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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Manesh, Daniel Luu, Andy Khalid, Mohammad Li, Jiangyue Okonkwo, Chinedu Akanmu, Abiola Awolusi, Ibukun Murzi, Homero Lee, Sang Won Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Myers Lawson Sch Construct Blacksburg VA USA UTSA Sch Civil & Environm Engn & Construct Management San Antonio TX USA Virginia Tech Dept Engn Educ Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329469

The construction industry is a new avenue for big data and data science with sensors and cyber-physical systems deployed in the field. Construction students need to develop computational thinking skills to help make sense of this data, but existing data science environments designed with textual programming languages create a significant barrier to entry. To bridge this gap, we introduce Octave, an end-user programming environment designed to help non-expert programmers analyze spatiotemporal data (e.g., as gathered by a GPS sensor) in an interactive graphical user interface. To aid exploration and understanding, Octave's design incorporates a high degree of liveness, highlighting the interconnection between data, computation, and visualization. We share the underlying design principles behind Octave and details about the system design and implementation. To evaluate Octave, we conducted a usability study with students studying construction. The results show that non-programmer construction students were able to learn Octave easily and were able to effectively use it to solve domain-specific problems from construction education. The participants appreciated Octave's liveness and felt they could easily connect it to real-life problems in their field. Our work informs the design of future accessible end-user programming environments for data analysis targeting non-experts.

关键词： Construction Data analytics end-user programming Spreadsheets Spatiotemporal Data

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Toward end-user programming for Robots in Stores 12

Toward End-User Programming for Robots in Stores

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12th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： Oishi, Yoha Kanda, Takayuki Kanbara, Masayuki Satake, Satoru Hagita, Norihiro Nara Inst Sci & Technol Nara Japan ATR Intelligent Robot & Commun Lab Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450348850

We develop for social service robots in stores an end-user programming tool that will enable retail managers and sales workers who lack programming expertise to easily prepare promotional contents for robots for such tasks as invitations and advertisements. First we interviewed people who have experience in retail stores and identified both types of expected tasks and the required input for robots to perform such tasks. Then we prepared an initial version of an end-user programming tool. Based on our experience with this early interface, we discuss the 'hidden input' that should also be provided for social service robots so that they can appropriately perform the given tasks.

关键词： end-user programming robots in stores social service robots

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Fostering the Adoption of Pervasive Displays in Public Spaces using Tangible end-user programming

Fostering the Adoption of Pervasive Displays in Public Space...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing*

作者： Turchi, Tommaso Malizia, Alessio Dix, Alan BruneI Univ London Human Ctr Design Inst London UB8 3PH England Univ Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England Talis Birmingham B1 3HN W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374576

Nowadays we are continuously surrounded by new digital systems featuring easy to use and engaging interaction modalities, such as multi-touch, gesture, tangible, or voice interaction. The enriched and natural experience provided by this new paradigm - known as Natural user Interface - has promoted its adoption in many ubiquitous contexts due to its effectiveness in dealing with a wide audience of mostly inexperienced users;Pervasive Displays, namely variously-sized displays ecosystems supporting simultaneous interactions with public screens naturally use those new paradigms. Nonetheless, if we want these systems to stay out in public spaces for long periods of time, they must provide users with an easy way of being adapted to their heterogeneous usage contexts. In this paper, we propose an end-user programming approach to this problem introducing TAPAS, a system that combines a tangible interaction with a puzzle metaphor, allowing users to create workflows on a Pervasive Display to satisfy their needs;we also carried out a preliminary evaluation of our system with second year university students and interaction designers, gathering useful feedback to improve TAPAS and employ it in many other domains.

关键词： end-user programming Tangible user Interfaces Natural user Interfaces Pervasive Displays

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Calling Cards: Concrete Visual end-user programming 22

Calling Cards: Concrete Visual End-User Programming

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6th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of programming (programming)

作者： Homer, Michael Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Engn & Comp Sci Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396561

Creating a program that performs even a simple task and shows the result is unapproachable to most people, and even trained programmers face a burden to create a new program. In this paper, we introduce a prototype system and model for live visual dataflow programming where intermediate steps are visible and all components are tangible and manifest. Our system aims to allow a user to dive in and immediately have a working program that can be incrementally extended.

关键词： end-user programming exploratory programming visual programming dataflow programming

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Investigating the Role of Mutual Cognitive Environment for end-user programming

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6th IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations

作者： Barraquand, Remi Reignier, Patrick INRIA Grenoble Rhones Alpes Res Ctr F-38330 Montbonnot St Martin France

ISBN: (纸本)9783642162381

In this paper we present a situated end user programming approach where user co-constructs, in an iterative process, a mutual cognitive environment with the system. We argue that co-construction of a mutual cognitive environment, between both the human and the system, is a key toward social human-computer interaction. Preliminary results are illustrated with a step by step case study: a user teaches the system new perceptual and abstract concepts using hand gesture and an interactive learning table.

关键词： end-user programming Situation Models Cognitive Environment

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Languages and Visualization Tools for Data-Centric end-user programming of Interactive Visualization Designs

Languages and Visualization Tools for Data-Centric End-User ...

