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Biosorption of copper(II) ions by flax meal: empirical modeling and process optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) simulation

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ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2015年 83卷 364-379页

作者： Podstawczyk, Daria Witek-Krowiak, Anna Dawiec, Anna Bhatnagar, Amit Wroclaw Univ Technol Dept Chem Div Chem Engn PL-50373 Wroclaw Poland Univ Eastern Finland Dept Environm Sci FI-70211 Kuopio Finland

In the present study, application of waste flax meal was investigated for the removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effect of operating parameters such as metal ions concentration (20-200 ppm), biosorbent dosage (1-10 g/L) and solution pH (2-5) was modeled by both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). This study compares central composite design (CCD), Box-Behnken design (BBD) and full factorial design (FFD) utility for modeling and optimization by response surface methodology. The best statistical predictability and accuracy resulted from CCD (R-2 = 0.997, MSE = 0.34). Maximum biosorption efficiency expressed as the sorption capacity, which was found to be 34.4 mg/g, at initial Cu2+ concentration of 200 ppm, biosorbent dosage of 1 g/L and initial solution pH of 5. The precision of the equation obtained by RSM was confirmed by the analysis of variance and calculation of correlation coefficient relating the predicted and the experimental values of biosorption efficiency. A feed-forward neural network with a topology optimized by response surface methodology was applied successfully for prediction of biosorption performance for the removal of Cu2+ ions by waste flax meal. The number of hidden neurons, the number of epochs, the adaptive value and the training goal were chosen for optimization. The multilayer perceptron with three neurons in one input layer, twenty two neurons in one hidden layer and one neuron in one output layer were required to build the model. The neural network turned out to be more accurate than RSM model in the prediction of Cu2+ biosorption by flax meal. The novelty of this paper is application of response surface methodology in order to optimize artificial neural network topology. The research on modeling biosorption by RSM and ANN has been highly developed and new waste material flax meal as potential biosorbent has been proposed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biosorption Flax meal Response surface methodology Optimization empirical modeling Artificial neural network

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Mechanistic and empirical modeling of skin permeation of drugs

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ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS 2003年第9期55卷 1185-1199页

作者： Yamashita, F Hashida, M Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci Dept Drug Delivery Res Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068501 Japan

The skin forms a barrier to the external environment, maintaining body fluids within our system and excluding harmful substances, while the skin is a site of administration of drugs for topical and systemic chemotherapy. It is an important issue to predict the rate at which drugs or other xenobiotics penetrate the skin. In this article, we review modeling approaches for predicting skin permeation of compounds, including both mechanistic and empirical approaches. Mechanistic approaches can give us much information on understanding of skin permeation of the compounds, such as structure-permeability relationship, contribution of each barrier step, mechanism of penetration enhancers, and in vivo-in vitro relationship. On the other hand, empirical modeling can overcome any inaccuracies of mechanistic models caused by the existence of uncertainties and, therefore, give us better predictions from the practical point of view. Artificial neural networks are being available for empirical modeling of complex skin transport phenomenon. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： mechanistic modeling empirical modeling skin permeability diffusion model structure-permeability relationship transport pathways artificial neural networks

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Experimental study and empirical modeling of CO and NO behaviors in a fluidized-bed combustor firing pelletized biomass fuels

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BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2021年第5期11卷 1507-1520页

作者： Arromdee, Porametr Kuprianov, Vladimir, I Silpakorn Univ Fac Engn & Ind Technol Dept Mech Engn Bangkok 73000 Nakhon Pathom Thailand Thammasat Univ Sch Mfg Syst & Mech Engn Sirindhorn Int Inst Technol Pathum Thani 12121 Thailand

The combustion and emission characteristics were studied in a fluidized-bed combustor burning pellets of five biomass feedstocks: cassava rhizome, eucalyptus bark, rubberwood sawdust, rice husk, and teak sawdust. During combustion tests with an individual pelletized fuel, the heat input to the combustor was 200 kW(th), with excess air varied from 20 to 80%. Temperature and gas concentrations were monitored along the combustor height and also at stack to quantify the major gaseous emissions and combustion efficiency of the reactor for the selected fuels and operating conditions. Experimental data revealed a good/fair similarity of the relative axial profiles of temperature, CO, and NO inside the combustor for different fuels fired at variable excess air. empirical models for predicting the relative axial profiles of the temperature and major gaseous pollutants were derived via regression analysis of experimental data. Using the models, these variables can be predicted at any level in the combustor with an acceptable uncertainty for specified operating parameters. To meet the domestic emission standards for CO and NO, the selected biomass fuels should be fired at excess air of 40%. Under these operating conditions, high (99.2-99.8%) combustion efficiency can be achieved during fluidized-bed combustion of the selected fuels.

