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Efficient, low-complexity image coding with a set-partitioning embedded block coder

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2004年第11期14卷 1219-1235页

作者： Pearlman, WA Islam, A Nagaraj, N Said, A Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA Nokia Inc Irvington TX 75039 USA GE John F Welch Technol Ctr Bangalore 560066 Karnataka India Hewlett Packard Labs Palo Alto CA 94304 USA

We propose an embedded, block-based, image wavelet transform coding algorithm of low complexity. It uses a recursive set-partitioning procedure to sort subsets of wavelet coefficients by maximum magnitude with respect to thresholds that are integer powers of two. It exploits two fundamental characteristics of an image transform-the well-defined hierarchical structure, and energy clustering in frequency and in space. The two partition strategies allow for versatile and efficient coding of several image transform structures, including dyadic, blocks inside subbands, wavelet packets, and discrete cosine transform (DCT). We describe the use of this coding algorithm in several implementations, including reversible (lossless) coding and its adaptation for color images, and show extensive comparisons with other state-of-the-art coders, such as set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and JPEG2000. We conclude that this algorithm, in addition to being very flexible, retains all the desirable features of these algorithms and is highly competitive to them in compression efficiency.

关键词： color image coding embedded coding entropy coding hierarchical coding image coding lossless coding wavelet coding

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An improved embedded zerotree wavelet image coding method based on coefficient partitioning using morphological operation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2000年第6期14卷 795-807页

作者： Zhong, JM Leung, CH Tang, YY Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Comp Studies Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

In recent years, wavelets have attracted great attention in both still image compression and video coding, and several novel wavelet-based image compression algorithms have been developed so far, one of which is Shapiro's embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) image compression algorithm. However, there are still some deficiencies in this algorithm. In this paper, after the analysis of the deficiency in EZW, a new algorithm based on quantized coefficient partitioning using morphological operation is proposed. Instead of encoding the coefficients in each subband line-by-line, regions in which most of the quantized coefficients are significant are extracted by morphological dilation and encoded first. This is followed by using zerotrees to encode the remaining space which has mostly zeros. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is not only superior to the EZW, but also compares favorably with the most efficient wavelet-based image compression algorithms reported so far.

关键词： wavelet transform zerotree significance clustering image compression embedded coding morphological operation multiresolution representation

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embedded ALGEBRAIC CELP/VSELP CODERS FOR WIDE-BAND SPEECH coding

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SPEECH COMMUNICATION 1995年第4期16卷 319-328页

作者： LEGUYADER, A LAMBLIN, C BOURSICAUT, E TELECOM BRETAGNE TECHNOPOLE BREST IROISE F-29285 BREST FRANCE

Today, the need for variable bit rate coding exists to an increasing extent for, such as videoconferencing, audioconferencing, packet circuit multiplication systems and mobile radio applications. This article extends the concept of embedded coding to include multi-stage CELP and VSELP coding at variable bit rates. Firstly, this article presents a unified approach to multi-stage CELP and VSELP coding. Secondly, this contribution provides a general expression for the CELP/VSELP error criterion in the case of a sequential search for successive indexes and gains, including gain reoptimization at each stage. Thirdly, this paper outlines the development of a recursive algorithm, used in order to solve this least-squares problem. As explained herein, this algorithm is based on both the matrix partitioning approach of the QR decomposition, and the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization algorithm. Then, the resulting orthogonalized gains are used in the derivation of a new algorithm, which is implemented off-line in order to ensure the optimization of successive codebooks in embedded multi-stage CELP/VSELP coding. Finally, subjective test results are presented, which illustrate that 24 and 32 kbit/s embedded CELP/VSELP wideband coders provide speech quality close to that of the embedded SB/ADPCM G722 coders at 56 and 64 kbit/s.

关键词： CELP coding VSELP coding embedded coding ORTHOGENALIZATION VARIABLE BIT RATE WIDE-BAND coding

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embedded Bit-Stream Region-of-Interest coding of Point Cloud Attributes 26

Embedded Bit-Stream Region-of-Interest Coding of Point Cloud...

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26th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing

作者： Figueiredo, Victor F. de Queiroz, Ricardo L. Univ Brasilia Elect Engn Dept Brasilia DF Brazil Univ Brasilia Dept Comp Sci Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387261;9798350387254

This paper presents a novel approach to embedded Region-of-Interest (ROI) attribute coding for point clouds. The proposed method is an embedded point cloud attribute coder incorporating regions of interest. The method chosen was to interleave bit-streams for ROI and non-ROI regions, which brings us some advantages. Firstly, it is independent of any specific ROI detection algorithm. Secondly, no increased complexity is imposed on the decoder. The results demonstrate an improvement in the quality of reconstructed voxels within the ROI, accompanied by some degradation of reconstructed voxels outside the ROI.

关键词： embedded coding region of interest point cloud compression

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An efficient wavelet based embedded color image coding technique using block-tree approach

An efficient wavelet based embedded color image coding techn...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2006)

作者： Moinuddin, Athar Ali Khan, Ekram Ghanbari, Mohammed Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India Univ Essex Dept Elect Syst Engn Colchester Essex England

ISBN: (纸本)9781424404810

In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient technique for embedded color image coding. The proposed algorithm exploits inter- and intra-subband correlations of the wavelet transformed luminance (Y) and chrominance (U and V) planes as well as the interdependency among the coefficients of the three-color planes. The coefficients of the three-color planes are linked through the composite spatial orientation trees (CSOT) having root nodes in the Y-plane only. The CSOT is defined for blocks of coefficients rather than a single coefficient. Thus, the proposed algorithm combines the features of both zero-tree and zero-block based algorithm into a single algorithm due to the use of block-tree hierarchical structure. Simulation results show the improved performance of the proposed algorithm over other sate-of-the-art coders such as MPEG-4, color SPIHT (CSPIHT), color SPECK (CPECK), and JPEG-2000.

