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Implementation of a modified perturb and observe maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic system using an embedded microcontroller

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IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION 2016年第4期10卷 551-560页

作者： Elbaset, Adel A. Ali, Hamdi Abd-El Sattar, Montaser Khaled, Mahmoud Menia Univ Dept Elect Engn Al Minya 61517 Egypt Beni Suef Univ Fac Postgrad Studies Adv Sci Bani Suwayf Egypt El Minia High Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Al Minya Egypt Menia Univ Dept Comp & Syst Engn Al Minya 61517 Egypt

The conventional algorithm of perturb and observe (P&O) is widely applied due to its simplicity, low cost and easy implementation. However, it suffers from instabilities during rapid changes of weather and/or oscillation around maximum power point (MPP) at steady state. Instabilities occur due to the incorrect decision taken by the conventional P&O algorithm at the first step change in duty cycle during the rapid change in radiation. The reason for the steady-state oscillation is the continuous perturbation and tradeoff between step sizes and the convergence time. This study presents a modified P&O algorithm to overcome such drawbacks. It uses a constant load technique to help the conventional P&O algorithm for recognising the cause of power change and to enable it in taking the right decision at first step change in duty cycle during rapid change of weather. The proposed algorithm is simulated using a single solar photovoltaic module of 80 W and a DC/DC boost converter. It is validated experimentally and implemented within an embedded microcontroller. The experimental setup presents a proposed model-based design methodology that uses measurements' data for MPP tracking systems' design. It combines hardware-in-the-loop simulation and prototype testing using actual weather measurements. Simulation and experiments show excellent results.

关键词： maximum power point trackers photovoltaic power systems embedded systems microcontrollers perturbation techniques modified perturb and observe maximum power point tracking algorithm photovoltaic system embedded microcontroller steady-state oscillation modified P& O algorithm constant load technique single solar photovoltaic module DC DC boost converter model-based design methodology MPP tracking systems hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Sewage detection system design based on large-scale embedded microcontroller 3

Sewage detection system design based on large-scale embedded...

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3rd International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Architecture Science (ICAEMAS)

作者： Xia Xiao Ling Ezhou Polytech Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ezhou 436000 Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783038352679

A sewage detection system based on large-scale embedded microcontroller was designed. With the increasing national environmental control requirements, the existing detection methods have been unable to meet the emissions compliance requirements. It is necessary to adopt new detection technologies for faster, more stable and reliable sewage discharge test results. This paper uses an embedded microcontroller technology for chemical plant wastewater discharge testing, which can effectively control the quality of effluent discharge, meet environmental requirements, and achieve stable production, energy saving purposes. Practice has proved that, sewage detection system based on large-scale embedded microcontroller has a strong monitoring capabilities.

关键词： Detection system Large-scale embedded microcontroller

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An intelligent integrated EDI module based on fuzzy PID

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FERROELECTRICS 2023年第1期609卷 75-86页

作者： Qin, Haohua Lv, Xudong Li, Guangyao Li, Xue Guo, Lantian Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol Coll Automat & Elect Engn Qingdao Peoples R China WEIGAO Grp Co LTD Weihai Peoples R China Qingdao Univ Sch Stomatol Qingdao Peoples R China Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol Luzhong Inst Safety Environm Protect Engn & Mat Zibo Peoples R China

Electrodeionization (EDI) is a popular method of water treatment in the current field of water treatment. EDI module mainly absorbs the charged ions in water through the cation exchange resin and realizes the ion removal of water by applying an electric field to make the charged ions move in a directional way and pass through the cation exchange membrane with selective permeability. The existing EDI module has a low integration degree and the working current cannot be adjusted intelligently according to the field environment. In order to solve the problem of low integration degree, this paper designs an EDI module that integrates the EDI module, sensor, controllable constant current source module, and main controller. Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem that the current EDI working current cannot be adjusted in real-time with the environmental water quality, an EDI module output current control method based on fuzzy PID and a main controller hardware circuit based on the adjustable constant current source circuit of a microcontroller digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are designed to adjust the output current of EDI module intelligently. Then the control model of the control system is established by Matlab respectively using the PID control method and fuzzy PID control method, and the simulation is compared. In this paper, the hardware and software of the module are developed based on STM32. The experimental results show that the designed EDI module can realize accurate and fast control of water quality.

