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检索条件"主题词=entropy coding"

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A constrained adaptive scan order approach to transform coefficient entropy coding

A constrained adaptive scan order approach to transform coef...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Ching-Han Chiang Jingning Han Yaowu Xu WebM Codec Team Google Inc. 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View CA 94043 United States of America

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041183

Transform coefficient coding is a key module in modern video compression systems. Typically, a block of the quantized coefficients are processed in a pre-defined zig-zag order, starting from DC and sweeping through low frequency positions to high frequency ones. Correlation between magnitudes of adjacent coefficients is exploited via context based probability models to improve compression efficiency. Such scheme is premised on the assumption that spatial transforms compact energy towards lower frequency coefficients, and the scan pattern that follows a descending order of the likelihood of coefficients being non-zero provides more accurate probability modeling. However, a pre-defined zig-zag pattern that is agnostic to signal statistics may not be optimal. This work proposes an adaptive approach to generate scan pattern dynamically. Unlike prior attempts that directly sort a 2-D array of coefficient positions according to the appearance frequency of non-zero levels only, the proposed scheme employs a topological sort that also fully accounts for the spatial constraints due to the context dependency in entropy coding. A streamlined framework is designed for processing both intra and inter prediction residuals. This generic approach is experimentally shown to provide consistent coding performance gains across a wide range of test settings.

关键词： Adaptive coefficient scan transform coding topological sort transform coding scanning entropy coding Nonzero Coefficients Transform downward mining

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Fixed length entropy coding for robust video compression

Fixed length entropy coding for robust video compression

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： R. Llados-Bernaus R.L. Stevenson Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA

entropy coding is a fundamental stage in all video compression algorithms. Variable length entropy codes (VLC) are used in current video codecs. Designed to be employed in noiseless applications, these codes are very sensitive to transmission errors. This paper proposes the use of fixed length entropy codes (FLC) as an alternative to VLC in video compression applications. In noisy transmissions the FLC codes have shown a superior performance compared to VLC schemes with synchronization words.

关键词： entropy coding Video compression Noise robustness Video codecs

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EFFICIENT CONTEXT ADAPTIVE entropy coding FOR REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS

EFFICIENT CONTEXT ADAPTIVE ENTROPY CODING FOR REAL-TIME APPL...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Guillaume Fuchs Vignesh Subbaraman Markus Multrus Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen Am Wolfsmantel 33 91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705380

Context based entropy coding has the potential to provide higher gain over memoryless entropy coding. However serious difficulties arise regarding the practical implementation in real-time applications due to its very high memory requirements. This paper presents an efficient method for designing context adaptive entropy coding while fulfilling low memory requirements. From a study of coding gain scalability as a function of context size, new context design and validation procedures are derived. Further, supervised clustering and mapping optimization are introduced to model efficiently the context. The resulting context modelling associated with an arithmetic coder was successfully implemented in a transform-based audio coder for real-time processing. It shows significant improvement over the entropy coding used in MPEG-4 AAC.

关键词： entropy coding audio coding context modelling

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Low Power entropy coding Hardware Design for H.264/AVC Baseline Profile Encoder

Low Power Entropy Coding Hardware Design for H.264/AVC Basel...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Chuan-yung Tsai Tung-chien Chen Liang-gee Chen DSP/IC Design Laboratory Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Low power hardware design for entropy coding of H.264/AVC baseline profile encoder is urgent for the increasing mobile applications. However, previous works are poor in the power performance. In this paper, the first low power context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) scheme named the side information aided (SIA) symbol look ahead (SLA) one-pass CAVLC is proposed, with the non-zero and abs-one SIA flags. A reconfigurable architecture for the SLA module is also proposed to support the low power CAVLC scheme efficiently. The resultant hardware power is reduced by 69% to only 3.7 mW at 27 MHz and 1.8 V for CIF-sized video coding. The total logic gate count is 27 K gates

关键词： entropy coding Hardware Automatic voltage control Energy consumption Video coding Encoding Digital signal processing Application specific integrated circuits Design engineering Power engineering and energy

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A lossless image coder with context classification, adaptive prediction and adaptive entropy coding

A lossless image coder with context classification, adaptive...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： F. Golchin K.K. Paliwal School of Microelectronic Engineering Griffith University Brisbane QLD Australia

We combine a context classification scheme with adaptive prediction and entropy coding to produce an adaptive lossless image coder. In this coder, we maximize the benefits of adaptivity using both adaptive prediction and entropy coding. The adaptive prediction is closely tied with the classification of contexts within the image. These contexts are defined with respect to the local edge, texture or gradient characteristics as well as local activity within small blocks of the image. For each context an optimal predictor is found which is used for the prediction of all pixels belonging to that particular context. Once the predicted values have been removed from the original image, a clustering algorithm is used to design a separate, optimal entropy coding scheme for encoding the prediction residual. Blocks of residual pixels are classified into a finite number of classes and members of each class are encoded using the entropy coder designed for that particular class. The combination of these two powerful techniques produces some of the best lossless coding results reported so far.