关键词： wavelet transform image coding color image coding embedded coding

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An Improvement of embedded Zerotree Wavelet coding Based on Compressed Sensing 5

An Improvement of Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Coding Based on ...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS)

作者： Chen, Zhi Mu, Chenhao Xu, Fan Chinese Acad Sci Xian Inst Opt & Precis Mech Xian 710119 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932795

embedded zero-tree wavelet (EZW) is a kind of image compression algorithm which provides high compression rates fast. In order to improve the quality of reconstructed image after decoding, in this research, we put forward an improvement of embedded zerotree wavelet coding and simulate this new algorithm. This method takes full advantages of the Compressed Sensing (CS) theory and EZW. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method improved the quality of the unzipped image significantly.

关键词： Image compression Wavelet Zero-tree Compressed Sensing embedded coding

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embedded Color Image coding with Context Adaptive Wavelet Difference Reduction

Embedded Color Image Coding with Context Adaptive Wavelet Di...

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International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems

作者： Lamsrichan, Poonlap Sanguankotchakorn, Teerapat Kasetsart Univ Dept Elect Engn Fac Engn Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781424450152

A new color image coding technique is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on the efficient grey-scaled wavelet-based image coding, the context adaptive wavelet difference reduction - CAWDR. The coder exploits not only compactness and self-similarities of wavelet transform in each color component, but also the dependency between the color components. The context adaptive arithmetic coder is implemented to the encoded bit stream. The significant coefficient quantizations for all color components are performed before the refinement pass in each bit-plane. This single bit stream of encoded image has embedded property and exact rate control without explicit information. The performance comparison is also presented in the paper. The proposed coder typically has 0.3 - 1 dB higher average PSNR than that of JPEG2000.

关键词： Color image coding wavelet difference reduction embedded coding context adaptive

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embedded Medical Image coding Using Quantization Improvement of SPIHT

Embedded Medical Image Coding Using Quantization Improvement...

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3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

作者： Wang, Wentao Wang, Guoyou Zhang, Tianxu Zeng, Guangping Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Inst Pattern Recognit & Artificial Intelligence Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China South Cent Univ Natl Coll Comp Sci Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424429011

In this paper we investigate the problem of how to quantize the wavelet coefficients in the lowest frequency subband with multi-scalar method. A new quantization implementation of efficient lossy medical image compression using the Set Partitioningin Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm at low bit rates is proposed. First, in the higher bit plane, this algorithm only quantizes the wavelet coefficients in the lowest frequency subband. Then it quantizs other ones by uniform scalar. Experiment results have shown the proposed scheme improves the performance of wavelet image coders. In particular, it will get better coding gain in the low bit rate image coding.

关键词： embedded coding bit plane medical image quantization

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An embedded Stereo Speech and Audio coding Method Based on Principal Component Analysis

An Embedded Stereo Speech and Audio Coding Method Based on P...

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IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT)

作者： Jia, Mao-shen Bao, Chang-chun Liu, Xin Li, Xiao-ming Li, Ru-wei Beijing Univ Technol Speech & Audio Signal Proc Lab Sch Elect Informat & Control Engn Beijing 100124 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467307536

In this paper a compressive sampling method of MLT coefficients which is used for extracting stereo information is adopted based on principal component analysis (PCA) and Modulated Lapped Transform (MLT). With this method, an embedded variable bit-rates stereo speech and audio coding algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this codec, the stereo signal sampled at 32 kHz and 16 kHz can be coded in terms of scalable bit rates, the structure of bit-stream is embedded and the bit-stream can be divided into several layers. The core codec is ITU-T G.729.1 which can process mono signal with 7 kHz bandwidth. Besides there are four extra bit-rates added include 40, 48, 56, and 64kb/s. The maximum bit-rates of wide band stereo signal and super-wideband stereo signal are 48kb/s and 64kb/s, respectively. The objective and subjective test results show that the quality of the proposed codec is no worse than the reference codec which is requested by ITU-T

关键词： speech coding audio coding stereo coding embedded coding

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An embedded Speech and Audio coding Method Based on Bit-plane coding and SQVH

An Embedded Speech and Audio Coding Method Based on Bit-plan...

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9th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology

作者： Jia, Mao-shen Bao, Chang-chun Liu, Xin Beijing Univ Technol Speech & Audio Signal Proc Lab Sch Elect Informat & Control Engn Beijing 100124 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424459490

A multi-layer embedded speech and audio coding algorithm based on bit-plane coding and Scalar Quantized Vector Huffman coding (SQVH) is proposed in this paper. In this codec the signal sampled at 32 kHz can be coded in terms of scalable bit rates. The core codec is International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) G.729.1 which can process signal with 7 kHz bandwidth. Besides there are five extra bit-rates added and the bandwidth is extended to 14 kHz. The additional bit-rates include 36, 40, 48, 56, and 64kb/s. Some new methods used in the additional layers are proposed in this paper. The objective and subjective listening tests show that this codec has good performance compared with reference codec.

关键词： speech coding audio coding embedded coding

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