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检索条件"主题词=entropy coding"

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Lossless compression for /spl mu/-law (A-law) and IMA ADPCM on the basis of a fast RLS algorithm

Lossless compression for /spl mu/-law (A-law) and IMA ADPCM ...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Dawei Huang Queensland University of Technology Canada

Lossless compression methods are introduced for /spl mu/-law (A-law) and IMA ADPCM standards. Lossless compression means that for a given original input we generate the exactly same output as that of these standards while reducing the bit rates of the compressed files. To keep the same quality, we use the same quantization methods as that in the standards. To reduce the bit rates, we use prediction and entropy coding techniques. The prediction is based on a fast recursive least square (RLS) algorithm which requires less computation than existing RLS algorithms. The entropy coding is based on Huffman coding. The prediction, quantization and coding steps are integrated into an adaptive scheme. Then we can keep the same quality while reducing the bit rates per sample. Comparing to 8 bit per sample /spl mu/-law or A-law, only 3.24 bits per sample are needed for coding of an audio signal with 44100 Hz sampling frequency and 4.72 bits for speech/audio signals at 11025 Hz. Some improvements for IMA ADPCM standard are also obtained.

关键词： Resonance light scattering entropy coding Bit rate Quantization Least squares methods Speech Histograms Decoding Frequency locked loops Huffman coding

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Error-resilient video coding with channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization

Error-resilient video coding with channel-optimized trellis-...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Zhen Liu G.P. Abousleman L.J. Karam Telecom Research Center Department of Electrical Eng Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA Motorola SSG Scottsdale AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780365968

We present an error-resilient channel-optimized coder for the transmission of video over noisy channels. The proposed coder uses a robust channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ) stage that is designed to optimize the video coding based on the channel characteristics. The resilience to channel errors is obtained only at the level of the source encoder, with no explicit use of channel coding. The robust nature of the coder increases the security level of the encoded bit stream, and eliminates impulsive artifacts induced by channel errors. A novel adaptive classification scheme is employed, which eliminates the need for entropy coding and motion compensation. Consequently, the proposed channel-optimized video coder is especially suitable for wireless video transmission due to its reduced complexity, its robustness to nonstationary signals and channels, and its increased security level. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed video coder for a wide variety of channel conditions, without the use of error concealment techniques.

关键词： Video coding Robustness Security Quantization Design optimization Resilience Channel coding Streaming media entropy coding Motion compensation

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Generalizing SPIHT: a family of efficient image compression algorithms

Generalizing SPIHT: a family of efficient image compression ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： R.R. Shively E. Ammicht P.D. Davis Lucent Technologies Inc. Whippany NJ USA

This paper describes a family of list-free tree-set scanning (LIFTS) algorithms, related to Shapiro's (1993) embedded zero-tree wavelet (EZW) coding and to Said and Pearlman's (see IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.6, no.3, p.243-9, 1996) set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm. The principal advantage of the LIFTS algorithms is that they are parallelizable and require greatly reduced computational complexity and memory overhead, while nearly achieving the efficiency of SPIHT. The algorithms may be tailored to special requirements, such as transmission of a fully embedded bit-stream with sub-image refinement.

关键词： Image coding Partitioning algorithms Encoding Image storage Wavelet coefficients Arithmetic Computational complexity Streaming media Vector quantization entropy coding

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Universal variable length code for DCT coding

Universal variable length code for DCT coding

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Y. Itoh Ngai-Man Cheung Tsukuba Research & Development Center Texas Instruments Japan Limited Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780362977

A new technique for entropy coding named universal VLC (i.e., UVLC) was developed and applied to the motion vector. It was shown that UVLC for motion vector coding provides good performance in terms of coding efficiency as well as error resiliency. In this paper UVLC for DCT coefficient coding is presented. The features of the scheme are: (1) adaptable by parametric representation, (2) support of very low bitrate mode and (3) extensible to error resilient mode with bi-directionally decodable code. This favors a flexible image and video coding that should handle a variety of picture types and applications. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme slightly outperforms several VLC tables of existing standards in terms of coding efficiency. It is also expected that the proposed scheme can simplify the implementation and processing of VLC decoder. It shall also be noted that UVLC is being considered as a candidate component technique for ITU-T H.26L, i.e., next generation video coding algorithm standard.

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms Bit rate Decoding Video coding MPEG 4 Standard Instruments entropy coding Bidirectional control Frequency Huffman coding

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Low bit-rate subband video coding using context models

Low bit-rate subband video coding using context models

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： M.Z. Coban R.M. Mersereau Center for Signal & Image Processing School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

We propose a hybrid low bit-rate subband video coding scheme utilizing context models, rate-constrained motion estimation and overlapped motion compensation. Emerging efficient context-based entropy coding techniques fit very well into wavelet/subband-based coding systems, making them very attractive candidates for the entropy coding part of a wavelet/subband-based video coding scheme. A multidimensional probability modeling technique along with context-based entropy coding are utilized to exploit redundancies in the subband structure, yielding better compression.

