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6th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of programming (programming)

作者： Homer, Michael Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Engn & Comp Sci Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396561

Creating a program that performs even a simple task and shows the result is unapproachable to most people, and even trained programmers face a burden to create a new program. In this paper, we introduce a prototype system and model for live visual dataflow programming where intermediate steps are visible and all components are tangible and manifest. Our system aims to allow a user to dive in and immediately have a working program that can be incrementally extended.

关键词： end-user programming exploratory programming visual programming dataflow programming

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Assessing industrial end-user programming of robotic production cells: A controlled experiment

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2023年 195卷

作者： Mayr-Dorn, Christoph Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Hohensinger, Doris Fuerschuss, Harald Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Software Syst Engn Linz Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Schwertberg Austria

Adapting the behavior of robots and their interaction with other machines on the shop floor is typically accomplished by non-programmers. Often these non-programmers use visual languages to specify the robot's and/or machine's control logic. While visual languages are explored as a means to enable novices to program, there is little understanding of what problems novices face when tasked with realistic adaptation programming tasks on the shop floor. In this paper, we report the results of a controlled experiment where domain experts in the injection molding industry inspected and changed realistic programs involving a robot, injection molding machine, and additional external machines. We found that participants were comparably quick to understand the program behavior with a familiar sequential function chart-based language and a Blockly-based language used for the first time. We also observed that these non-programmers had difficulty in multiple aspects independent of language due to the interweaving of physical and software-centric interaction between robot and machine. We conclude that assistance needs to go beyond optimizing available language elements to include suggesting relevant programming elements and their sequence.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming Manufacturing automation Block-based programming languages Sequential function charts

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Clinical Documentation as end-user programming 20

Clinical Documentation as End-User Programming

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Rule, Adam Goldstein, Isaac H. Chiang, Michael F. Hribar, Michelle R. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol Portland OR 97201 USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Casey Eye Inst Portland OR 97201 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367080

As healthcare providers have transitioned from paper to electronic health records they have gained access to increasingly sophisticated documentation aids such as custom note templates. However, little is known about how providers use these aids. To address this gap, we examine how 48 ophthalmologists and their staff create and use content-importing phrases - a customizable and composable form of note template - to document office visits across two years. In this case study, we find 1) content-importing phrases were used to document the vast majority of visits (95%), 2) most content imported by these phrases was structured data imported by data-links rather than boilerplate text, and 3) providers primarily used phrases they had created while staff largely used phrases created by other people. We conclude by discussing how framing clinical documentation as end-user programming can inform the design of electronic health records and other documentation systems mixing data and narrative text.

关键词： end-user programming electronic health record text input

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Languages and Visualization Tools for Data-Centric end-user programming of Interactive Visualization Designs

Languages and Visualization Tools for Data-Centric End-User ...

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作者： Hoffswell, Jane Elizabeth University of Washington

学位级别：博士

Visualizations can facilitate data exploration and communication of insights. While many tools exist to support the design of interactive visualizations, the development process relies heavily on the user's domain and programming expertise. To facilitate interactive visualization design, improved tools should better align with and enrich the user's mental model. This dissertation contributes three projects to help end-user programmers more effectively author, understand, and reuse both code and data to design interactive visualizations. To this end, this dissertation explores (1) the design of customized graph layouts, (2) the development and debugging process for interactive visualizations, and (3) the synchronization and customization of multiple visualization versions for responsive visualization design. Across these projects, this dissertation explores how new techniques that raise the level of abstraction can help users focus on the domain-specific concepts of interest, while deferring low-level implementation details to the underlying system. A crucial step in this process is to identify and communicate actionable information to the end user. To accomplish this goal, this dissertation contributes three sets of formative interviews with potential users to identify unique challenges and design opportunities for the given domain. These interviews illustrate the disconnect between users' expectations and the functionality provided by existing systems or development workflows, and further highlight the types of tangential, low-level information that systems should hide from the user's view to improve the development process. While this information may be useful for completely or accurately representing the program behavior, such details can unnecessarily complicate the program understanding or debugging process. Motivated by these challenges and interviews, this dissertation contributes new programming languages and program visualization tools to better help end-us

关键词： constraints end-user programming graph layout program understanding responsive visualization visualization Computer science Computer science and engineering

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end-user development, end-user programming and end-user software engineering: A systematic mapping study

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2019年 149卷 101-137页

作者： Barricelli, Barbara Rita Cassano, Fabio Fogli, Daniela Piccinno, Antonio Univ Milan Dip Informat Milan Italy Univ Bari Aldo Moro Dip Informat Bari Italy Univ Brescia Dip Ingn Informaz Brescia Italy

end-user Development (EUD), end-programming (EUP) and end-user Software Engineering (EUSE) are three related research fields that study methods and techniques for empowering end users to modify and create digital artifacts. This paper presents a systematic mapping study aimed at identifying and classifying scientific literature about EUD, EUP and EUSE in the time range January 2000-May 2017. We selected 165 papers found through a manual selection of papers from specific conferences, journal special issues, and books, integrated with an automatic search on the most important digital libraries. The answer to our research question was built through a classification of the selected papers on seven dimensions: type of approach, interaction technique, phase in which the approach is adopted, application domain, target use, class of users, and type of evaluation. Our findings suggest that EUD, EUP and EUSE are active research topics not only in Human-Computer Interaction, but also in other research communities. However, little cross-fertilization exists among the three themes, as well as unifying frameworks and approaches for guiding novice designers and practitioners. Other findings highlight trends and gaps related to the analysis' dimensions, which have implications on the design of future tools and suggest open issues for further investigations. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Systematic mapping study end-user development end-user programming end-user software engineering

