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检索条件"主题词=entropy coding"

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Compression performance of JPEG encryption scheme

Compression performance of JPEG encryption scheme

引用

International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

作者： C. Kailasanathan R.S. Naini Department of Computer Science University of Wollongong Northfield Avenue NSW Australia

Recent development in the Internet and Web based technologies require faster communication of multimedia data in a secure form. A number of encryption schemes for MPEG have been proposed. In this paper, we evaluate the compression performance of JPEG which has been encrypted with the zig-zag permutation algorithm, suggest a security enhancement to the scheme, and propose an alternative to entropy coding recommended by JPEG to compensate for the compression drop occurring due to permutation.

关键词： Transform coding Cryptography Electronic mail entropy coding Streaming media Huffman coding Computer security Computer science Internet Data security

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A high throughput context-based adaptive arithmetic codec for JPEG2000

A high throughput context-based adaptive arithmetic codec fo...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Keng-Khai Ong Wei-Hsin Chang Yi-Chen Tseng Yew-San Lee Chen-Yi Lee Department of Electronics Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780374487

In JPEG2000 image compression standard, context-based arithmetic coding is adopted for improving compression rate. Efficient and high throughput codec design is required for handling high-resolution images. We propose an efficient architecture for context-based adaptive arithmetic coding, which can achieve high throughput performance. Based on parallel leading zeros detection and bit-stuffing handling, a symbol can be encoded and decoded within one cycle. Therefore, throughput rate can be increased as high as codec operating frequency. The modified encoding and decoding flows are compatible with JPEG2000 standard. For 0.35/spl mu/m IP4M CMOS technology, encoding and decoding rate can run up to 200 M symbol/sec and 175 M symbol/sec respectively. They only cost 6.8 K and 9.8 K gate count. These high throughput performances can meet high-resolution real time application requirement.

关键词： Throughput Arithmetic Codecs Image coding Decoding CMOS technology Costs Transform coding Frequency entropy coding

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Compression and its metrics for multimedia

Compression and its metrics for multimedia

引用

IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： W. Kinsner Telecommunications Research Laboratories Telecommunications Research Laboratories Canada Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769517242

Multimedia involves a myriad of data and multidimensional signals, including not only plain and formatted text, but also mathematical and other symbols, tables, vector and bitmap graphics, images, sound, animation, video, and interactive virtual reality objects. Compression of such signals is usually necessary to fit them into the available communications channels and digital storage, or for data mining. This paper provides an overview of important compression methods and techniques, including lossless entropy coding techniques designed to reduce the redundancy in the critical multimedia material, as well as lossy coding techniques designed to preserve the relevancy of the noncritical multimedia material. Modern lossy techniques often employ wavelets, wavelet packets, fractals, and neural networks. Progressive image transmission is also employed to deliver the material quickly. The paper also addresses several approaches to blind separation of signal from noise (denoising) to improve the compression, and to the difficult question of objective and subjective image quality assessment through complexity metrics.

关键词： Image coding Wavelet packets Multidimensional systems Graphics Animation Video compression Virtual reality Communication channels Data mining entropy coding

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Wavelet-based image coding using fuzzy inference and adaptive quantization

Wavelet-based image coding using fuzzy inference and adaptiv...

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Ming-Shing Hsieh Din-Chang Tseng Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Chungli Taiwan Department of Information Management Aletheia University Tamsui Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)076951695X

A class of image compression algorithms has been developed for exploiting dependencies between the hierarchical wavelet coefficients using zerotrees. The paper deals with a fuzzy inference filter for image entropy coding by choosing significant coefficients and zerotree roots in the higher frequency wavelet subbands. Moreover, an adaptive quantization is proposed to improve the coding performance. Evaluating with the popular images, the proposed approach is comparable or superior to most state-of-the-art coders.

关键词： Image coding Quantization Clustering algorithms Compaction Finite impulse response filter Computer science Information management Inference algorithms entropy coding Frequency

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An improved error resilience scheme for highly compressed data

An improved error resilience scheme for highly compressed da...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： L.M. Manus A. Kokaram Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Dublin Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)0780373766

The coding of highly compressed data streams involves removing as much redundancy from the stream as possible. However, as redundancy is removed, so is the ability of the decoder to recover from error conditions caused by wireless channels, or other lossy communications links. Standard techniques for providing some protection to the stream against channel errors usually involve adding a controlled amount of redundancy back into the stream. Such redundancy might take the form of resynchronization markers, which enable the decoder to restart the decoding process from a known state, in the event of transmission errors. Transcoding schemes, i.e. algorithms which rearrange the data without altering the bitstream length, can be very successful too; the Error Resilient entropy coding (EREC) scheme is particularly applicable to compressed video streams. EREC can be quite easily incorporated into the stack architecture of common communications protocols. This paper presents a modification to EREC which greatly improves its ability to recover uncorrupted data in the event of errors. The new scheme, called Code-Aligned EREC (CA-EREC) achieves this by making minor, imperceptible adjustments to some of the data in the bitstream. This allows the codewords to align with the standard EREC packet boundaries. This paper demonstrates that a subtle change to the standard EREC scheme reduces code loss to an absolute minimum in the event of errors in the channel. Although the scheme presented here has a wider applicability, this paper focuses on video coding, and more specifically on the MPEG-4 video coding standard.