关键词： EDI PID fuzzy PID embedded microcontroller adjustable constant current source circuit Matlab

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Research on Application of embedded Single Chip Computer Intelligent Control 5

Research on Application of Embedded Single Chip Computer Int...

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5th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE)

作者： Li, Chun Chen, Jingjin Jiang, Mingbo Chongqing Aerosp Polytech Chongqing 400021 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665423144

Single-chip microcomputers have been widely used in various fields of life and production. Almost all devices with digital interfaces include the application of single-chip microcomputers. Especially in the field of automation control, single-chip microcomputers are applied to robots and smart meters. It can be said that the emergence and wide application of single-chip computers have changed people's life and production and promoted the development of society. In the information age, with the development of computer network technology, the combination of single-chip technology and electronic engineering technology has promoted the development of industrial automation. The use of embedded single-chip microcomputer is conducive to the design and application of industrial production intelligent control systems. At the same time, this can also further promote the development of industrial automation, digitization and intelligence, and improve the safety and stability of the entire control system. This also meets the requirements of industrial development for the automatic operation and control of high-efficiency, low-error machines. Based on this, this article will briefly analyze the application of embedded single-chip microcomputer in the field of industrial intelligent control on the basis of an overview of the embedded system and the concept of single-chip microcomputer.

关键词： embedded System embedded microcontroller Intelligent Control

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Hotel intelligent guidance system based on ZigBee Technology

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 2020年 77卷 103160-103160页

作者： Shen, Xiaoyan Shao, Wei Zhang, Zheng Xu, Peng Nantong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Seyuan Rd Nantong Jiangsu Peoples R China Nantong Univ Coinnovat Ctr Neuroregenerat Nantong Jiangsu Peoples R China

A hotel intelligent guidance system based on ZigBee technology was designed, which was mainly composed of a portable handheld module and a guidance module installed in guestroom corridor. Room guidance data stored in the guidance module are updated and transmitted by the ZigBee network. When users carrying the handheld module approach to guestroom corridor, ZigBee, with the stable function of ad hoc network, will connect the handheld module with the nearest automatic guidance module automatically, and show the location of guestroom in the guidance module, to realize the function of automatic sensing guidance, so as to guide users to locate their guestrooms. In addition, the guidance system is also able to indicate the direction of exit in the emergency case, to enhance the security of hotels. The device effectively enhances the customers' check-in experience and thus improving the competitiveness of hotels, so it has a good application prospect in the market. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： embedded microcontroller ZigBee wireless communications Intelligent guidance

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An embedded Sensor Node for the Surveillance of Power Quality

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ENERGIES 2019年第8期12卷 1561页

作者： Guerrero-Rodriguez, Jose-Maria Cobos-Sanchez, Clemente Gonzalez-de-la-Rosa, Juan-Jose Sales-Lerida, Diego Univ Cadiz Area Elect Engn Sch Ave UnivS-N Puerto Real 11510 Spain Univ Cadiz Area Elect Res Unit PAIDI TIC 168 Polytech Sch Algeciras Ave Raman PuyolS-N E-11202 Algeciras Spain