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end-user Programmers Repurposing end-user programming Tools to Foster Diversity in Adult end-user programming Education

End-User Programmers Repurposing End-User Programming Tools ...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Kross, Sean Guo, Philip J. Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108100

Efforts to improve diversity in computing have mostly focused on K-12 and university student populations, so there is a lack of research on how to provide these benefits to adults who are not in school. To address this knowledge gap, we present a case study of how a nine-member team of end-user programmers designed an educational program to bring job relevant computing skills to adult populations that have traditionally not been reached by existing efforts. This team conceived, implemented, and delivered Cloud Based Data Science (CBDS), a data science course designed for adults in their local community in historically marginalized groups that are underrepresented in computing fields. Notably, nobody on the course development team was a full-time educator or software engineer. To reduce the amount of time and cost required to launch their program, they repurposed end-user programming skills and tools from their professions, such as data-analytic programming and reproducible scientific research workflows. This case study demonstrates how the spirit of end-user programming can be a vehicle to drive social change through grassroots efforts.

关键词： diversity in computing end-user programming data science

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end-user programming of Manipulator Robots in Situated Tangible programming Paradigm 13

End-User Programming of Manipulator Robots in Situated Tangi...

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13th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： Sefidgar, Yasaman S. Cakmak, Maya Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356152

While the cost of creating robots is declining, deploying them in industry remains expensive. Widespread use of robots, particularly in smaller industries, is more easily realized if robot programming is accessible to non-programmers. Our research explores techniques to lower the barrier to robot programming. In one such attempt, we propose situated tangible robot programming to program a robot by placing specially designed tangible blocks in its workspace. These blocks are used for annotating objects, locations, or regions, and specifying actions and their ordering. The robot compiles a program by detecting blocks and objects in the environment and grouping them into instructions by solving constraints. We designed a preliminary tangible language and blocks and evaluated the intuitiveness and learnability of the approach. Our user studies provide evidence for the promise of situated tangible programming and identify the challenges to address. In addition to improving the block design and extending the language, we are planning to integrate tangible programming into a holistic ecosystem of a programming environment in future.

关键词： end-user programming Robot programming Tools Tangible programming Situated programming

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A Survey on end-user Robot programming

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2021年第8期54卷 164-164页

作者： Ajaykumar, Gopika Steele, Maureen Huang, Chien-Ming Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Comp Sci 3400 N Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA

As robots interact with a broader range of end-users, end-user robot programming has helped democratize robot programming by empowering end-users who may not have experience in robot programming to customize robots to meet their individual contextual needs. This article surveys work on end-user robot programming, with a focus on end-user program specification. It describes the primary domains, programming phases, and design choices represented by the end-user robot programming literature. The survey concludes by highlighting open directions for further investigation to enhance and widen the reach of end-user robot programming systems.

关键词： end-user robot programming human-robot interaction end-user programming

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On some end-user programming constructs and their understandability

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2018年 142卷 206-222页

作者： Mackowiak, Michal Nawrocki, Jerzy Ochodek, Miroslaw Poznan Univ Tech Fac Comp Inst Comp Sci Ul Piotrowo 2 PL-60965 Poznan Poland

Context: end-user programming is becoming more and more important. However, existing programming paradigms and the languages based on them seem far-removed from what end-user programmers would need, especially in the area of Management Information. Objective: To evaluate the understandability of a set of programming constructs based on the spreadsheet metaphor from the point of view of end-user programmers in the context of Management Information. The examined set comprises single assignment with exemplary computations, data-driven iterations, selection by colours, and read-write heads (we refer to this as Board programming). Method: A series of experiments was performed with students of Management Engineering, split into an experimental group and a control group. Each participant was given a piece of code expressed either with the proposed programming construct (experimental group) or its classical counterpart (control group). Their task was to predict the results. For the purpose of evaluation, the FACT indicators of understandability (First attempt failure rate, Attempt number, Cancellation ratio, prediction Time) were proposed and measured. Results: Three of the four examined features, i.e. single assignment with exemplary computations, data driven iterations, and read-write heads, proved to increase understandability of the chosen programs with regard to three out of the four FACT indicators, and these results were statistically significant. Selection by colours was not as effective as expected: the FACT indicator values were improved by that feature, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The described programming constructs appear to be an interesting option when designing an end-user programming language for domain experts in the field of Management Information. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： end-user programming Code understanding Spreadsheets

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IoT end user programming Models 1

IoT End User Programming Models

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IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Practices for the Internet of Things (SERP4IoT)

作者： Reiss, Steven P. Brown Univ Dept Comp Sci Providence RI 02912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728122533

The advent of smart devices and sensors (the Internet of Things or IoT) will create increasing demands for the automation of devices based on sensor, time, and other inputs. This is essentially a programming task with all the problems and difficulties that programming entails, for example, modularity, feature interaction, debugging, and understanding. Moreover, much of the programming for smart devices is going to be done not by professional programmers but by end users, often end users without any programming experience or computational literacy. Our research is aimed at exploring the programming space and the associated issues using a case study of a smart sign that can be controlled using a variety of sensors. We have developed a general system for programming smart devices and, in this paper, explore a variety of different user interfaces for programming this system for our smart sign.

关键词： Internet of things end-user programming debugging program understanding

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