Determination of the cell electro-chemistry, topology, and application requirements are crucial to developing a battery management system for charge equalization in a series-connected stack of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cel...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783030325206;9783030325190
Determination of the cell electro-chemistry, topology, and application requirements are crucial to developing a battery management system for charge equalization in a series-connected stack of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells. The existing literature on topology categorization does not provide battery and battery model selection methodology for battery management system (BMS) development. To bridge this gap in the literature, this paper provides a unique simulation based analysis on the major steps required to build a BMS that include analysis of a variety of existing Lithium-ion cell electro-chemistries, equivalent models, equalization topologies and circuits. equalization circuits and their variants are categorized based on components, topology, balancing time and configurations. Cell balancing simulations are then performed on a centralized and a distributed topology using an appropriate equivalent model identified by the analysis. In addition, the simulation also uses a unique cell equalization algorithm proposed in this paper. The results validate voltage and state of charge (SOC) equalization performance in terms of balancing time and energy efficiency. These factors play a crucial role in maintaining battery life and preventing thermal runaways in electric vehicles (EV) or energy storage systems (ESS).
In this paper, we propose a distributed reservoir-computing based parallel nonlinear equalization for 100 Gb/s vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) enabled optical interconnects. equalization performance of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665481557
In this paper, we propose a distributed reservoir-computing based parallel nonlinear equalization for 100 Gb/s vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) enabled optical interconnects. equalization performance of proposed equalizer is compared with neural network and Volterra series based equalizers and similar performance can be achieved but with very neat and low computational complexity training process. Moreover, this approach, explained as small reservoirs make a mickle, is a scalable network generation solution that is promising for parallel hardware implementation.
Underwater resources are abundant;however, obtaining clear global views of underwater images is often challenging due to factors such as light and other obstacles. In this paper, we propose an improved method for unde...
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The power from lithium-ion batteries can be retired from electric vehicles (EVs) and can be used for energy storage applications when the residual capacity is up to 70% of their initial capacity. The retired batteries...
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The power from lithium-ion batteries can be retired from electric vehicles (EVs) and can be used for energy storage applications when the residual capacity is up to 70% of their initial capacity. The retired batteries have characteristics of serious inconsistency. In order to solve this problem, a layered bidirectional active equalization topology is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a bridge-type equalization topology based on an inductor is adopted in the bottom layer, and the distributed equalization topological structure based on the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit is adopted in the top layer. State of charge (SOC) is used as the equalization target variable, and the bottom layer equalization algorithm based on a "partition" idea and route optimization is proposed. The static equalization experiments and charge equalization experiments are performed by the 12 retired batteries selected from an electric sanitation vehicle. The results show that the proposed equalization method can reduce the SOC difference between retired batteries and can effectively improve the inconsistency of the retired battery pack with a faster equalization speed.
Cell inconsistency is inevitable due to manufacturing constraint. Therefore, cell equalization is essentially required. In this paper, we propose a novel active equalization method based on the remaining capacity of c...
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Cell inconsistency is inevitable due to manufacturing constraint. Therefore, cell equalization is essentially required. In this paper, we propose a novel active equalization method based on the remaining capacity of cells which is feasible for lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles (EVs). The cell models are established based on a combined electrochemical model of lithium-ion batteries. The remaining capacity and state-of-charge (SOC) of cells are observed at the beginning of equalization. The particle filter (PF) method is employed to estimate the cell SOCs during equalization in order to eliminate the drift noise of the current sensor. The first high-SOC cell discharge (FHCD) and first low-SOC cell charge (FLCC) equalization algorithms are proposed and compared with 1% and 3% SOC bounds, respectively. The validation experiment results have shown that the proposed algorithm is suitable for equalization of lithium-ion batteries in EVs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aimed at the abominable influences to blind equaliza-tion algorithms caused by complex time-space variability existing in underwater acoustic channels, a new self-adjusting decision feedback equalization （DFE） algor...
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Aimed at the abominable influences to blind equaliza-tion algorithms caused by complex time-space variability existing in underwater acoustic channels, a new self-adjusting decision feedback equalization （DFE） algorithm adapting to different under-water acoustic channel environments is proposed by changing its central tap position. Besides, this new algorithm behaves faster convergence speed based on the analysis of equalizers’ working rules, which is more suitable to implement communications in dif-ferent unknown channels. Corresponding results and conclusions are validated by simulations and spot experiments.
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