关键词： entropy coding Image coding Image storage Microelectronics Australia Local activities Clustering algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Biomedical imaging Satellites

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A New Image Pre-Processing for Improved Performance of entropy coding

A New Image Pre-Processing for Improved Performance of Entro...

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Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition (CCPR)

作者： Yuying Zheng Chun Qi Guanzhen Wang School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

A new pre-processing method through a newly proposed image transform scheme is presented in this paper. It enhances the efficiency of entropy encoders in the compression of images. Before an entropy encoder encodes a stream of pixel values in an image, the proposed method adaptively performs the new image transform under various transform patterns and then selects the transformed image with the least entropy as the pre-processing output. Finally it transmits the adjusted data to the entropy encoder. Statistical characteristic is enhanced after this pre-processing step. The experimental results using 8-bit gray-scale images illustrate that the proposed method efficiently improves the performance of entropy coding by reducing the compression ratio to a much lower level than that of plain entropy coding.

关键词： Image coding Pixel Transforms entropy Image reconstruction entropy coding Face

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High-order entropy coding for tree structured vector quantization

High-order entropy coding for tree structured vector quantiz...

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IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems

作者： Jun Seok Song Seung Jun Lee Choong Woong Lee School of Electrical Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0780337026

This paper presents an efficient noiseless encoding scheme for a balanced/unbalanced tree structured vector quantization (TSVQ) system utilizing high order statistics of TSVQ indices. The proposed encoding scheme includes a reduction method of both the number of conditioning states and the size of entropy table at each encoder state. In addition, to effectively manage a given amount of memory resource, the memory constrained encoding problem is examined. Simulation results show the proposed scheme brings remarkable bitrate reduction even under a moderate amount of memory.

关键词： entropy coding Vector quantization Encoding Memory management Bit rate Arithmetic Electronic mail Statistics Resource management Huffman coding

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Reduced complexity conditional entropy coding of LSP parameters

Reduced complexity conditional entropy coding of LSP paramet...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers

作者： Junchen Du S.P. Kim Department of Electrical Engineering Polytechnic University Brooklyn NY USA

Line spectral pair (LSP) is a major representation scheme for LPC parameters of speech. In this paper, we propose a scheme that utilizes high-order correlations with a reduced complexity. VQ approaches also exploit high-order correlation, but it suffers from high sensitivity to different speech environments. This new scheme is based on scalar quantization plus entropy coding which can give more robust performance. In order to simplify the high-order conditional probability information, conditioning state reduction technique is provided. Due to the state reduction, 2nd order entropy coding is possible using only one minute of speech data with a significant performance gain. We achieve 1 dB log spectral distortion with about 24 bits/frame an average, where 27 bits/frame are needed for VQ at the similar distortion level.

关键词： entropy coding Linear predictive coding Quantization Robustness Speech coding Probability distribution Performance gain Speech analysis Speech synthesis Filters

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Lossless compression of multi-dimensional medical image data using binary-decomposed high-order entropy coding

Lossless compression of multi-dimensional medical image data...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： S.S. Yu M.N. Wernick N.P. Galatsanos AT and T Bell Laboratories Inc. Naperville IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA

Information theory indicates that coding efficiency can be improved by utilizing high-order entropy coding (HOEC). However, serious implementation difficulties limit the practical value of HOEC for grayscale image compression. We present a new approach, called binary-decomposed (BD) high-order entropy coding, that significantly reduces the complexity of the implementation and increases the accuracy in estimating the statistical model. In this approach a grayscale image is first decomposed into a group of binary sub-images, each corresponding to one of the gray levels. When HOEC is applied to these sub-images instead of the original image, the subsequent coding is made simpler and more accurate statistically. We apply this coding technique in lossless compression of medical images and imaging data, and demonstrate that the performance advantage of this approach is significant.< >

关键词： Image coding Biomedical imaging entropy coding Medical diagnostic imaging High-resolution imaging Performance loss Decorrelation Information theory Gray-scale Positron emission tomography

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Practical low bit rate predictive image coder using multi-rate processing and adaptive entropy coding

Practical low bit rate predictive image coder using multi-ra...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： A.N. Kim T.A. Ramstad Department of Telecommunications NTNU Trondheim Norway

The modified differential pulse coded modulation (DPCM) codec with multi-rate processing has been shown to able to efficiently code the source with monotonically decreasing spectrum at low bit rates [A.N. Kim and T.A. Ramstad]. A practical image coder is designed based on this approach. Two dimensional DPCM is used along with decimation and interpolation to reduce the number of transmitted samples. The decimation rate depends on the signal spectrum and the bit rate. Further bit rate reduction is achieved through adaptive entropy coding. Wiener filter is appended in the decoder for minimizing distortion caused by quantization noise. The decimation filter can be implemented using simple IIR filters. The necessary side information is low. Simulation results show that the coder is able to give good compression performance at low bit rates which is superior to conventional DPCM codec and JPEG. Subjective quality can be as good as JPEG2000. While at very low bit rates the proposed codec is able to retain certain image characteristics better than JPEG2000.

关键词： Bit rate entropy coding Codecs Transform coding Pulse modulation Wiener filter IIR filters Modulation coding Interpolation Decoding

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