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A Systematic Approach to Incremental Redundancy With Application to Erasure Channels

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第4期67卷 2620-2631页

作者： Heidarzadeh, Anoosheh Chamberland, Jean-Francois Wesel, Richard D. Parag, Parimal Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Indian Inst Sci Dept Elect Commun Engn Bengaluru 560012 India

This paper focuses on the design and evaluation of pragmatic schemes for delay-sensitive communication. Specifically, this contribution studies the operation of data links that employ incremental redundancy as a means to shield information bits from the degradation associated with unreliable channels. While this inquiry puts forth a general methodology, exposition centers around erasure channels because they are well suited for analysis. Nevertheless, the goal is to identify both structural properties and design guidelines that are broadly applicable. Conceptually, this paper leverages a methodology, termed sequential differential optimization, aimed at identifying near-optimal block sizes for hybrid ARQ. This technique is applied to erasure channels and it is extended to scenarios where throughput is maximized subject to a constraint on the feedback rate. The analysis shows that the impact of the coding strategy adopted and the propensity of the channel to erase symbols naturally decouple when maximizing throughput. Ultimately, block size selection is informed by approximate distributions on the probability of decoding success at every stage of the incremental transmission process. This novel perspective, which rigorously bridges hybrid automatic repeat request and coding, offers a computationally efficient framework to select code rates and blocklengths for incremental redundancy. These findings are supported through numerical results.

关键词： Feedback communication optimization methods variable length codes error correction coding channel coding automatic repeat request maximum likelihood decoding

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Front surface recording reliability studies

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS 2004年第7B期43卷 4890-4895页

作者： Bell, BW Blankenbeckler, DL Howe, DG Lee, LW DPHI Inc Boulder CO 80301 USA Univ Arizona Ctr Opt Sci Opt Data Storage Ctr Tucson AZ 85721 USA

The data reliability of a front surface optical recording system using a 32 mm disk is demonstrated. The system has approximately the same areal density as the digital versatile disk (DVD) system but utilizes an enhanced error correction coding (ECC) architecture. Theoretical statistical error analysis of the ECC subsystem shows a significantly reduced miscorrection probability. Experimental results from laboratory smoke and dust contamination studies as well as real world experiments performed in an office, a smoky bar, and a greasy kitchen environment are discussed and confirm the robust performance of the system predicted by the theory.

关键词： optical recording ECC error correction coding front surface recording 32mm disk data reliability correction strategy DataPlay

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Models and algorithmic limits for an ECC-Based approach to hardening sub-100-nm SRAMs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2007年第4期54卷 935-945页

作者： Bajura, Michael A. Boulghassoul, Younes Naseer, Riaz DasGupta, Sandeepan Witulski, Arthur F. Sondeen, Jeff Stansberry, Scott D. Draper, Jeffrey Massengill, Lloyd W. Damoulakis, John N. Univ So Calif Inst Informat Sci Viterbi Sch Engn Marina Del Rey CA 90292 USA Vanderbilt Univ Inst Space & Defense Elect Nashville TN 37235 USA

A mathematical bit error rate (BER) model for upsets in memories protected by error-correcting codes (ECCs) and scrubbing is derived. This model is compared with expected upset rates for sub-100-nm SRAM memories in space environments. Because sub-100-nm SRAM memory cells can be upset by a critical charge (Q(crit)) of 1.1 fC or less, they may exhibit significantly higher upset rates than those reported in earlier technologies. Because of this, single-bit-correcting ECCs may become impractical due to memory scrubbing rate limitations. The overhead needed for protecting memories with a triple-bit-correcting ECC is examined relative to an approximate 2X '' process generation '' scaling penalty in area, speed, and power.