关键词： Video coding Context modeling entropy coding Video compression Image coding Motion estimation Bit rate Probability distribution Signal design Statistical distributions

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A matching pursuit enhanced three-dimensional wavelet transform coder

A matching pursuit enhanced three-dimensional wavelet transf...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： B. Marusic P. Skocir J. Tasic Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia

This paper presents a video coding approach that is based on a motion compensated three-dimensional wavelet transform, bitplane context based entropy coding with prescanning and matching pursuit approximation of temporal high frequency subbands. This approach to video coding is novel despite of the fact it is a mixture of existing techniques. Experimental results reveal its high competitiveness when compared to the existing MPEG-2 video compression standard.

关键词： Matching pursuit algorithms Wavelet transforms Filtering Video coding Frequency Video compression entropy coding Bit rate Decorrelation Compaction

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Efficient encoding of the significance maps in wavelet based image compression

Efficient encoding of the significance maps in wavelet based...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： L. Oktem R. Oktem K. Eguiazarian J. Astola Signal Processing Laboratory Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland

We propose a method for the efficient encoding of the significance maps in wavelet-based image compression. Adopting the significance map encoding part of the morphology-based scheme, we introduce three new features: exploitation of the knowledge of coefficient magnitudes in the parent band; reordering of the residual part of the significance map; and the employment of hierarchical enumerative coding, a new entropy coding method, instead of arithmetic coding. Experimental results show that utilization of these features bring a consistent improvement. The average improvement is around 7.6%.

关键词： Image coding Wavelet transforms Employment Clustering algorithms Signal processing Laboratories entropy coding Arithmetic Energy resolution Image resolution

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Spatial segmentation of color images according to the MDL formalism

Spatial segmentation of color images according to the MDL fo...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： S. Pateux Temics Project IRISA/INRIA de Rennes Rennes France

We present a new segmentation technique for multicomponent images. This technique is based on the minimum description length (MDL) formalism and aims at finding the best representation model of an image. The resulting segmentation algorithm permits to obtain good segmentations without the need of tuning parameters. Furthermore, the segmentation algorithm is invariant with respect to the linear space changes, which makes this algorithm well suited for color images where the choice of the color space is generally of great importance.

关键词： Image segmentation Color Costs Gaussian noise Principal component analysis Information theory entropy coding Fitting

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RD-optimization of hierarchical structured adaptive vector quantization for video coding

RD-optimization of hierarchical structured adaptive vector q...

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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： M. Wagner D. Saupe Universität Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Summary form only given. This poster contains two contributions to very-low-bitrate video coding. First, we show that in contrast to common practice incremental techniques for rate-distortion optimization such as the generalized BFOS algorithm may clearly outperform the standard technique based on Lagrangian multipliers. This is relevant in cases where the computation of RD points has a low complexity. An implementation independent performance measure is used for comparison and run-time experiments are provided. Second, we report on recent progress of our ongoing research evaluating the prospects of adaptive vector quantization (AVQ) for very-low-bitrate video coding. In contrast to conventional state-of-the-art video coding based on entropy coding of motion compensated residual frames in the frequency domain, adaptive vector quantization offers the potential to adapt its codebooks to the changing statistics of image sequences. The basic building blocks of our current AVQ video codec are: (1) block-based coding in the wavelet domain where wavelet coefficients correspond to (overlapping) spatial regions; (2) hierarchical organization of the wavelet coefficients using quadtree structures; (3) three way coding mode decision for each block (block replenishment, product code vector quantization, new VQ block with codebook update); and (4) rigorous rate/distortion optimization for all coding choices (image partition and block coding mode). This video codec does not apply motion compensation, however. A comparison with standard transform coding (H.263) shows that in spite of the improvements of our coder over previously published AVQ video coders it still shows a performance gap of about 1 dB for some test sequences.

关键词： Video coding Vector quantization Image coding Video codecs Wavelet coefficients Rate-distortion Lagrangian functions Runtime entropy coding Frequency domain analysis

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Optimized triangle mesh compression using prediction trees

Optimized triangle mesh compression using prediction trees

引用

Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications

作者： B. Kronrod C. Gotsman Computer Science Department Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

Recently, a wealth of algorithms for the efficient coding of 3D triangle meshes have been published. All these focus on achieving the most compact code for the connectivity data. The geometric data, i.e. the vertex coordinates, are then coded in an order induced by the connectivity code, which is probably not optimal. This is a pity, as the geometric portion of the data set dominates the code. We propose a way to optimize the geometry code without sacrificing too much in the connectivity code. In our approach, we achieve approximately two bits/triangle for the connectivity before entropy coding, which is not as good as other published algorithms but certainly not significantly worse. Our approach is based on the parallelogram prediction method for mesh geometry. This method is based on the observation that two adjacent triangles in a typical mesh tend to form a shape similar to a parallelogram. If an algorithm uses a parallelogram prediction method then it should build a traversal structure of triangles covering all vertices. The vertex coordinates are then predicted as the structure is traversed. The cost of this code is then the entropy of the distribution of the vertex prediction errors. Since this entropy is hard to manipulate, the accepted practice is to measure the code's effectiveness in the approximation sense, i.e. as the sum of the lengths of the vertex prediction error vectors. The full version of this paper is available at .

关键词： Costs Geometry Tree graphs Prediction methods Decoding Computer science entropy coding Shape Length measurement Design optimization

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