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作者： Hoffswell, Jane Elizabeth University of Washington

学位级别：博士

Visualizations can facilitate data exploration and communication of insights. While many tools exist to support the design of interactive visualizations, the development process relies heavily on the user's domain and programming expertise. To facilitate interactive visualization design, improved tools should better align with and enrich the user's mental model. This dissertation contributes three projects to help end-user programmers more effectively author, understand, and reuse both code and data to design interactive visualizations. To this end, this dissertation explores (1) the design of customized graph layouts, (2) the development and debugging process for interactive visualizations, and (3) the synchronization and customization of multiple visualization versions for responsive visualization design. Across these projects, this dissertation explores how new techniques that raise the level of abstraction can help users focus on the domain-specific concepts of interest, while deferring low-level implementation details to the underlying system. A crucial step in this process is to identify and communicate actionable information to the end user. To accomplish this goal, this dissertation contributes three sets of formative interviews with potential users to identify unique challenges and design opportunities for the given domain. These interviews illustrate the disconnect between users' expectations and the functionality provided by existing systems or development workflows, and further highlight the types of tangential, low-level information that systems should hide from the user's view to improve the development process. While this information may be useful for completely or accurately representing the program behavior, such details can unnecessarily complicate the program understanding or debugging process. Motivated by these challenges and interviews, this dissertation contributes new programming languages and program visualization tools to better help end-us

关键词： constraints end-user programming graph layout program understanding responsive visualization visualization Computer science Computer science and engineering

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Self-disclosing design tools: A gentle introduction to end-user programming 95

Self-disclosing design tools: A gentle introduction to end-u...

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1st Conference on Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, and Techniques, DIS 1995

作者： Giano, Chris Di Eisenberg, Mike Department of Computer Science University of Colorado at Boulder CB 430 BoulderCO80309-0430 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897916735

Programmable tools for design offer users an expressive new medium for their work. but becoming acquainted with the tool's language can be a daunting task. To address this problem. we present a framework for the design of selfdisclosing tools which provide incremental. situated language learning opportunities for designers in the context of authentic activity. By way of example, we present Chart 'n' Art. a programmable application for the creation of graphs and information displays. Chart 'n' Art employs a wide variety of self-disclosure techniques whose purpose is to introduce users to the system's "domain-enriched" dialect of Lisp. © 1995 ACM.

关键词： end-user programming Learning

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Assessing industrial end-user programming of robotic production cells: A controlled experiment

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2023年 195卷

作者： Mayr-Dorn, Christoph Winterer, Mario Salomon, Christian Hohensinger, Doris Fuerschuss, Harald Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Software Syst Engn Linz Austria Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria ENGEL Austria GmbH Schwertberg Austria

Adapting the behavior of robots and their interaction with other machines on the shop floor is typically accomplished by non-programmers. Often these non-programmers use visual languages to specify the robot's and/or machine's control logic. While visual languages are explored as a means to enable novices to program, there is little understanding of what problems novices face when tasked with realistic adaptation programming tasks on the shop floor. In this paper, we report the results of a controlled experiment where domain experts in the injection molding industry inspected and changed realistic programs involving a robot, injection molding machine, and additional external machines. We found that participants were comparably quick to understand the program behavior with a familiar sequential function chart-based language and a Blockly-based language used for the first time. We also observed that these non-programmers had difficulty in multiple aspects independent of language due to the interweaving of physical and software-centric interaction between robot and machine. We conclude that assistance needs to go beyond optimizing available language elements to include suggesting relevant programming elements and their sequence.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Robot programming end-user programming Manufacturing automation Block-based programming languages Sequential function charts

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end-user strategy programming

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2009年第1期20卷 16-29页

作者： Neumann, Christoph Metoyer, Ronald A. Burnett, Margaret Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA

Rule-based programming systems can be fragile because they force the user to account for all logical alternatives. If an unconsidered case does arise during execution, program behavior falls through the cracks into unspecified behavior. We investigate rule-based, end-user strategy programming by introducing our Interactive Football Playbooka domain specific, end-user programming environment to allow American football coaches to create animated football scenarios by associating strategy information with virtual football players. We address the problem of rule explosion through "rule bending" to support a minimalist, scaffolding-driven programming environment. Additionally, we introduce visual language representations for logical and sequential "and" to mitigate end-user confusion with the semantic meaning of these "and" constructs. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： end-user programming Natural programming Visual programming Computer animation American football

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Computer Science Outreach with end-user Robot-programming Tools 17

Computer Science Outreach with End-User Robot-Programming To...

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ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)

作者： Paramasivam, Vivek Huang, Justin Elliott, Sarah Cakmak, Maya Univ Washington Comp Sci & Engn 185 Stevens Way Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450346986

Robots are becoming popular in Computer Science outreach to K-12 students. Easy-to-program toy robots already exist as commercial educational products. These toys take advantage of the increased interest and engagement resulting from the ability to write code that makes a robot physically move. However, toy robots do not demonstrate the potential of robots to carry out useful everyday tasks. On the other hand, functional robots are often difficult to program even for professional software developers or roboticists. In this work, we apply end-user programming tools for functional robots to the Computer Science outreach context. This experience report describes two offerings of a week-long introductory workshop in which students with various disabilities learned to program a Clearpath Turtlebot, capable of delivering items, interacting with people via touchscreen, and autonomously navigating its environment. We found that the robot and the end-user programming tool that we developed in previous work were successful in provoking interest in Computer Science among both groups of students and in establishing confidence among students that programming is both accessible and interesting. We present key observations from the workshops, lessons learned, and suggestions for readers interested in employing a similar approach.

关键词： Robotics Accessibility end-user programming Outreach

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