关键词： error correction coding memory fault tolerance radiation effects

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100G and Beyond Transmission Technologies for Evolving Optical Networks and Relevant Physical-Layer Issues

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2012年第5期100卷 1065-1078页

作者： Ip, Ezra Ji, Philip Mateo, Eduardo Huang, Yue-Kai Xu, Lei Qian, Dayou Bai, Neng Wang, Ting NEC Labs Amer Princeton NJ 08540 USA Univ Cent Florida CREOL Orlando FL 32816 USA

As 100-Gb/s/lambda digital coherent systems enter commercial deployment, an effort is underway to uncover the technologies that will enable the next-generation optical fiber communication systems. We envisage that future optical transport will be software-defined, enabling flexible allocation of bandwidth resources, with dynamically adjustable per-channel data rates based on instantaneous traffic demand and quality-of-service requirements, leading to unprecedented network agility. Software-defined transponders will have the programmability to adopt various modulation formats, coding rates, and the signal bandwidth based on the transmission distance and type of fiber. Digital signal processing will become increasingly ubiquitous and sophisticated, capable of compensating all types of channel impairments, enabling advanced forward error correction coding, and performing functions previously handled poorly by optical analog hardware such as spectrum shaping and demultiplexing of optical channels.

关键词： Coherent detection digital signal processing error correction coding fiber optic communications modulation formats multimode fibers multicore fibers nonlinear compensation optical time division multiplexing optical signal processing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing single mode fibers space division multiplexing

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An Image Authentication Scheme for Accurate Localization and Restoration

An Image Authentication Scheme for Accurate Localization and...

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12th International Workshop on Digital-Forensics and Watermarking (IWDW)

作者： Yang, Qunting Gao, Tiegang Civil Aviat Univ China Coll Air Traff Management Tianjin 300300 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Coll Software\ Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783662438862;9783662438855

This paper presents a novel watermarking scheme for image tampering localization and restoration. The authentication data is generated according to the 5 most significant bits of all pixels and then compressed to reduce the occupied space. The main content of all image blocks is transform to recovery data to restore the tampered version. The error correction coding is introduced to improve restorable recovery version. The reduced authentication data and recovery data is concatenated and embedded into the 3 least significant bits of the all pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can accurately localize the tampered pixels of the watermarked image and perfectly recover the corresponding tampered image areas.

关键词： Image authentication Accurate localization Image restoration error correction coding

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Turbo Codification Techniques for error Control in a Communication Channel

Turbo Codification Techniques for Error Control in a Communi...

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9th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI)

作者： Manrique Ramirez, Pablo Marquez Ramirez, Rafael Antonio Pogrebnyak, Oleksiy Sanchez Fernandez, Luis Pastor Inst Politecn Nacl Ctr Invest Computac Mexico City 07738 DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783642167607

An implementation of the turbo coding technique for data error detection and correction in data transmission is presented. The turbo coding technique is known to be efficient in data transmission adding redundant parity that provides a high error correction capacity decreasing the number of erroneous bits for low signal to noise ratios increasing the number of iterations. The turbo encoder and turbo decoder were implemented in a FPGA development system. The design is oriented to reach a transmission speed near to the theoretical Shannon's capacity of the communication channel and minimum possible energy consumption using only the FPGA resources without external memories.

关键词： error correction coding turbo coding FPGA

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A SEMI-ANALYTICAL BIVARIATE GAUSSIAN MODEL OF THE APPROXIMATION error IMPACT ON THE MIN-SUM LDPC DEcoding ALGORITHM

A SEMI-ANALYTICAL BIVARIATE GAUSSIAN MODEL OF THE APPROXIMAT...

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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)

作者： Kanistras, Nikos Paliouras, Vassilis Univ Patras Dept Elect & Comp Engn Patras 26500 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781467362382

In this paper, a new theoretical model that describes the impact of the approximation error on the decisions taken by LDPC decoders is discussed. In particular, the theoretical model extends previous results and reconstructs the mechanism, by means of which the approximation error alters the decisions of the decoding algorithm, with respect to the decisions taken by the optimal decoding algorithm, namely Log Sum-Product. We focus on the most popular algorithm for LDPC decoding, namely Min-Sum and its also popular modifications, normalized and offset Min-Sum. The model is applied to all of these decoding algorithms, which are actually approximations of the Log Sum-Product. Moreover a method that exploits the output of the proposed model in order to estimate the decoding performance is also proposed. Finally, experimental results prove the validity of both the proposed model and the method, demonstrating the usefulness of this contribution towards achieving accurate decoding behavior prediction without relying on time-consuming simulations.

