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DESIGN AND USABILITY EVALUATION OF AN end-user programming ENVIRONMENT FOR EQUIPPING CONSTRUCTION STUDENTS WITH SENSOR DATA ANALYTICS SKILLS

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION 2025年 30卷 213-242页

作者： Khalid, Mohammad Akanmu, Abiola Afolabi, Adedeji Murzi, Homero Awolusi, Ibukun Agee, Philip Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Univ Texas San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

Classification of construction resource states, using sensor data analytics, has implications for improving informed decision-making for safety and productivity. However, training on sensor data analytics in construction education faces challenges owing to the complexity of analytical processes and the large stream of raw data involved. This research presents the development and user evaluation of ActionSens, a block-based enduser programming platform, for training students from construction-related disciplines to classify resources using sensor data analytics. ActionSens was designed for construction students to perform sensor data analytics such as activity recognition in construction. ActionSens was compared to traditional tools (i.e., combining Excel and MATLAB) used for performing sensor data analytics in terms of usability, workload, visual attention, and processing time using the System Usability Scale, NASA Task Load Index, eye-tracking, and qualitative feedback. Twenty students participated, performing data analytics tasks with both approaches. ActionSens exhibited aAbetter user experience compared to conventional platforms, through higher usability scores and lower cognitive workload. This was evident through participants' interaction behavior, showcasing optimized attentional resource allocation across key tasks. The study contributes to knowledge by illustrating how the integration of construction domain information into block-based programming environments can equip students with the necessary skills for sensor data analytics. AThe development of ActionSens contributes to the Learning-for-Use framework by employing graphical and interactive programming objects to foster procedural knowledge for addressing challenges in sensor data analytics. AThe formative evaluation provides insights into how students engage with the programming environment and assesses the impact of the environment on their cognitive load.

关键词： Construction Sensor Data Analytics Machine Learning Usability end-user programming Construction Education

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end-user programming architecture facilitates the uptake of robots in social therapies

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ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 2013年第7期61卷 704-713页

作者： Barakova, E. I. Gillesen, J. C. C. Huskens, B. E. B. M. Lourens, T. Eindhoven Univ Technol POB 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Dr Leo Kannerhuis Doorwerth Doorwerth Netherlands TiViPE Helmond Netherlands

This paper proposes an architecture that makes programming of robot behavior of an arbitrary complexity possible for end-users and shows the technical solutions in a way that is easy to understand and generalize to different situations. It aims to facilitate the uptake and actual use of robot technologies in therapies for training social skills to autistic children. However, the framework is easy to generalize for an arbitrary human robot interaction application, where users with no technical background need to program robots, i.e. in various assistive robotics applications. We identified the main needs of end-user programming of robots as a basic prerequisite for the uptake of robots in assistive applications. These are reusability, modularity, affordances for natural interaction and the ease of use. After reviewing the shortcomings of the existing architectures, we developed an initial architecture according to these principles and embedded it in a robot platform. Further, we used a co-creation process to develop and concretize the architecture to facilitate solutions and create affordances for robot specialists and therapists. Several pilot tests showed that different user groups, including therapists with general computer skills and adolescents with autism could make simple training or general behavioral scenarios within 1 h, by connecting existing behavioral blocks and by typing textual robot commands for fine-tuning the behaviors. In addition, this paper explains the basic concepts behind the TiViPE based robot control platform, and gives guidelines for choosing the robot programming tool and designing end-user platforms for robots. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robot control Graphical programming end-user programming TiViPE

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end-user programming of time as an 'ordinary' dimension in grid-oriented visual programming languages

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2002年第4期13卷 421-447页

作者： Burnett, M Cao, NY Arredondo-Castro, M Atwood, J Oregon State Univ Dept Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA

Specifying varying speeds and temporal relationships is necessary when programming graphical animations, but support for temporal programming has usually been done by adding new language features to a VPL, and these features must be mastered over and above the other aspects of the VPL. However, some researchers have believed that time should be able to be treated like just another dimension. In this paper, we explore whether programming of temporal relationships can be sup ported using exactly the same devices as in spatial programming in grid-oriented VPLs. Toward this end, we provide a continuum of models aimed at this goal, with their advantages and disadvantages, and identify core issues that help illuminate the essence of the problem. We also describe an empirical study comparing one of these models against a widely used traditional approach. The results were that end users were significantly more successful using the one model tested than with the traditional approach. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： visual programming languages end-user programming temporal programming

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end-user programming of Manipulator Robots in Situated Tangible programming Paradigm 13

End-User Programming of Manipulator Robots in Situated Tangi...

