Wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is a promising application area. However, the challenges in designing an energy efficient and reliable WUSN are different from the terrestrial wireless sensor network (WSN). ...
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Wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is a promising application area. However, the challenges in designing an energy efficient and reliable WUSN are different from the terrestrial wireless sensor network (WSN). The main reason for this is the medium of propagation which is soil in case of WUSN instead of air. Characteristic distance is an important parameter for designing an energy efficient network where nodes are energy constrained. Impact of error control code (ECC) on characteristic distance in WUSN is discussed considering both electromagnetic (EM) wave and magnetic induction (MI) as the propagating signal. From the simulation results, it is evident that the values of characteristic distance in WUSN are significantly lower in comparison to the terrestrial WSN. The results also show that MI-based system has longer characteristic distance than an EM wave-based system. Similar to terrestrial WSN, the characteristic distance in WUSN can be increased with the use of suitable ECC if decoding is performed at all the intermediate nodes.
Fingerprint identification has emerged as a popular choice owing to its distinctiveness and inalterability. Nevertheless, most research concentrates on the direct storage of fingerprint templates and depends on finger...
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This paper generalizes the method proposed by Poulliat et al. for the determination of the optimal Galois field coefficients of a non-binary LDPC parity check constraint based on the binary image of the code. Optimal,...
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This paper generalizes the method proposed by Poulliat et al. for the determination of the optimal Galois field coefficients of a non-binary LDPC parity check constraint based on the binary image of the code. Optimal, or almost-optimal, parity check coefficients are given for check degree varying from 4 to 20 and Galois field varying from GF (64) up to GF (1024). For all given sets of coefficients, no codeword of Hamming weight two exists. A reduced complexity algorithm to compute the binary Hamming weight 3 of a parity check is proposed. When the number of sets of coefficients is too high for an exhaustive search and evaluation, a local greedy search is performed. Explicit tables of coefficients are given. The proposed sets of coefficients can effectively replace the random selection of coefficients often used in NB-LDPC construction.
Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) emerges as a promising technology to meet the ever growing demand on a large volume of data transmission in an energy efficient manner in the upcoming fifth generation net...
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Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) emerges as a promising technology to meet the ever growing demand on a large volume of data transmission in an energy efficient manner in the upcoming fifth generation networks. This explores an integrated system model of improved wireless channel estimation (CE) and its consequent effect on image reconstruction, both done in compressed sensing (CS) framework. A massive MIMO channel exhibits sparse nature and has been modelled as a CS problem. Two CS-MIMO-CE algorithms, discrete cosine transform-based stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit and improved stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit (iStOMP), are suggested here. Low density parity check codes are also integrated to serve three-fold purposes, as a pilot signal, sensing matrix, and error control code, while Daubechies transform offers a sparse representation of the MIMO channel and transmitted image. The proposed iStOMP MIMO-CE algorithm offers $\sim 6\,{\rm dB}$similar to 6dB gain in CE over the existing works and gain in 2 dB on image visual quality at 75% CS measurements.
Extending work of M. Zarzar, we evaluate the potential of Goppa-type evaluation codes constructed from linear systems on projective algebraic surfaces with small Picard number. Putting this condition on the Picard num...
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Extending work of M. Zarzar, we evaluate the potential of Goppa-type evaluation codes constructed from linear systems on projective algebraic surfaces with small Picard number. Putting this condition on the Picard number provides some control over the numbers of irreducible components of curves on the surface and hence over the minimum distance of the codes. We find that such surfaces do not automatically produce good codes;the sectional genus of the surface also has a major influence. Using that additional invariant, we derive bounds on the minimum distance under the assumption that the hyperplane section class generates the Neron-Severi group. We also give several examples of codes from such surfaces with minimum distance better than the best known bounds in Grassl's tables.
One of the major issues in wireless sensor network (WSN) is to reduce the energy consumption and ensuring the reliability of data. errorcontrol is significant in WSN because of their severe energy constraints and the...
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One of the major issues in wireless sensor network (WSN) is to reduce the energy consumption and ensuring the reliability of data. errorcontrol is significant in WSN because of their severe energy constraints and the low power communication requirements. Here, we propose the cross layered adaptive rate optimized low-density parity check codes for WSN. The proposed algorithm uses the physical layer parameters such as coherence time of the channel, BER and SNR also the routing layer parameter such as demanded data rate to determine the rate of the LDPC coder. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using parameters such as time taken for encoding the message bits and decoding time per iteration for various values of codeword length is analyzed. Besides the push model is trained to calculate the quantity of energy required for imparting and receiving n-bits using A mu AMPS-1 mote.
The channel codec simulation system was designed based on Lab VIEW software development *** the errorcontrol coding theory and method as basis and the(7,4)Hamming code and(7,3) cyclic code for example,by generating o...
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The channel codec simulation system was designed based on Lab VIEW software development *** the errorcontrol coding theory and method as basis and the(7,4)Hamming code and(7,3) cyclic code for example,by generating one bit errorcode in an artificially analog channel transmission,the system simulated the entire process of channel encoding and decoding *** show that the system simulates and verifies the error detection and correction capabilities for channel encoding effectively.
This paper presents a new parallel architecture of syndrome generator for a high-speed BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) decoder. In particular, the proposed parallel syndrome generators are based on LFSR (linear feedb...
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This paper presents a new parallel architecture of syndrome generator for a high-speed BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) decoder. In particular, the proposed parallel syndrome generators are based on LFSR (linear feedback shift register) architecture to achieve high throughput without significant area overhead. From the experimental results, the proposed approach achieves 4.60 Gbps using 0.25-mu m standard CMOS technology. This result is much faster than the conventional byte-wise GFM-based counterpart. The high throughputs are due to the well-tuned hardware implementation using unfolding transformation.
With aggressive supply voltage scaling, SRAM bit-cell failures in the embedded memory of the H.264 system result in significant degradation to video quality. error Correction Coding (ECC) has been widely used in the e...
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With aggressive supply voltage scaling, SRAM bit-cell failures in the embedded memory of the H.264 system result in significant degradation to video quality. error Correction Coding (ECC) has been widely used in the embedded memories in order to correct these failures, however, the conventional ECC approach does not consider the differences in the importance of the data stored in the memory. This paper presents a priority based ECC (PB-ECC) approach, where the more important higher order bits (HOBs) are protected with higher priority than the less important lower order bits (LOBs) since the human visual system is less sensitive to LOB errors. The mathematical analysis regarding the error correction capability of the PB-ECC scheme and its resulting peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) degradation in H.264 system are also presented to help the designers to determine the bit-allocation of the higher and lower priority segments of the embedded memory. We designed and implemented three PB-ECC cases (Hamming only, BCH only, and Hybrid PB-ECC) using 90 nm CMOS technology. With the supply voltage at 900 mV or below, the experiment results delivers up to 6.0 dB PSNR improvement with a smaller circuit area compared to the conventional ECC approach.
This paper presents a test generation technique for detecting stuck-at (SAF) and transition delay fault (TDF) at gate level in the finite-field systolic multiplier over GF(2(m)) based on polynomial basis. The proposed...
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This paper presents a test generation technique for detecting stuck-at (SAF) and transition delay fault (TDF) at gate level in the finite-field systolic multiplier over GF(2(m)) based on polynomial basis. The proposed technique derives test vectors from the cell expressions of systolic multipliers without any requirement of Automatic test Pattern Generation (ATPG) tool. The complete systolic architecture is C-testable for SAP and TDF with only six constant tests. The test vectors are independent of the multiplier size. The test set provides 100% single SAF and TDF coverage.
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