The energy supply of office buildings and smart homes is a key issue in the global energy system. The growing use of microelectronics-based technology achieves new devices for a more comfortable life and wider use of electronic office equipment. On the one hand, these applications incorporate more and more sensitive electronic devices which are potentially affected by any external electrical transient. On the other hand, the existing electrical loads, which generally use electronic power systems (such as different types of battery chargers, ballasts, inverters, switching power supplies, etc.), generate different kinds of transients in their own electrical internal network. Moreover, improvements in the information of the state of the mains alternating current (AC) power line allows risk evaluation of any disturbance caused to permanently connected electronic equipment, such as computers, appliances, home security systems, phones, TVs, etc. For this reason, it is nowadays more important to introduce monitoring solutions into the electrical network to measure the level of power quality so that it can protect itself when necessary. This article describes a small and compact detector using a low-cost microcontroller and a very simple direct acquiring circuit. In addition;it analyzes different methods to implement various power quality (PQ) surveillance algorithms that can be implemented in this proposed minimum hardware platform. Hence;it is possible to achieve cheap and low-power monitoring devices that can become nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN). The work shows that using a small computational effort;reasonable execution speed;and acceptable reliability;this solution can be used to detect a variety of large disturbance phenomena and spread the respective failure report through a 433 MHz or 2.4 GHz radio transmitter. Therefore, this work can easily be extended to the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Simultaneously, a software application (PulsAC) has been dev

关键词： power quality (PQ) embedded microcontroller low cost monitor sensor node wireless sensor network IoT

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Steerable miniaturised printed quadrifilar helical array antenna using digital phase shifters for BGAN/GPS applications

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2018年第7期12卷 1196-1204页

作者： Kazemi, Robab Palmer, Jeffery Quaiyum, Farhan Fathy, Aly E. Univ Tabriz Fac Elect & Comp Engn Tabriz Iran Global Satellite Engn Co Ft Lauderdale FL USA Univ Tennessee Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Knoxville TN USA

A novel electronically steerable phased array antenna is developed for global positioning system/broadband global area network (GPS/BGAN) navigation applications. The array is composed of 2x2 printed quadrifilar helical antennas (PQHAs) integrated with digital phase shifters for beam steering over the transmit/receive bands. The feed network of each PQHA is based on a sequential rotation to achieve wideband circular polarisation (CP). An elegant control network with the embedded microcontroller is designed to provide driving bits to the phase shifters with reduced phase error. The meandered line design maintains high-performance CP radiation up to +/- 60 degrees off-axis, within 1525 to 1660MHz, and its size is 44% of the design with straight lines. The array gain is positive over 1450-1800MHz beyond the BGAN band, with better than 13dB return loss and <2.2dB axial ratio. The measured broadside gain of the array exceeds 8.5dBi at 1600MHz, and has a wide beam steering of approximate to +/- 80 degrees over the BGAN band. The developed antenna represents a significant technical advance to the design and manufacturing of PQHA array, it has a compact size, low cost and lightweight with a relatively large bandwidth and almost hemispherical coverage with excellent right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

关键词： beam steering spiral antennas UHF antennas calibration control system synthesis microcontrollers antenna radiation patterns antenna feeds broadband antennas broadband networks Global Positioning System UHF phase shifters helical antennas microstrip antenna arrays steerable miniaturised printed quadrifilar helical array antenna digital phase shifters BGAN-GPS applications Global Positioning System-broadband global area network navigation applications printed meandered quadrifilar helical antennas PQHA beam steering transmit-receive bands feed network sequential phase shift rotation wideband circular polarisation radiation CP radiation elegant control network embedded microcontroller phase error high-performance CP radiation spiral design straight lines array gain return loss axial ratio elevation plane compact size hemispherical coverage right-hand circularly polarised radiation full steerable QPHA array frequency 1450 MHz to 1800 MHz

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The EMC² Project on embedded microcontrollers: Technical Progress after two years 19

The EMC<SUP>2</SUP> Project on Embedded Microcontrollers: Te...

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19th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)

作者： Weber, Werner Hoess, Alfred van Deventer, Jan Oppenheimer, Frank Ernst, Rolf Kostrzewa, Adam Dore, Philippe Goubier, Thierry Isakovic, Haris Druml, Norbert Wuchner, Egon Schneider, Daniel Schoitsch, Erwin Armengaud, Eric Soderqvist, Thomas Traversone, Massimo Uhrig, Sascha Perez-Cortes, Juan Carlos Saez, Sergio Kuusela, Juha van Helvoort, Mark Cai, Xing Nordmoen, Bjorn Paulsen, Geir Yngve Dahle, Hans Petter Geissel, Michael Salecker, Juergen Tummeltshammer, Peter Infineon Technol BEX RDE RDF D-81726 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509028160

Since April 2014 the Artemis/ECSEL project EMC2 is running and provides significant results. EMC2 stands for "embedded Multi-Core Systems for Mixed Criticality Applications in Dynamic and Changeable Real-Time Environments". In this paper we report recent progress on technical work in the different workpackages and use cases. We highlight progress in the research on system architecture, design methodology, platform and operating systems, and in qualification and certification. Application cases in the fields of automotive, avionics, health care, and industry are presented exploiting the technical results achieved.