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13th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： Sefidgar, Yasaman S. Cakmak, Maya Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356152

While the cost of creating robots is declining, deploying them in industry remains expensive. Widespread use of robots, particularly in smaller industries, is more easily realized if robot programming is accessible to non-programmers. Our research explores techniques to lower the barrier to robot programming. In one such attempt, we propose situated tangible robot programming to program a robot by placing specially designed tangible blocks in its workspace. These blocks are used for annotating objects, locations, or regions, and specifying actions and their ordering. The robot compiles a program by detecting blocks and objects in the environment and grouping them into instructions by solving constraints. We designed a preliminary tangible language and blocks and evaluated the intuitiveness and learnability of the approach. Our user studies provide evidence for the promise of situated tangible programming and identify the challenges to address. In addition to improving the block design and extending the language, we are planning to integrate tangible programming into a holistic ecosystem of a programming environment in future.

关键词： end-user programming Robot programming Tools Tangible programming Situated programming

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end-user programming and Math Teachers: an Initial Study 2022

End-User Programming and Math Teachers: an Initial Study

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16th Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (ACM AVI)

作者： Andrao, Margherita Desolda, Giuseppe Greco, Francesco Manfredi, Ren Treccani, Barbara Zancanaro, Massimo Univ Trento Fdn Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Univ Bari Bari Italy Univ Trento Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397193

This paper presents a pilot study for an initial assessment of a tangible tool to support end-user programming (EUP) by teachers to facilitate learning mathematics in primary school. The study aimed to explore teachers' reasoning strategies and mental representations during trigger-action rules composition. The pilot study provided initial insight into the strengths and weaknesses of this approach and useful hints for designing a larger and more robust study

关键词： end-user Development end-user programming Mental Models

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end-user programming of Robot-Assisted Physical Training Activities through Behaviour-Driven Development 24

End-User Programming of Robot-Assisted Physical Training Act...

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19th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： De la Rosa, Jose Pablo Silva, Thiago Rocha Sorensen, Anders Stengaard Univ Southern Denmark Maersk M Moller Inst Odense Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703232

In this paper, we introduce an end-user programming approach for allowing physical trainers to program robot-assisted physical training activities without the assistance of a robotics engineer. The approach relies on a textual domain-specific language (DSL) to allow end users to specify the expected robot behaviour through Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) scenarios. To evaluate the feasibility of our approach, we conducted a workshop with a physical therapist who was tasked with programming two different routines for a training robot. Results of the study highlighted the cognitive strategies employed by the end user to solve the task and also the pain points which required higher efforts from the user and should be therefore prioritized in our future work.

关键词： end-user programming Robot programming Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs)

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Semiotic engineering principles for evaluating end-user programming environments

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INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 2001年第4期13卷 467-495页

作者： de Souza, CS Barbosa, SDJ da Silva, SRP Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Dept Informat BR-22453900 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Tecgraf Dept Informat BR-22453900 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ Estadual Maringa Dept Informat BR-87020900 Maringa Parana Brazil

end user programming (EUP) environments are difficult to evaluate empirically. Most users do not engage in programming, and those who do are often discouraged by the complexity of programming tasks. Often the difficulties arise from the programming languages in which users are expected to express themselves. But there are other difficulties associated with designing extensions and adjustments to artifacts that have been originally designed by others. This paper characterizes EUP as a semiotic design process, and presents two principles that can be used to illustrate the distinctions between the various kinds of techniques and approaches proposed in this field. The principles support a preliminary theoretical model of EUP and should thus facilitate the definition and interpretation of empirical evaluation studies. They also define some specific semiotic qualifications that more usable and applicable EUP languages could be expected to have. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： semiotic engineering end-user programming evaluation methods usability theoretical model

