, JCS Chan, MF Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci & Engn Sha Tin Hong Kong Peoples R China Poly Asia Comuter Inc Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

distributed virtual environment (DVE) systems model and simulate the activities of thousands of entities interacting in a virtual world over a wide area network. Possible applications for DVE systems are multiplayer video games, military and industrial trainings, and collaborative engineering. In general, a DVE system is composed of many servers and each server is responsible to manage multiple clients who want to participate in the virtual world. Each server receives updates from different clients (such as the current position and orientation of each client) and then delivers this information to other clients in the virtual world. The server also needs to perform other tasks, such as object collision detection and synchronization control. A large scale DVE system needs to support many clients and this imposes a heavy requirement on networking resources and computational resources. Therefore, how to meet the growing requirement of bandwidth and computational resources is one of the major challenges in designing a scalable and cost-effective DVE system. In this paper, we propose an efficient partitioning algorithm that addresses the scalability issue of designing a large scale DVE system. The main idea is to dynamically divide the virtual world into different partitions and then efficiently assign these partitions to different servers. This way, each server will process approximately the same amount of workload. Another objective of the partitioning algorithm is to reduce the server-to-server communication overhead. The theoretical foundation of our dynamic partitioning algorithm is based on the linear optimization principle. We also illustrate how one can parallelize the proposed partitioning algorithm so that it can efficiently partition a very large scale DVE system. Lastly, experiments are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed partitioning algorithm under various settings of the virtual world.

关键词： distributed virtual environment scalability issue partitioning algorithm load balancing communication reduction linear optimization

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Constructing communication subgraphs and deriving an optimal synchronization interval for distributed virtual environment systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 2001年第5期13卷 778-792页

作者： Lui, JCS Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

In this paper, we consider problems of constructing a communication subgraph and deriving an optimal synchronization interval for a distributed virtual environment system (DVE). In general, a DVE system is a distributed system which allows many clients who are located in different parts of the network to concurrently explore and interact with each other under a high resolution, 3D, graphical virtual environment. Each client in a DVE system is represented by an avatar in the virtual environment, and each avatar can move and interact freely in the virtual environment. There are many challenging issues in designing a cost-effective DVE system. In this work, we address two important design issues, namely: 1) how to construct a communication subgraph which can efficiently carry traffic generated by all clients in a DVE system, and 2) how to guarantee that each participating client has the same consistent view of the virtual world. In other words, if there is an action taken by an avatar or if there is any change in the state of an object in the virtual world, every participating client will be able to view the change, To provide this consistent view, a DVE system needs to perform synchronization actions periodically. We present several algorithms for constructing a communication subgraph. In the subgraph construction, we try to reduce the consumption of network bandwidth resources or reduce the maximum delay between any two clients in a DVE system. Based on a given communication subgraph, we then derive the optimal synchronization interval so as to guarantee the view consistency among all participating clients. The derivation of the optimal synchronization interval is based on the theory of Markov chains and the fundamental matrix.

关键词： distributed virtual environment optimal synchronization interval Markov chains fundamental matrix

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A comparison study of evolutive algorithms for solving the partitioning problem in distributed virtual environment systems

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PARALLEL COMPUTING 2004年第5-6期30卷 585-610页

作者： Morillo, P Orduña, JM Fernández, M Univ Valencia Inst Robot E-46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain Univ Valencia Dept Informat E-46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain

Fast Internet connections and the widespread use of high performance graphic cards are making distributed virtual environment (DVE) systems very common nowadays. However, there are several key issues in these systems that should still be improved in order to design a scalable and cost-effective system. One of these key issues is the partitioning problem. This problem consists of efficiently assigning clients (3D avatars) to the servers in the system. In this paper, we present a comparison study of different modern heuristics for solving the partitioning problem in DVE systems, as an alternative to the ad hoc heuristic proposed in the literature. Performance evaluation results show that some of the heuristic methods can greatly improve the performance of the partitioning method, particularly for large DVE systems. In this way, efficiency and scalability of DVE systems can be significantly improved. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： distributed virtual environment evolutive computation

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Internet based design of distributed virtual environment for multi-robot teleoperation

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2006年第1期13卷 99-105页

作者：高胜赵杰蔡鹤皋 School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing 163318 China Robot Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Studies the design of distributed virtual environments （DVEs） for tele-multi-robotics. The proposed design, incorporating two models （ distributlon-supported model and VE-supported model）, attempts to represent common functionality, communication issues, and requirements found in multi-operator DVEs. The distribution-supported model concentrates on the introduction of computer-supported collaborative work （CSCW） to realize the coordination of multi-operators, while the VE-supported model concentrates on the utilization of an object-oriented approach to strengthen the expandability and robustness of the system. Finally, the configuration anti running environments of the system are given.

