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检索条件"主题词=entropy coding"

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Rate estimation via maximum likelihood parameter estimation: Application in fast mode-selection within the H.264/AVC

Rate estimation via maximum likelihood parameter estimation:...

引用

Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers

作者： Koohyar Minoo Truong Q. Nguyen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego CA USA

In this paper a novel method to estimate the required bits for representing the coded (quantized) coefficients within a block of natural video sequences is proposed. The proposed method assumes a parameterized probabilistic model for coded data and utilizes a maximum likelihood parameter estimation technique to estimate the model's parameters. The proposed method achieves a robust estimation of the rate based on the estimated probability of each coefficient based on zero order entropy. The rate estimation via maximum likelihood parameter estimation enjoys lower computational complexity, compared to the actual entropy coding of the data. For the purpose of rate estimation we consider a number of options to estimate the parameters of the probabilistic model of coded data. In the context optimal mode selection within the H.264/AVC video codec, the rate estimation method is used to estimate a Lagrangian rate-distortion cost which would be minimized for the optimal mode. The experimental results show that the proposed method considerably reduces the computational complexity while maintaining almost the same rate-distortion coding efficiency compared to mode selection using the actual rate.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Parameter estimation Automatic voltage control Computational complexity Rate-distortion Video sequences Robustness entropy coding Video codecs Lagrangian functions

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Conditional entropy-constrained vector quantization of linear predictive coefficients

Conditional entropy-constrained vector quantization of linea...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： P.A. Chou T. Lookabaugh AT&T Bell Lab. Murray Hill NJ USA

Vector quantization (VQ) followed by entropy coding is used to compress linear predictive coefficients (LPCs) of speech into a variable-rate representation with distortion. It is shown in the LPC case that when a conditional entropy coder is used i.e., when the entropy code used for the current codeword is conditioned on the previous codeword, then a conditional version of entropy constrained vector quantizer (ECVQ) outperforms a conditional version of the straightforward approach by over 27%. Thus, conditioning restores the usual gain of ECVQ over standard VQ. This 27% reduction in bit rate is over and above the 42% reduction in bit rate already obtained by using a conditional rather than memoryless entropy coder in the straightforward approach. The product of these reductions is an overall reduction of 60% in average rate from the original, fixed-rate LPC system.< >

关键词： Vector quantization Linear predictive coding Bit rate entropy coding Speech coding Code standards

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Generalized multiplication free arithmetic codes

Generalized multiplication free arithmetic codes

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： B. Fu K.K. Parhi Department of Electrical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Arithmetic coding has become an important and efficient lossless compression technique for image coding. Multiplication free arithmetic coding algorithms provide excellent tradeoff between operation complexity and coding performance. This paper presents a whole family of multiplication free arithmetic codes which achieve the best coding efficiency and can be used for arbitrary size alphabets. This is accomplished by studying the effects of truncation and rounding in the sub-intervals for approximations. The complete tradeoff between the complexity of operations and compression performance of all the algorithms is presented. The conclusive study shows that there will be no more practical multiplication free arithmetic codes.

关键词： Arithmetic Image coding Performance analysis Degradation Computed tomography entropy coding Adaptive coding Very large scale integration Contracts Probability distribution

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Context-adaptive hybrid variable length coding in H.264/AVC

Context-adaptive hybrid variable length coding in H.264/AVC

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Junlin Li Ghassan AlRegib Dihong Tian Wen H. Chen Pi Sheng Chang Cisco Systems Inc. San Jose CA USA Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

It is well observed that the nonzero transform coefficients for block-based hybrid video coding is more clustered in the low frequency region while more scattered in the high frequency region. Based on this observation, hybrid variable length coding (HVLC) was recently proposed, which divides each transform block into low frequency (LF) region and high frequency (HF) region by a pre-defined breakpoint and encodes the clustered low frequency coefficients with new coding schemes, such as two dimensional position and one-dimensional amplitude coding (2DP1DA) or three-dimensional position and amplitude coding (3DPA). However, the transition between clustered and scattered nonzero coefficients varies with different blocks and sequences. In this paper, we propose a context-adaptive hybrid variable length coding (CAHVLC) scheme, where multiple code tables are used and the code table is adaptively chosen based on the derivable context information from coded neighboring blocks or from the coded portion of the currently being coded block. The experimental results show that CAHVLC achieves about 6.5% ~ 8% bit rate reduction for a wide range of quantization parameters (QP) compared with CAVLC in H.264.

关键词： Automatic voltage control Scattering Video coding Hafnium Frequency conversion Switches Bit rate Quantization Quadratic programming entropy coding

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SBHP-a low complexity wavelet coder

SBHP-a low complexity wavelet coder

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： C. Chrysafis A. Said A. Drukarev A. Islam W.A. Pearlman Hewlett Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

We present a low-complexity entropy coder originally designed to work in the JPEG2000 image compression standard framework. The algorithm is meant for embedded and non-embedded coding of wavelet coefficients inside a subband, and is called subband-block hierarchical partitioning (SBHP). It was extensively tested following the standard experiment procedures, and it was shown to yield a significant reduction in the complexity of entropy coding, with small loss in compression performance. Furthermore, it is able to seamlessly support all JPEG2000 features. We present a description of the algorithm, an analysis of its complexity, and a summary of the results obtained after its integration into the verification model (VM).

