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Dynamic operation of distribution grids with the integration of photovoltaic systems and distribution static compensators considering network reconfiguration

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ENERGY REPORTS 2024年 12卷 1623-1637页

作者： Hachemi, Ahmed. T. Sadaoui, Fares Saim, Abdelhakim Ebeed, Mohamed Arif, Salem Univ Kasdi Merbah Ouargla Elect Engn Lab Ouargla Algeria Nantes Univ Inst Rech Energie Elect Nantes Atlantique IREENA UR 4642 F-44600 St Nazaire France Sohag Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Sohag 82524 Egypt Univ Amar Telidji LACoSERE Lab Laghouat 03000 Algeria

The optimal operation of distribution Networks (DNs) using network reconfiguration has become more critical in the modern power system due to the widespread use of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and the imbalance between load demand and energy provided by RESs. However, attaining the most efficient functioning while integrating RESs is a challenging endeavor due to the unpredictability of the electrical system and the complexities associated with network reconfiguration. Integrating distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) with network reconfiguration is powerful for improving voltage deviation reducing overall costs, and minimizing active power losses, while successfully accommodating the fluctuating characteristics of renewable energy sources. To tackle these difficulties, we offer the Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm (HLOA), a new approach for optimizing the operation of DNs. The efficacy of HLOA is showcased on the IEEE 33-bus DN, to minimize costs, voltage deviations, real power losses, and emissions in the presence of unpredictable factors like photovoltaic (PV) uncertainties, price changes, and load demand. The analysis encompasses three case studies: one focused on optimizing operation solely with PV integration, another using both PV and D-STATCOM integration, and a third incorporating PV, D-STATCOMs, and network reconfiguration. The results indicate that the combination of PV, D-STATCOMs, and network reconfiguration significantly decreases overall cost by 45.6 %, real power losses are reduced by 66.3 %, and voltage variations are improved by 71.04 %. Emissions are mitigated by 36.72 % compared to the base case.

关键词： Renewable Energy Sources distribution network Optimal operation Horned lizard optimisation algorithm distribution static compensators Network reconfiguration

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Simultaneous siting and sizing of PVs and D-STATCOMs in medium-voltage grids using the Cauchy-based distribution optimizer

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RESULTS IN ENGINEERING 2025年 25卷

作者： Montoya, Oscar Danilo Grisales-Norena, Luis Fernando Gil-Gonzalez, Walter Univ Distrital Francisco Jose Caldas Fac Ingn Grp Compatibil Interferencia Electromagnet Bogota 110231 Colombia Univ Valle Escuela Ingn Elect & Elect Grp Invest Alta Tens GRALTA Cali 760015 Colombia Univ Tecnol Pereira Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Pereira 660003 Colombia

This research presents a novel leader-follower optimization framework for addressing the optimal siting and sizing of solar photovoltaic (PV) sources and distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) in electrical distribution grids. The core contribution of this work lies in the development of the Cauchy-based distribution optimizer (CbDO), a new population-based metaheuristic technique inspired by the properties of Cauchy distribution. The CbDO (i.e., the leader stage) innovatively combines discrete-continuous codification with probabilistic exploration and exploitation techniques in order to determine the optimal locations and sizes of PVs and D-STATCOMs. In the follower stage, the solutions generated by the CbDO are validated using a power flow analysis based on the successive approximations method, ensuring their feasibility and accuracy. According to the main findings, the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms such as the vortex search and sine-cosine algorithms in terms of solution quality and cost savings. For the 33-bus grid, the proposed method achieves a losses reduction of 35.5554%, while, in the 69-bus grid, the reduction is 35.6736%. These improvements translate into significant financial benefits, with potential savings exceeding one million dollars for utility companies. The proposed methodology provides a robust, efficient, and cost-effective solution for enhancing the performance and reliability of distribution networks that incorporate renewable energy sources.