关键词： multi-robot Internet distributed virtual environment CSCW object oriented Java/Java3D

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An architecture to support scalable distributed virtual environment systems on grid

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2006年第3期36卷 249-264页

作者： Wang, Tianqi Wang, Cho-Li Lau, Francis C. M. Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

A distributed virtual environment (DVE) system offers a computer-generated virtual world in which individuals located at different places in the physical world can interact with one another. In order to achieve real-time response for a large user base, DVE systems need to have a scalable architecture. In this paper, we present the design of a grid-enabled service oriented framework for facilitating the construction of scalable DVE systems on computing grids. A service component called "gamelet" is proposed, whose distinctive mark is its high mobility for supporting dynamic load sharing. We propose a gamelet migration protocol which can ensure the transparency and efficiency of gamelet migration, and an adaptive gamelet load-balancing (AGLB) algorithm for making gamelet redistribution decisions at runtime. The algorithm considers both the synchronization costs of the DVE system and network latencies inherent in the grid nodes. The activities of the users and the heterogeneity of grid resources are also considered in order to carry out load sharing more effectively. We evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanisms through a multiplayer online game prototype implemented using the Globus toolkit. The results show that our approach can achieve faster response times and higher throughputs than some existing approaches.

关键词： gamelet distributed virtual environment adaptative load balancing service-oriented framework computer gaming grid

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Improvement on the accuracy of the polynomial form extrapolation model in distributed virtual environment

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VISUAL COMPUTER 2007年第5期23卷 369-379页

作者： Hanawa, Dai Yonekura, Tatsuhiro Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol Grad Sch Engn Dept Comp & Informat Sci Major Field Ubiquitous & Universal Informat Envir Tokyo 1848588 Japan Ibaraki Univ Fac Engn Dept Comp & Informat Sci Ibaraki 3168511 Japan

In this paper, we studied the relationship between the accuracy of the extrapolating data and the update interval in a distributed virtual environment (DVE). Based on the properties of the polynomial models, we proposed the new method to extrapolate the attribute data which arrives at a discrete time period. Theoretical models were formulated and showed that the average error of the proposed method is less than that of current methods. Finally, we confirmed that the proposed method can improve the accuracy in comparison with current methods by conducting experiments with the motion of a pen for a series of letters written by a human.

关键词： distributed virtual environment update interval extrapolation error model numerical difference

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The Research and Development of Fitness Equipment Embedded System Based on distributed virtual environment

The Research and Development of Fitness Equipment Embedded S...

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International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science

作者： Li, Xiaojun Li, Mingyan Zhejiang Gongshang Univ Coll Comp & Informat Engn Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769536880

In order to solve the problem that existing fitness equipment has a single function, the lack of entertainment and interactive features, the intelligent fitness equipment embedded systems with a fitness and recreation dual function is researched and developed by distributed virtual technology. And the paper raises the embedded system architecture, hardware and software framework for the fitness equipment. Taking the treadmill as object to study, an intelligent treadmill embedded system which has virtual scene is realized.

关键词： distributed virtual environment fitness equipment virtual scene embedded system

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Feasibility Study on Building distributed virtual environment Using Mobile Agent Technology

Feasibility Study on Building Distributed Virtual Environmen...

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International Conference on Building Materials and Structural Engineering (BMSE 2012)

作者： Cheng, Zhifeng Chen, Jiajun Xing, Changfeng Naval Univ Engn Wuhan 430033 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037853603

Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures have been proposed as an efficient and truly scalable solution for distributed virtual environments (DVEs). However, heavy and unbalanced network load has restricted the development of large scale DVEs. To solve this problem, this paper attempts to apply the mobile agent technology in DVEs. First, the virtual environment space was divided into a number of adjacent sub-spaces. Then, using the agent mobility, entities models moved themselves to the adjacent sub-space, and completed interactions with other entities in the sub-space. As a result, a significant part network load is transformed into local calculation load. The theoretical analysis results show that it is feasible and effective to ease the network communications bottleneck in the expansion of the DVEs.

关键词： distributed virtual environment P2P Mobile Agent

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Improvement on the accuracy of the polynomial form extrapolation model in distributed virtual environment

Improvement on the accuracy of the polynomial form extrapola...

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International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW 2006)

关键词： distributed virtual environment update interval extrapolation error model numerical difference

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Performance evaluation of compromised synchronization control mechanism for distributed virtual environment (DVE)

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virtual Reality 2005年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： Wongwirat, Olarn Ohara, Shigeyuki Faculty of Information Technology Research Center for Communications and Information Technology King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand Department of Information Media Technology School of Information Technology and Electronics Tokai University Kanagawa 259-121 Japan

Synchronization in a distributed virtual environment (DVE) involves mechanisms to ensure a consistent view of a virtual world for all participants. Most applications in the DVE are related to collaborative activities that include non-contention and contention cases. Using transmission of update messages is suitable enough to support synchronization for only non-contention activity. The contention activity requires an additional mechanism to control accessing a common object for synchronization. In this paper, we present the compromised synchronization control mechanism to support both non-contention and contention activities. The mechanism employs frequent update event and multiple-lock checking to control the synchronization. Frequent update event is used to support a dynamic virtual world for non-contention activity. Multiple-lock checking is embedded to ensure consistency when accessing the common object is required simultaneously for the contention event. Performance measurement of the compromised synchronization is provided by simulation in terms of locking time, sampling event, number of logical processes, and traffic tolerance. Prototype application is also implemented to compare the result in a small scale level. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the compromised sychronization control mechanism is capable to support up to 100 participants for the non-contention activity. It provides a good performance of supporting the contention activity in a small scale. The mechanism is considered suitable for collaborative application where contention is considered a critical event. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2005.

关键词： Compromised synchronization distributed virtual environment Dynamic shared state Frequent update event Multiple-lock checking Performance evaluation

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