关键词： Pelletized biomass fuels Fluidized-bed combustion empirical modeling Relative axial profiles Combustion and emission characteristics

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Berberine finishing for developing antimicrobial nylon 66 fibers: Exhaustion, colorimetric analysis, antimicrobial study, and empirical modeling

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE 2007年第2期103卷 1175-1182页

作者： Son, Young-A. Kim, Byung-Soon Ravikumar, K. Kim, Tae-Kyeong Chungnam Natl Univ Dept Organ Mat & Text Syst Engn Taejon 305764 South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Dept Text Syst Engn Taegu 702701 South Korea

Berberine, a natural cationic colorant was successfully employed onto nylon 66 fiber in this research. The effects of three important variables, namely pH, temperature, and liquor ratio were examined on the % exhaustion, color strengths, and color yields of the sample. It has been employed in antimicrobial finishing as a natural agent on nylon 66 due to its characteristics of cationic quaternary ammonium salt. Antimicrobial activity of the sample was studied against Staphylococcus aurens (ATCC 6538) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352) according to test method KS K 0693-2001 and the corresponding berberine finished sample showed very effective antimicrobial functions showing about 99.9% of bacterial reduction against above-mentioned two bacteria. The maximum % exhaustion, color strengths, and color yields were obtained at 98 degrees C, alkaline condition (pH 11) and lower liquor ratio (20 : 1). An appropriate predictable empirical models were also developed using Excel solver function incorporating interaction effects of all variables to predict the % exhaustion, color strength(K/S), and the satisfactory results (R-2 > 0.99) were obtained. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： berberine nylon 66 % exhaustion colorimetric analysis empirical modeling

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Analytical and empirical modeling of multilayered elastomeric isolators from damping experiments

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2013年第26期332卷 6913-6923页

作者： Dutta, G. S. Venkatesan, C. Indian Inst Technol Dept Aerosp Engn Kanpur 208016 Uttar Pradesh India

Experimental studies have been performed on elastomeric layered composites to characterize the nonlinearity in dynamic stiffness and specific damping energy, so that their performance can be enhanced as isolators. The present study is divided into two parts: (a) analytical modeling of isolator samples, and (b) formulation for glue characteristics. Several samples of layered arrangement of elastomer and metal strips were used in the experiments. Dynamic and static loading experiments were performed. All these experimental results were used in developing nonlinear empirical models for the elastomer characteristics. Furthermore creep-fatigue test was performed to explain certain observed behavior in the elastomer characteristics. Concluding part of the paper discusses empirical formulation of the layered sample considering elastomer and adhesive layers as basic elements, thus evolving a method to calculate adhesive properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Analytical empirical modeling multilayered elastomeric

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Gas mixture detonation method, a novel processing technique for metal powder compaction: Experimental investigation and empirical modeling

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POWDER TECHNOLOGY 2017年 315卷 171-181页

作者： Babaei, Hashem Mostofi, Tohid Mirzababaie Namdari-Khalilabad, Mojtaba Alitavoli, Majid Mohammadi, Katayoun Univ Guilan Dept Mech Engn Engn Fac POB 3756-41635 Rasht Iran

High-velocity compaction of aluminum powders has been studied experimentally using a novel processing technique, called gas mixture detonation method. According to this new idea, 48 experiments have been carried out by gas detonation apparatus at four different total pre-detonation pressures of the gaseous mixture to achieve the maximum relative green density of 97.64%, the maximum relative green strength of 17.88%, and minimum porosity of 236%. The influences variables including initial powder masses, grain particle size distribution, and"loading rate on green density, green strength, and porosity of products have been investigated in details. Also, an attempt has been made to empirically analyze the gas detonation compaction of powders based on dimensional analysis by suggesting new dimensionless numbers for this process. New dimensionless numbers have been suggested based on the effective parameters in gas detonation compaction process. Eventually, singular value decomposition method has been used as a new mathematical approach to obtain the empirical expressions for predicting the relative green density as well as the strength of products. Comparison between empirical and experimental results of the green density and strength illustrated remarkable agreement for all experiments. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： empirical modeling Gas detonation forming High-velocity Powder compaction

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Monitoring manufacturing processes by utilizing empirical modeling

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ULTRASONICS 1998年第1-5期36卷 263-271页

作者： Grabec, I Govekar, E Susic, E Antolovic, B Univ Ljubljana Fac Mech Engn Ljubljana 1001 Slovenia

