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error control scheme for high-speed DVD systems

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2005年第4期51卷 1197-1203页

作者： Lee, J Lee, J Park, T Samsung Elect Co Ltd Storage Syst Div Suwon 443742 South Korea Soongsil Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 156743 South Korea Catholic Univ Korea Sch Informat Commun & Elect Engn Puchon 420743 South Korea

We present a powerful error control decoder which can be used in all of the commercial D VD systems. The decoder exploits the error information from the modulation decoder in order to increase the error correcting capability. We can identify that the modulation decoder in DVD system can detect errors more than 60% of total errors when burst errors are occurred. In results, for a decoded block, error correcting capability of the proposed scheme is improved up to 25% more than that of the original error control decoder. In addition, the more the burst error length is increased, the better the decoder performance. Also, a pipeline-balanced RSPC decoder with a low hardware complexity is designed to maximize the throughput. The maximum throughput of the RSPC decoder is 740Mbps@100MHz and the number of gate counts is 20.3K for RS (182, 172, 11) decoder and 30.7K for RS (208, 192, 17) decoder, respectively(1).

关键词： DVD error control coding EFMPlus code RSPC erasure decoding

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High-Throughput Efficient Non-Binary LDPC Decoder Based on the Simplified Min-Sum Algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2012年第11期59卷 2784-2794页

作者： Chen, Xiaoheng Wang, Chung-Li SanDisk Corp Milpitas CA 95035 USA LSI Corp Milpitas CA 95035 USA

Non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes are robust to various channel impairments. The excessive computational complexity and memory usage of the existing decoder designs are considerably expensive for practical applications. Based on a newly proposed simplified min-sum algorithm, which only has 0.05-0.1 dB performance loss against the sum-product algorithm, a highly efficient decoder architecture is developed. Compared with the existing works, our design has three advantages. First, the design increases the parallelism and throughput of the decoder by three to four times. The implementation results for the decoder show high throughput of 64 Mbps at 15 iterations. Second, this design saves memory usage by 38% to 76%. Third, this design shows 2.64 X area efficiency improvement even compared with the most state-of-the-art design.

关键词： Decoder architecture error control coding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes non-binary VLSI design

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Techniques for Compensating Memory errors in JPEG2000

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2013年第1期21卷 159-163页

作者： Emre, Yunus Chakrabarti, Chaitali Arizona State Univ Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn Tempe AZ 85281 USA

This paper presents novel techniques to mitigate the effects of SRAM memory failures caused by low voltage operation in JPEG2000 implementations. We investigate error control coding schemes, specifically single error correction double error detection code based schemes, and propose an unequal error protection scheme tailored for JPEG2000 that reduces memory overhead with minimal effect in performance. Furthermore, we propose algorithm-specific techniques that exploit the characteristics of the discrete wavelet transform coefficients to identify and remove SRAM errors. These techniques do not require any additional memory, have low circuit overhead, and more importantly, reduce the memory power consumption significantly with only a small reduction in image quality.

关键词： error compensation error control coding JPEG2000 SRAM errors voltage scaling

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Video image transmission over mobile satellite channels

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2001年第6期16卷 531-540页

作者： Wang, WX Blostein, SD Queens Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada

This paper addresses the transmission of low bit-rate video image sequences through mobile satellite channels to provide portable communications services to remote areas. The particularly challenging aspects of this transmission channel include (1) rapid fading and log-normal shadowing, (2) low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the noise-limited channel, (3) the satellite's geostationary orbit which incurs a large 250 ms roundtrip propagation delay, (4) limited existing bandwidth near 2 GHz;the video service is to overlay existing Mobile Satellite (MSAT) voice service using a minimum number of 6 kHz (analog bandwidth) channels, and (5) the use of travelling-wave-tube amplifiers which preclude the bandwidth-efficient quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) proposed for terrestrial high-definition TV (HDTV) broadcast. In the proposed concatenated system, the inner codec is compatible with both voice as well as future-oriented error-resilient, scalable video compression schemes. The key issues are the joint design of on-line channel estimation, soft-decision decoding, trellis-coded modulation (TCM), interleaving depths, and error correcting codes. We have shown through end-to-end bit-level simulation, that highly reliable transmission of 24 and 64 kbps video (H.263) can be realized at 15 and 40.5 kBd, respectively, with low delay, power and modest overall system complexity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.v. All rights reserved.

