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The design and performance of a real-time CORBA scheduling service

REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 2001年第2期20卷 117-154页

作者： Gill, CD Levine, DL Schmidt, DC Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci St Louis MO 63130 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect & Comp Engn Irvine CA USA

There is increasing demand to extend CORBA middleware to support applications with stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements. However, conventional CORBA middleware does not define standard features to dynamically schedule operations for applications that possess deterministic real-time requirements. This paper presents three contributions to the study of real-time CORBA operation scheduling strategies. First, we document our evolution from static to dynamic scheduling for applications with deterministic real-time requirements. Second, we describe the flexible scheduling service framework in our real-time CORBA implementation, TAO, which supports core scheduling strategies efficiently. Third, we present results from empirical benchmarks that quantify the behavior of these scheduling strategies and assess the overhead of dynamic scheduling in TAO. Our empirical results using TAO show that dynamic scheduling of CORBA operations can be deterministic and can achieve acceptable latency for operations, even with moderate levels of queueing.

关键词： middleware and APIs quality of service issues mission critical safety critical systems dynamic scheduling algorithms and analysis distributed systems

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Multiparadigm scheduling for distributed real-time embedded computing

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2003年第1期91卷 183-197页

作者： Gill, CD Cytron, RK Schmidt, DC Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn St Louis MO 63130 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect & Comp Engn Irvine CA 92697 USA

Increasingly complex requirements, coupled with with tighter economic and organizational constraints, are making it hard to build complex distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems entirely from scratch. Therefore,, the proportion of DRE systems made up of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software is increasing significantly. There are, relatively few systematic empirical studies, however, that illustrate how suitable COTS-based hardware and software have become for mission-critical DRE systems. This paper provides the following contributions to the study of real-time quality-of-service (QoS) assurance and performance in COTS-based DRE systems: it presents evidence that flexible configuration of COTS middleware mechanisms, and the operating system (OS) settings they use allows DRE systems to meet critical QoS requirements over a wider range of load and jitter conditions than statically configured systems;it shows that in addition to making critical QoS assurances, noncritical QoS performance can be improved through flexible support for alternative scheduling strategies;and it presents an empirical study of three canonical scheduling strategies;specifically the conditions that predict success of a strategy for a production-quality DRE avionics mission computing system. Our results show that applying a flexible scheduling framework to COTS hardware, OSs, and middleware improves real-time QoS assurance and performance for mission-critical DRE systems.

关键词： distributed real-time and embedded systems dynamic scheduling algorithms and analysis middleware and APIs mission-critical systems quality-of-service (QoS) issues

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Middleware scheduling optimization techniques for distributed real-time and embedded systems 7

Middleware scheduling optimization techniques for distribute...

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7th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems (WORDS 2002)

作者： Gill, C Cytron, R Schmidt, D Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci St Louis MO 63130 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769515762

Developers of mission-critical distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems face a fundamental tension between (1) the performance gains achievable with hand-crafted optimizations to systems built largely from scratch and (2) the development cost and cycle-time reductions offered by common off-the-shelf (COTS) middleware. This paper describes how the Kokyu portable middleware scheduling framework,, which is built using standards-based COTS middleware and OS primitives, can be used both to (1) maintain the flexibility and reuse offered by COTS middleware and (2) provide opportunities for domain-specific optimizations that are needed to meet stringent real-time performance requirements.

关键词： real-time middleware quality of service issues dynamic scheduling algorithms and analysis adaptive resource management distributed systems

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