关键词： Active and reactive power compensation Cauchy-based distribution optimizer Solar photovoltaic sources distribution static compensators Leader-follower optimization strategy

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Online estimation of distorted power system signal parameters

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & distribution 2010年第6期4卷 746-755页

作者： Zadeh, R. Agha Ghosh, A. Ledwich, G. Zare, F. Queensland Univ Technol Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

An algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering is proposed in this study for the estimation of power system signal attributes, like amplitude, frequency and phase angle. This technique can be used in protection relays, digital automatic voltage regulators (AVRs), distribution static compensators (DSTATCOMs), flexible AC transmission systems ( FACTS) and other power electronics applications. Furthermore, this algorithm is particularly suitable for the integration of distributed generation sources to power grids when fast and accurate detection of small variations of signal attributes are needed. Practical considerations such as the effect of noise, higher order harmonics and computational issues of the algorithm are considered and tested in the study. Several computer simulations are presented to highlight the usefulness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can simultaneously estimate the signal attributes, even if it is highly distorted due to the presence of non-linear loads and noise.

关键词： Power system protection digital automatic voltage regulators Kalman filtering online estimation Kalman filters distribution static compensators distorted power system signal parameters power grids power system protection static VAr compensators relay protection voltage regulators a.c. transmission power electronics Filtering methods in signal processing protection relays flexible AC transmission systems

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D-STATCOM with Energy Storage System for Application in Smart Micro-Grids

D-STATCOM with Energy Storage System for Application in Smar...

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4th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP)

作者： Falvo, M. C. Martirano, L. Sbordone, D. Univ Roma La Sapienza DIAEE Elect Engn Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781467344302

The paper focus is on the application of distribution static compensators (D-STATCOM) in Smart Micro-Grid (MG). First of all, Smart Grids concept is introduced and the main definitions on the Smart MG are given. Afterwards, an overview on D-STATCOMs is reported, pointing out their layout, components and possible functions, in presence of energy storage system or not. Finally the problem of management of these devices for application in Smart MG is analysed, with a particular focus on the choice of the communication technologies for data exchange with an Energy Management System (EMS).

关键词： Dispersed Generation distribution static compensators Electric Vehicles Energy Storage Smart Micro-Grids

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A Flexible Customer Power Device for Energy Management in a Real Smart Micro-Grid

A Flexible Customer Power Device for Energy Management in a ...

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39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON)

作者： Falvo, M. C. Martirano, L. Sbordone, D. Bertini, I. Di Pietra, B. Vellucci, F. Univ Roma La Sapienza DIAEE Elect Engn Via Eudossiana 18 Rome Italy Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainabl ENEA Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902248

In the present paper an overview on Customer Power Devices (CPDs) for application in Smart Micro-Grid (MG) is reported. A particular attention is given to a real CPD equipped with an Energy Storage System, consisting in Lithium batteries, able to perform also functions of distribution static compensators (D-STATCOM). Its typical layout, its main components and its possible functions are reported. A special focus is on its control modes and strategies for the energy management in a Smart MG and on its Battery Management System (BMS). The main figures of a real Smart MG, where the CDP is located, for active and reactive power service, are finally reported.

关键词： Dispersed Generation distribution static compensators Electric Vehicles Energy Storage Smart Micro-Grids

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Minimizing Energy Losses in Unbalanced distribution Networks via the Optimal Integration of PV Sources and D-STATCOMs

Minimizing Energy Losses in Unbalanced Distribution Networks...

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IEEE Colombian Conference on Applications of Computational Intelligence (ColCACI)

作者： Sofia Avellaneda-Gomez, Laura Cortes-Caicedo, Brandon Danilo Montoya, Oscar Univ Dist Francisco Jose de Caldas Fac Ingn Bogota 110231 Colombia Inst Univ Pascual Bravo Fac Ingn Medellin 050036 Colombia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516918;9798331516901