关键词： satellite communications video image compression mobile communications wireless communications error control coding

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AN error control-SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE-STAGE FORWARD error CORRECTIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1990年第10期38卷 1799-1809页

作者： TAKATA, T FUJIWARA, T KASAMI, T LIN, S UNIV HAWAII MANOA DEPT ELECT ENGNHONOLULUHI 96822

In this paper, a robust error control coding scheme is presented. The scheme is a cascaded FEC scheme supported by parity retransmissionsfor furthererrorcorrection in the erroneous data words. The error performance and throughput efficiency of the scheme are analyzed. Two specific schemes are studied. We show that both schemes provide high reliability and throughput efficiency even for high channel bitsrror rates in the range of 10 -*. The schemes are suitable for high data rate file transfer.

关键词： .error performance error correction FEC scheme outer code retransmissions inner code error control coding code is used throughput efficiency specific schemes parity symbols

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Fast Decoding of Polar Codes for Digital Broadcasting Services in 5G

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 2024年第2期70卷 731-738页

作者： Sun, He Viterbo, Emanuele Dai, Bin Liu, Rongke Beihang Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect Comp Engn Singapore 119077 Singapore Monash Univ Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn Clayton Vic 3800 Australia Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Internet Things Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Beihang Univ Shenzhen Inst Shenzhen 518063 Peoples R China

The rapid revolution of mobile communication technology provides a great avenue for efficient information transmission to facilitate digital multimedia services. In current 5G systems, broadcasting technology is used to improve the efficiency of information transmission, and polar codes are adopted to improve data transmission reliability. Reducing the decoding latency of polar codes is of great importance for ultra-low-latency and reliable data transmission for 5G broadcasting, which still remains a challenge in digital broadcasting services. In this paper, we propose an aggregation method to construct constituent codes for reducing the decoding latency of polar codes. The aggregation method jointly exploits the structure and reliability of constituent codes to increase the lengths of constituent codes that can be decoded in parallel, thus significantly reducing the decoding latency. Furthermore, an efficient parallel decoding algorithm is integrated with the proposed aggregation method to efficiently decode the reliable constituent codes without sacrificing error-correction performance. Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the decoding latency as compared to the existing state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： Physical broadcast channel physical downlink control channel error control coding 5G/6G

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A simple figure of merit for evaluating interleaver depth for the land-mobile satellite channel

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2001年第8期49卷 1343-1353页

作者： Rice, M Perrins, E Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Provo UT 84602 USA Motorola Inc Secure Design Ctr Commercial Govt & Ind Solut Sector Schaumburg IL 60196 USA

The selection of interleaver depth for the land-mobile satellite channel is investigated by analyzing the performance of convolutionally encoded BPSK and DPSK over a frequency-nonselective correlated Ricean fading channel. By extending previous analyses of partially interleaved convolutional codes over such channels, a new figure of merit-which is a function of the channel correlation function-is identified. Simulation results for the first-order Butterworth, Jakes, and Divsalar fading spectra are presented which demonstrate the applicability of the figure of merit as an aid in interleaver design. The figure of merit also tracks the nonmonotonic, or quasi-oscillatory, behavior of the decoded bit error rate with increasing interleaver depths in those situations where this occurs.