关键词： Mixed criticality dynamic application real-time applications multitasking multicore embedded microcontroller open system integrated toolchain

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BLUETOOTH-BASED WIRELESS DIGITAL STETHOSCOPE WITH MOBILE INTEGRATION

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第3期30卷

作者： Degbedzui, Derek Kweku Tetteh, Michael Kaufmann, Elsie Effah Mills, Godfrey A. Univ Ghana Dept Biomed Engn Legon Accra Ghana Univ Ghana Dept Comp Engn Legon Accra Ghana

Acoustic stethoscopes are used to monitor signals from patients. Incidentally, the connecting tube between the chest-piece and the ear-piece of common stethoscopes is known to serve as a medium for transmitting pathogens from patients to physicians or from one patient to another patient. This work presents a wireless stethoscope design with mobile integration that transmits heart sounds to mobile devices for evaluation and analysis, thus, eliminates the connecting tube. This is an extension of the previous work that presented the proof of concept of a wireless stethoscope with Bluetooth transmission. In this work, however, the chest-piece of the traditional stethoscope is integrated with microcontroller unit and Bluetooth communication device. Captured signals are processed and transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device with interface application software for recording, listening and visual display of waveforms. Following numerical simulation, a prototype was developed. Testing conducted on the prototype device using a class 2 Bluetooth device with 4 dBm transmission power showed good quality received signals when the mobile device was placed 20 m within indoor environments and 42 m in open-space outdoor environment, beyond which degradation in quality occurs. It is worth pointing out that a smart Bluetooth device with high transmission range and data speed may produce much longer operating distance. Hence, for applications that require operating ranges beyond 50 m, smart Bluetooth devices may be well suited for such systems. This system may serve as the means for monitoring patients from remote locations particularly quarantine units and can also be useful for training health personnel through broadcasting of recorded signals for analysis and evaluation by members of a medical team.

关键词： Wireless digital stethoscope Acoustic auscultation Heart sound embedded microcontroller FIR digital filter Bluetooth communication

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Advanced Remote Debugging of LoRa-enabled IoT Sensor Nodes 17

Advanced Remote Debugging of LoRa-enabled IoT Sensor Nodes

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7th International Conference on the Internet of Things

作者： Poetsch, Albert Haslhofer, Florian Springer, Andreas Linz Ctr Mechatron GmbH A-4040 Linz Austria Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Commun Engn & RF Syst Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450353182

This work demonstrates a complete setup of a distributed LoRaWAN-based data-acquisition system where individual LoRa end-devices can be supervised by a remote debugging environment. We present the whole chain of data processing from an embedded Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) monitoring sensor in the field up to the data-storage and visualization for human end-users connected over the cloud. In particular, we focus on the development-process of the low-power sensor node itself, which plays a key role in every IoT scenario. The sensor node's hardware is realized with a low-cost resource-constrained microcontroller unit (MCU) which executes the sensor-application as well as the embedded LoRaWAN stack. We demonstrate the possibility of remote incircuit-debugging of the embedded wireless node's firmware during operation in the field. Together with the possibility to analyze the power consumption and the radio-frequency spectrum of the wireless node as well as undesired RF interferer the ability to remotely update and debug the MCU's firmware allows to optimize the sensor node for the specific usage scenario and the place of its final operation.

关键词： Internet of Things LoRa LoRaWAN Wireless Networks embedded microcontroller RF Power Measurement In-circuit Debugging Remote Firmware Programming

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