关键词： Transform coding Image coding Partitioning algorithms Code standards Wavelet coefficients Testing entropy coding Performance loss Algorithm design and analysis Virtual manufacturing

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Parsing strategies for BWT compression

Parsing strategies for BWT compression

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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： R.Y.K. Isal A. Moffat Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne VIC Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0769510310

Block-sorting is an innovative compression mechanism introduced by Burrows and Wheeler (1994), and has been the subject of considerable scrutiny in the years since it first became public. Block-sorting compression is usually described as involving three steps: permuting the input one block at a time through the use of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT); applying a move-to-front (MTF) transform to each of the permuted blocks; and then entropy coding the output with a Huffman or arithmetic coder. In this paper we prepend a fourth transformation to this sequence: parsing. In the BWT implementations that have been considered to date the unit of transmission has been taken to be the ASCII character. But there is no particular reason why this should be so, and a range of other strategies can be used to construct the sequence of symbols that is fed into the BWT process. We consider some of the issues associated with making this change, and show that in some situations the introduction of a simple parsing stage allows improved compression to be obtained compared to an otherwise equivalent character-based BWT implementation. We also describe an MTF-like ranking transformation that caters better to large-alphabet situations than does the strict MTF rule used in conventional BWT implementations.

关键词： Computer science Software engineering World Wide Web Data compression Sorting entropy coding Arithmetic Decoding Australia Council Dictionaries

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Density-Adaptive Octree-Based Point Cloud Geometry Compression

Density-Adaptive Octree-Based Point Cloud Geometry Compressi...

引用

Ubiquitous Communication (Ucom), International Conference on

作者： Ren Huang Guiqi Wang Wei Zhang School of Telecom. Engineering Xidian University Xi'an China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798350374216

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374223

Point clouds are a widely used format for representing 3D objects and scenes. With the aim of enhancing the streamlined transfer and storage of such data, extensive attention has been directed towards point cloud compression (PCC). This has led to a significant research emphasis on advancing PCC methods. Audio Video coding Standard workgroup (AVS) of China have launched a PCC project, which employs the octree representation to compress the geometry information of point cloud data. This paper aims to improve the coding efficiency of AVS PCC. Specifically, the neighbouring occupancy information is used in various ways to construct efficient context driving geometry entropy coding. To reduce the memory footprint in context construction, a context reduction mechanism is proposed utilizing the historical coding information. Moreover, an adaptive context switching method is proposed to fit the diversity of point cloud distribution. Experimental results show that the proposed octree coding method achieves coding gains over 3.0% and 8.0% for lossless and lossy coding conditions, respectively without runtime increase. Due to the superiority of the proposed method, it has been recently adopted as the geometry coding method in AVS PCC.

关键词： Point cloud compression Geometry Three-dimensional displays Runtime Octrees Switches entropy coding Time complexity Standards Audio-visual systems

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Selective encryption of CAVLC for H.264/AVC

Selective encryption of CAVLC for H.264/AVC

引用

International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA)

作者： N. Khlif T. Damak F. Kammoun N. Masmoudi Circuit and System Team “C&S” National School of Engineers of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

From years ago, encryption became a necessity to transmit data securely. Like message written, fixed images or movies should be encrypted also while transmitted over a public channel. Currently, the literature is pointed to selective encryption for those types of data against attacks. That's to say, the encryption module is inserted into the chain of video compression to reduce the computational time, ensure the security and the reduction of the amount of video data. This paper presents one method of selective encryption based on chaos for H.264/AVC video compression. It consists of the insertion of the encryption part in the entropy coding module (CAVLC: Context Adaptive Variable Length coding). The results will be deducted according to the values of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), SSIM (Structural SIMilarity) and the rate of encryption. Selective Encryption CAVLC (SE-CAVLC) is interesting since it consider both Intra and Inter frame.

关键词： Encryption Video coding PSNR entropy coding Context

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Image sequence coding using wavelet transform

Image sequence coding using wavelet transform

引用

IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop

作者： W.X. Zheng Z.Y. Quan Department of Radio Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)0780336291

In MPEG, video compression is achieved by motion compensation, transformation, quantization and entropy coding. We follow the same path by using wavelet based modules in the coding chain. The prediction error signal is obtained by using variable block size motion compensation, and then, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to the prediction error signal to obtain wavelet coefficients. Some new schemes are introduced. First, a new and effective hybrid coder using quadtree and lattice vector quantization (QTLVQ) is introduced. Second, a new rate allocation scheme is introduced which can flexibly control the coder's output rate and the quality of reconstructed video signal.

关键词： Image sequences Image coding Wavelet transforms Discrete wavelet transforms Motion compensation Transform coding Video compression Quantization entropy coding Wavelet coefficients

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Embedded image coding with context partitioning and quantization

Embedded image coding with context partitioning and quantiza...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Hua Cai Xing San Jiang Li Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China Department of Electronic Engineering & Information Science University of Science and Technology China

As a key part of universal source coding, context quantization is very important for improving compression performance. However, in most existing methods, the quantizer is trained offline and is fixed due to the complexity of finding a good quantizer and the significant overhead of representing the quantizer. This paper proposes a novel online context quantization approach that achieves high coding efficiency with low quantizer overhead and computational complexity. It first partitions the context into groups according to the number of significant context events. A layer-based context quantization is then applied on these groups. The proposed method is applied for embedded wavelet image coding. Compared with the JPEG2000 coder, up to 0.6 dB improvements can be achieved on the standard 512 /spl times/ 512 test images. And more improvements are observed on images at lower resolutions.

关键词： Image coding Quantization Context modeling Bit rate Source coding Asia Computational complexity entropy coding Histograms Information science

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