关键词： error control coding interleaver land-mobile satellite channel

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Minimizing Low-Rank Models of High-Order Tensors: Hardness, Span, Tight Relaxation, and Applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年 72卷 129-142页

作者： Sidiropoulos, Nicholas D. Karakasis, Paris A. Konar, Aritra Univ Virginia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Elect Engn B-3001 Leuven Belgium

We consider the problem of finding the smallest or largest entry of a tensor of order $N$ that is specified via its rank decomposition. Stated in a different way, we are given $N$ sets of $R$-dimensional vectors and we wish to select one vector from each set such that the sum of the Hadamard product of the selected vectors is minimized or maximized. We show that this fundamental tensor problem is NP-hard for any tensor rank higher than one, and polynomial-time solvable in the rank-one case. We also propose a continuous relaxation and prove that it is tight for any rank. For low-enough ranks, the proposed continuous reformulation is amenable to low-complexity gradient-based optimization, and we propose a suite of gradient-based optimization algorithms drawing from projected gradient descent, Frank-Wolfe, or explicit parametrization of the relaxed constraints. We also show that our core results remain valid no matter what kind of polyadic tensor model is used to represent the tensor of interest, including Tucker, HOSVD/MLSVD, tensor train, or tensor ring. Next, we consider the class of problems that can be posed as special instances of the problem of interest. We show that this class includes the partition problem (and thus all NP-complete problems via polynomial-time transformation), integer least squares, integer linear programming, integer quadratic programming, sign retrieval (a special kind of mixed integer programming / restricted version of phase retrieval), and maximum likelihood decoding of parity check codes. We demonstrate promising experimental results on a number of hard problems, including state-of-art performance in decoding low density parity check codes and general parity check codes.

关键词： Tensors Computational modeling Complexity theory Maximum likelihood decoding Matrix decomposition Signal processing algorithms Optimization rank decomposition inner product algorithms complexity theory NP-hard problems error control coding maximum likelihood decoding parity check codes belief propagation under/over-determined linear equations Galois fields sign retrieval

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Retransmission-based error control for scalable streaming media systems

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第1期14卷 013009.1-013009.2页

作者： Zimmermann, R Fu, K Liao, F Univ So Calif Integrated Media Syst Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Large-scale continuous media (CM) system implementations require scalable servers most likely built from clusters of storage nodes. Across such nodes, random data placement is an attractive alternative to the traditional round-robin striping. One benefit of random placement is that additional nodes can be added with low data-redistribution overhead such that the system remains load balanced. One of the challenges in this environment is the implementation of a retransmission-based error control (RBEC) technique. Because data is randomly placed, a client may not know which server node to ask for a lost packet retransmission. We design and implement three RBEC techniques that utilize the benefits of random data placement in a cluster server environment while enabling a client to efficiently identify the correct server node for lost packet requests. We implement and evaluate our techniques with a one-, two-, four-, and eight-way server cluster and across local and wide-area networks. Our results show the feasibility and effectiveness of our approaches in a real-world environment and also identify one solution as generally superior to the other two. 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Local area networks error control coding Video Curium Data storage Internet Forward error correction Multimedia error analysis Environmental sensing

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Coded asynchronous CDMA and its efficient detection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1998年第7期44卷 2837-2847页

作者： Schlegel, C Alexander, P Roy, S Univ Utah Dept Elect Engn Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Ctr Wireless Commun Singapore 117674 Singapore Univ Texas Div Engn San Antonio TX 78249 USA

In this paper, receiver design and performance analysis for coded asynchronous code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems is considered. The receiver front-end consists of the near-far resistant multiuser detector known as the projection receiver (PR), The PR performs multiple-access interference resolution and is followed by error-control decoding. The output of the projection receiver yields the appropriate metric (i.e., soft information) for decoding of the coded sequences, An expression for the metric is derived that allows the use of a standard sequence decoder (e.g., Viterbi algorithm, M-algorithm) for the error-control code. It is then shown that the metric computer has an elegant adaptive implementation based on an extension of the familiar recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. The adaptive PR operates on a single sample per chip and achieves a performance virtually identical to the algebraic PR, but with significantly less complexity. The receiver performance is studied for CDMA systems,vith fixed and random spreading sequences, and theoretical performance degradations with regard to the single-user bound are derived. The near-far resistance of the PR is also proven, and demonstrated by simulation.

关键词： CDMA error control coding least means squares (LMS) multiple access multiuser receivers projection receiver recursive least means squares (RLS)

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