关键词： Resilience Redundancy Decoding Code standards Video coding Protection Error correction Communication system control Transcoding entropy coding

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Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding in JVT/H.26L

Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding in JVT/H.26L

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： D. Marpe H. Schwarz G. Blattermann G. Heising T. Wiegand Image Processing Department Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Berlin Germany

In this paper a new adaptive entropy coding scheme for video compression is presented. It utilizes an adaptive arithmetic coding technique to better match the first order entropy of the coded symbols and to keep track of nonstationary symbol statistics. In addition, remaining symbol redundancies are exploited by context modeling to further reduce the bit-rate. A novel approach for coding of transform coefficients and a table look-up method for probability estimation and arithmetic coding is presented. Our new approach has been integrated in the current JVT test model (JM) to demonstrate the performance gain, and it was adopted as a part of the current JVT/H.26L draft.

关键词： Arithmetic Image coding entropy coding Encoding Context modeling Image processing Video compression Statistics Probability Testing

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Generic construction algorithms for symmetric and asymmetric RVLCs

Generic construction algorithms for symmetric and asymmetric...

引用

International Conference on Communication Systems

作者： Chia-Wei Lin Yuh-Jue Chuang Ja-Ling Wu Communication and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780375106

In this paper, we propose several generic algorithms that can construct symmetric and asymmetric reversible variable length codes (RVLC). RVLC, adopted in emerging video coding standards such as MPEG-4 and H.263+, can be used to enhance the corresponding error resilience capability in the presence of transmission bit errors. Experimental results show that the proposed symmetric RVLC algorithm can produce codes with shorter average codeword lengths and shorter maximum codeword lengths. And the proposed asymmetric RVLC algorithms generate codes with either shorter average codeword lengths or shorter maximum codeword lengths, as compared to the existing approaches.

关键词： MPEG 4 Standard Decoding Video coding Transform coding Tiles Multimedia communication Laboratories Computer science Resilience entropy coding

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Pipelined entropy coders for JPEG compression

Pipelined entropy coders for JPEG compression

引用

Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)

作者： L.V. Agostini I.S. Silva S. Bampi DMEC Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil DIMAp Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Microelectronics Group Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

This paper presents the proposal and design of architectures to be used in the final stage of JPEG compression: entropy coding. This paper focuses on the compression of gray scale images and color images. The entropy coder architectures were described in VHDL and were synthesized for an Altera Flex10kE FPGA. The entropy coder for gray scale images reaches a processing rate of 400 input matrices of 8/spl times/8 pixels per second and the entropy coder for color images reaches a processing rate of 357 matrices per second. This performance is larger than the performance demanded by real time applications and it encourages the use of the entropy coder architectures in a JPEG compressor designed in hardware.

关键词： Transform coding Image coding entropy coding Color Discrete cosine transforms Focusing Field programmable gate arrays Pixel Hardware Microelectronics

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Context formation by mutual information maximization

Context formation by mutual information maximization

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Zhen Liu L.J. Karam Department of Electrical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA

In this paper, the problem of how to form the contexts for context-based entropy coding is studied. The mutual information (MI) between the context and the encoded data is used to measure the context optimality. The MI decreases when contexts are combined together. Given a desired number of contexts, an algorithm is proposed for finding the set of contexts by iteratively combining the pairs that give the minimum MI reduction. The proposed algorithm is applied to form the contexts for the zero coding (ZC) primitive of the JPEG2000 image compression standard. Experimental results show that the number of contexts used as part of the standard can be reduced without loss in the coding performance.

关键词： Mutual information Image coding Arithmetic Decoding entropy coding Iterative algorithms Bit rate Wavelet coefficients Transform coding Performance loss

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Image compression by morphological operators

Image compression by morphological operators

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： R.B. Inampudi T.N. Purimetla P.V. Suresh Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar Guntur AP India Technical Lead (DBA) Oracle Corporation Redwood Shores CA U.S.A School of Computers & Information Sciences IGNOU Maidangarhi New Delhi India

Image compression techniques generally rely on the results of information theory. A decorrelation of the signal followed by quantization and entropy coding of the information to transmit achieves image compression. Mathematical morphology can be considered a shape-oriented approach to signal processing and some of its features are useful for compression. Classical linear signal processing tools are not well suited for a geometrical approach. Mathematical morphology has been developed as a geometrical approach to signal processing. This paper focuses on four morphological tools - connected operators, region-growing version of the watershed, the geodesic skeleton and a morphological interpolation technique, to be attractive for compression, and these tools cover the most important parts of a coding scheme.

关键词： Image coding Image segmentation Signal processing Decorrelation Morphology Quantization entropy coding Skeleton Interpolation Feature extraction

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