关键词： Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes approximation error error correction coding min-sum decoding

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ADAPTIVE ERASURE DECODER FOR REED-SOLOMON CODE AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL

ADAPTIVE ERASURE DECODER FOR REED-SOLOMON CODE AND ITS PERFO...

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AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit

作者： Hadad, Elior Goldfeld, Lev Lyandres, Vladimir Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Elect & Comp Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781424424818

A new reduced complexity decoding algorithm, called Adaptive Successive Erasure correction (ASEC), is considered. It is applied to non-binary Reed Solomon code coupled with general MPSK modulation. The performance of the corresponding system is analyzed under assumption that the transmitted signals suffer from Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and slow flat Rayleigh fading. The examined algorithm is compared with the General Minimum Distance (GMD) and with the Successive Erasure Minimum Distance (SEMD) decoding algorithms. It has reduced complexity while the loss of performance does not exceed 1 dB in SNR. The relative advantage of the proposed algorithm becomes more significant with increasing of the code symbol size.

关键词： Reed-Solomon code error correction coding Adaptive decoding Fading channel

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A JOINT ECC BASED MEDIA error AND AUTHENTICATION PROTECTION SCHEME

A JOINT ECC BASED MEDIA ERROR AND AUTHENTICATION PROTECTION ...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2008)

作者： Zhu, Xinglei Sun, Qibin Zhang, Zhishou Chen, Chang Wen ASTAR Inst Infocomm Res Singapore Singapore SUNY Buffalo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Buffalo NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424425709

This paper presents a novel content-aware joint media error and authentication protection scheme based on error correcting coding (ECC). The innovation of the proposed scheme lies in the true joint design of error protection and authentication verification. This is fundamentally different from many existing schemes in which they consider media authentication separately from other media processing components such as error protection in media communication systems. By making use of the channel information and integrating the authentication with error protection necessary in contemporary media communication systems, we are able to achieve 100% complete verification with low authentication overhead. With such integration, the end-to-end media quality and media security guarantee can be obtained. Based on this joint error and authentication protection framework, an optimal rate allocation algorithm under certain source and channel models is also developed. Simulations based on JPEG 2000 images have been carried out to validate the proposed scheme and the simulation results show that the proposed approach is indeed able to achieve simultaneous error and authentication protection for JPEG 2000 images.

关键词： Media delivery stream authentication digital signature unequal error protection error correction coding

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Molecular Informatics: Hydrogen-Bonding, error-coding, and Genetic Replication

Molecular Informatics: Hydrogen-Bonding, Error-Coding, and G...

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43rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems

作者： Mac Donaill, Donall A. Trinity Coll Dublin Sch Chem Dublin D2 Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427338

In the error-coding approach to nucleotide alphabet composition, the recognition features of nucleotides are mapped to 4-bit numbers, capturing the hydrogen acceptor/donor patterns (3-bits) and the purine/pyrimidine size motif (1-bit). From the perspective of fidelity, optimal alphabets are composed of nucleotides in which nucleotide size is related to the hydrogen acceptor/donor pattern as a parity bit. The natural alphabet appears to be a subset of one of two optimal solutions, constrained by a combination of chemical and coding-theory factors. This study reviews the validity of this approach, which depends on how reasonably the interaction energies of potentially associating hydrogen donor/accpetor patterns may be interpreted in terms of logic functions applied to corresponding binary interpretations of the patterns. Some physicochemical challenges and limitations of hydrogen D/A patterns as templates for molecularly encoded information are also considered. These have implications not just for our understanding of the genetic alphabet, but also for the enormous variety of molecular systems exploiting hydrogen D/A patterns for the purpose of recognition and assembly, and which offer, at least in principle, the potential for an alternative basis for encoding and transmitting molecular information

关键词： error correction coding nucleotide alphabet DNA molecular evolution

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