Application of acoustic emission analysis to the characterization of manufacturing processes and produces is demonstrated. The relations between characteristics of AE signals and process parameters are modeled empirically. The model is built nonparametrically by a self-organized information processing system which resembles a neural network. The network structure is derived based on the statistical description of natural phenomena. During learning the modeler creates a set of representative data which comprise acoustic emission and process characteristics. These data are utilized at the process monitoring for an associative estimation of process characteristics from the input acoustic signals. The performance of the complete sensory-neural network is demonstrated using examples of turning, grinding and friction processes. It is shown how the cutting tool wear, the roughness of the ground surface and the quality of the surface which is generating friction can be estimated on-line. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： acoustic emission empirical modeling process monitoring

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Evolution and empirical modeling of compressive residual stress profile after milling, polishing and shot peening for TC17 alloy

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 2017年第Apr.期26卷 155-165页

作者： Tan, Liang Zhang, Dinghua Yao, Changfeng Wu, Daoxia Zhang, Jiyin Northwestern Polytech Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Contemporary Design & Integrated Mfg Tech Box 552 Xian 710072 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Compressive residual stress is important to improve the fatigue life of components. This paper proposed an empirical model to predict the compressive residual stress profile induced by the integration manufacturing processes (firstly milling, then polishing, finally shot peening). An exponential decay function was used to describe the compressive residual stress profile induced by milling process. Moreover, a sinusoidal decay function was proposed to describe the compressive residual stress profile induced by shot peening process. The integration manufacturing processes model was a deterministic function of the combination of exponential decay function, sinusoidal decay function, and their interaction term. Additionally, an impact coefficient was introduced to describe the influence of polishing process on compressive residual stress profile. The coefficients of the proposed models were related to the input machining parameters. Experiments of TC17 alloy were carried out utilizing response surface methodology and full factorial design to construct these models. Flank wear, tool inclination angle, axial depth of cut, shot peening intensity, and shot peening coverage were selected as five input machining parameters. According to the experimental results obtained, the evolution of compressive residual stress profile after the integration manufacturing processes was investigated, and the proposed models had been developed. The empirical model was validated by two extra experiments and a significantly good prediction was achieved. (C) 2017 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressive residual stress empirical modeling Milling Shot peening TC17 alloy

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Low-order empirical modeling of distributed parameter systems using temporal and spatial eigenfunctions

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COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2005年第4期29卷 817-827页

作者： Bleris, LG Kothare, MV Lehigh Univ Dept Chem Engn Integrated Microchem Syst Lab Bethlehem PA 18015 USA Lehigh Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Integrated Microchem Syst Lab Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

We provide a methodology for retrieving spatial and temporal eigenfunctions from an ensemble of data, using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Focusing on a Newtonian fluid flow problem, we illustrate that the efficiency of these two families of eigenfunctions can be different when used in model reduction projections. The above observation can be of critical importance for low-order modeling of Distributed Parameter Systems (DPS) in on-line control applications, due to the computational savings that are introduced. Additionally, for the particular fluid flow problem, we introduce the use of the entropy of the data ensemble as the criterion for choosing the appropriate eigenfunction family. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： empirical modeling distributed parameter systems eigenfunctions

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Effect of N-methyl-diethanolamine and film forming corrosion inhibitor on gas hydrate, and empirical modeling for degradation

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JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020年 184卷 106522-000页

作者： Alef, Khalid Barifcani, Ahmed Curtin Univ WA Sch Mines Minerals Energy & Chem Engn Bentley WA 6102 Australia

Chemical inhibition is a common solution to hydrate formation in gas pipelines. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) and kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) are the most commonly used hydrate inhibitors, whilst N-methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA) and film forming corrosion inhibitor (FFCI) are usually used as part of a corrosion control program to go alongside these hydrate inhibitors. In this study, the methane hydrate inhibition performance of MDEA and FFCI in the presence and absence of a hydrate inhibitor were assessed. The study found that both MDEA and FFCI may improve the overall hydrate inhibitory performance of the combined solution. When combined with KHI an increase in induction times was found. FFCI may act as a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor, and thus enhance the hydrate inhibitory performance alongside MEG. Furthermore, two empirical models were developed to cater for MEG and MDEA + MEG degradation effect on hydrate phase equilibrium temperature, as this effect cannot be simulated in flow assurance prediction software. Moreover, these models and previously developed models were combined wholesomely in the form of an algorithm to determine the hydrate phase equilibrium temperature.

关键词： Hydrate inhibition Monoethylene glycol (MEG) Kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Film forming corrosion inhibitor (FFCI) empirical modeling

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