This document presents the results of a master-slave methodology developed to address the issue of reducing energy losses in electrical distribution systems by locating and sizing photovoltaic generators and distribution static compensators. The master phase utilizes several optimization techniques, including the vortex search algorithm, the particle swarm optimization, the Chu & Beasley genetic algorithm, and the generalized normal distribution optimizer, to determine the optimal location and size of each component. In contrast, the slave stage uses the three-phase version of the successive approximations method to evaluate the objective function. To validate the efficacy of this approach, it was tested on both a 25-node and a 37-node system. The study demonstrates a novel approach that minimizes energy losses by integrating two elements into the distribution power system simultaneously. The findings indicate that vortex search outperforms the other three optimization methods in reducing energy losses, reducing losses by 56.3301 % for the 25-node system and 44.1870 % for the 37-node system. Using its programming environment, all the numerical validations were carried out in the MATLAB software version 2024a.

关键词： Energy losses photovoltaic generators distribution static compensators master-slave methodology metaheuristic algorithms unbalanced distribution systems

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Designing a Customized Electric Power Storage Device for Smart Grids

Designing a Customized Electric Power Storage Device for Sma...

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14th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC)

作者： Falvo, M. C. Martirano, L. Siano, P. Univ Roma La Sapienza DIAEE Elect Engn Via Eudossiana 18 Rome Italy Univ Salerno Dept Ind Engn Fisciano Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479946600

Distributed Generation (DG) and RES (Renewable Energy Sources) are expected to grow exponentially, changing design and operation of electrical distribution networks. This is leading to the realization of Micro-Grids (MGs), active networks and Smart Grids (SGs). A real support for the SGs operation could be easily guaranteed through the use of customized electric power storage devices. These devices are similar to Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS), typically employed in transmission systems. Accordingly, in this paper, a customized electric power storage device, for application in Smart MGs, is proposed and described. Its layout, main components and functions are described. The control modes and strategies for the energy management in a Smart MG and its Battery Management System (BMS) are also described.

关键词： Dispersed Generation Electric Power Storage Device distribution static compensators Electric Vehicles Energy Storage Smart Micro-Grids

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Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in distribution Networks with Radial and Meshed Structures Using D-STATCOMs: A Mixed-Integer Convex Approach

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SENSORS 2022年第22期22卷 8676页

作者： Garrido, Victor Manuel Montoya, Oscar Danilo Medina-Quesada, Angeles Hernandez, Jesus C. Univ Pamplona Fac Ingn & Arquitectura Programa Ingn Elect Pamplona 543050 Colombia Univ Dist Francisco Jose de Caldas Fac Ingn Grp Compatibilidad & Interferencia Electromagnet Bogota 110231 Colombia Univ Tecnol Bolivar Fac Ingn Lab Inteligente Energia Cartagena 131001 Colombia Univ Jaen Dept Elect Engn Campus Lagunillas S-NEdificio A3 Jaen 23071 Spain

This paper deals with the problem regarding the optimal siting and sizing of distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) in electrical distribution networks to minimize the expected total annual operating costs. These costs are associated with the investments made in D-STATCOMs and expected energy losses costs. To represent the electrical behavior of the distribution networks, a power flow formulation is used which includes voltages, currents, and power as variables via incidence matrix representation. This formulation generates a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model that accurately represents the studied problem. However, in light of the complexities involved in solving this MINLP model efficiently, this research proposes a mixed-integer convex reformulation. Numerical results regarding the final annual operating costs of the network demonstrate that the proposed mixed-integer convex model is efficient for selecting and locating D-STATCOMs in distribution networks, with the main advantage that it is applicable to radial and meshed distribution grid configurations. A comparative analysis with respect to metaheuristic optimizers and convex approximations confirms the robustness of the proposed formulation. All numerical validations were conducted in the MATLAB programming environment with our own scripts (in the case of metaheuristics) and the CVX convex disciplined tool via the Gurobi solver. In addition, the exact MINLP model is solved using the GAMS software.