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end-user development, end-user programming and end-user software engineering: A systematic mapping study

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2019年 149卷 101-137页

作者： Barricelli, Barbara Rita Cassano, Fabio Fogli, Daniela Piccinno, Antonio Univ Milan Dip Informat Milan Italy Univ Bari Aldo Moro Dip Informat Bari Italy Univ Brescia Dip Ingn Informaz Brescia Italy

end-user Development (EUD), end-programming (EUP) and end-user Software Engineering (EUSE) are three related research fields that study methods and techniques for empowering end users to modify and create digital artifacts. This paper presents a systematic mapping study aimed at identifying and classifying scientific literature about EUD, EUP and EUSE in the time range January 2000-May 2017. We selected 165 papers found through a manual selection of papers from specific conferences, journal special issues, and books, integrated with an automatic search on the most important digital libraries. The answer to our research question was built through a classification of the selected papers on seven dimensions: type of approach, interaction technique, phase in which the approach is adopted, application domain, target use, class of users, and type of evaluation. Our findings suggest that EUD, EUP and EUSE are active research topics not only in Human-Computer Interaction, but also in other research communities. However, little cross-fertilization exists among the three themes, as well as unifying frameworks and approaches for guiding novice designers and practitioners. Other findings highlight trends and gaps related to the analysis' dimensions, which have implications on the design of future tools and suggest open issues for further investigations. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Systematic mapping study end-user development end-user programming end-user software engineering

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user-driven modelling: Visualisation and systematic interaction for end-user programming

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2012年第6期23卷 354-379页

作者： Hale, Peter Solomonides, Anthony E. Beeson, Ian Univ W England Bristol BS16 1QY Avon England

This research enables computer literate engineers to model problems in software by minimising code they need to write. Software development is difficult for many engineers as they may have no time, experience, or access to software development tools necessary to model their problems. Using a combination of modelling via use of formulae (equations) and visualisation of the way these formulae interact, it is possible to construct modelling software without requiring code. This technique of user-driven modelling/programming (UDM/P) could be applied to any problem that requires linked equations to be represented and tracked, and results from these calculated. end-user programming could be tackled by many researchers co-operating to create specific solutions to different kinds of end-user programming problems. A stepped ontology based translation process assists with progress towards a generic solution, this is first applied to engineering modelling. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual programming Visualisation Translation Transformation Meta programming Cost modelling Modelling Decision support Design Manufacture user-driven modelling Semantic Web Ontologies end-user programming

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On some end-user programming constructs and their understandability

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2018年 142卷 206-222页

作者： Mackowiak, Michal Nawrocki, Jerzy Ochodek, Miroslaw Poznan Univ Tech Fac Comp Inst Comp Sci Ul Piotrowo 2 PL-60965 Poznan Poland

Context: end-user programming is becoming more and more important. However, existing programming paradigms and the languages based on them seem far-removed from what end-user programmers would need, especially in the area of Management Information. Objective: To evaluate the understandability of a set of programming constructs based on the spreadsheet metaphor from the point of view of end-user programmers in the context of Management Information. The examined set comprises single assignment with exemplary computations, data-driven iterations, selection by colours, and read-write heads (we refer to this as Board programming). Method: A series of experiments was performed with students of Management Engineering, split into an experimental group and a control group. Each participant was given a piece of code expressed either with the proposed programming construct (experimental group) or its classical counterpart (control group). Their task was to predict the results. For the purpose of evaluation, the FACT indicators of understandability (First attempt failure rate, Attempt number, Cancellation ratio, prediction Time) were proposed and measured. Results: Three of the four examined features, i.e. single assignment with exemplary computations, data driven iterations, and read-write heads, proved to increase understandability of the chosen programs with regard to three out of the four FACT indicators, and these results were statistically significant. Selection by colours was not as effective as expected: the FACT indicator values were improved by that feature, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The described programming constructs appear to be an interesting option when designing an end-user programming language for domain experts in the field of Management Information. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： end-user programming Code understanding Spreadsheets

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