关键词： radial and meshed distribution networks distribution static compensators mixed-integer convex optimization optimal power flow approximation

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Efficient Integration of Fixed-Step Capacitor Banks and D-STATCOMs in Radial and Meshed distribution Networks Considering Daily Operation Curves

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ENERGIES 2023年第8期16卷 3532页

作者： Montoya, Oscar Danilo Gil-Gonzalez, Walter Hernandez, Jesus C. Univ Distrital Francisco Jose Caldas Fac Ingn Grp Compatibil Interferencia Electromagnet GCEM Bogota 110231 Colombia Univ Tecnol Pereira Dept Elect Engn Pereira 660003 Colombia Univ Jaen Dept Elect Engn Campus Lagunillas S-NEdificio A3 Jaen 23071 Spain

The problem regarding the optimal integration of efficient reactive power compensation in radial and meshed distribution networks using fixed-step capacitor banks and distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) is addressed in this research paper by proposing a master-slave optimization methodology. Radial and meshed distribution topologies are considered for the grid structure while including variable active and reactive demand curves. An economic analysis is performed, considering the net present value of the optimization plan, as well as the costs of energy losses and the capacitor banks' acquisition, installation, and operation. In the case of the D-STATCOMs, an annualized costs analysis is presented. In the master stage, the discrete version of the generalized normal distribution optimization (GNDO) algorithm selects the nodes and the sizes of the capacitor banks. In the slave stage, the successive approximations power flow approach is implemented. Numerical results in the IEEE 33-bus grid (with both radial and meshed topologies) and the IEEE 85-bus grid (with a radial configuration) demonstrated the proposed master-slave optimization's effectiveness in minimizing the project's expected net present value for a planning period of five years. Moreover, a simulation in the IEEE 69-bus grid under peak operation conditions showed that the GNDO approach is an excellent optimization technique to solve the studied problem when compared to combinatorial and exact optimization methods. In addition, numerical validations considering D-STATCOMs in the IEEE 85-bus grid confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the GNDO approach in addressing problems associated with optimal reactive power compensation in medium-voltage distribution systems.

关键词： fixed-step capacitor banks net present value optimization distribution static compensators daily operative curves master-slave optimization method generalized normal distribution optimizer

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Optimal Integration of D-STATCOMs in Radial and Meshed distribution Networks Using a MATLAB-GAMS Interface

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ALGORITHMS 2023年第3期16卷 138-138页

作者： Barreto-Parra, German Francisco Cortes-Caicedo, Brandon Montoya, Oscar Danilo Univ Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas Fac Ingn Grp Compatibil & Interferencia Electromagnet GCEM Bogota 110231 Colombia Inst Tecnol Metropolitano Fac Ingn Dept Mecatron & Electromecan Medellin 050036 Colombia

This paper proposes an interconnection of the MATLAB and GAMS software interfaces, which were designed based on a master-slave methodology, to solve the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model problem associated with the problem regarding the optimal location and sizing of static distribution compensators (D-STATCOMs) in meshed and radial distribution networks, considering the problem of optimal reactive power flow compensation and the fact that the networks have commercial, industrial, and residential loads for a daily operation scenario. The objective of this study is to reduce the annual investment and operating costs associated with energy losses and the installation costs of D-STATCOMs. This objective function is based on the classical energy budget and the capacity constraints of the device. In the master stage, MATLAB software is used to program a discrete version of the sine-cosine algorithm (DSCA), which determines the locations where the D-STATCOMs will be installed. In the slave stage, using the BONMIN solver of the GAMS software and the known locations of the D-STATCOMs, the MINLP model representing the problem under study is solved to find the value of the objective function and the nominal power of the D-STATCOMs. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed master-slave optimizer, the 33-node IEEE test system with both radial and meshed topologies is used. With this test system, numerical comparisons were made with the exact solution of the MINLP model, using different solvers in the GAMS software, the genetic-convex strategy, and the discrete-continuous versions of the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm and the salp swarm optimization algorithm. The numerical results show that DSCA-BONMIN achieves a global solution to the problem under study, making the proposed method an effective tool for decision-making in distribution companies.

关键词： GAMS computational tool MATLAB computational tool distribution networks interface interconnection distribution static compensators sine and cosine algorithm radial and meshed topology minimizing annual operating costs

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