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error resilient coding and error Concealment in Scalable Video coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2009年第6期19卷 781-795页

作者： Guo, Yi Chen, Ying Wang, Ye-Kui Li, Houqiang Hannuksela, Miska M. Gabbouj, Moncef Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Tampere Univ Technol Dept Signal Proc FIN-33101 Tampere Finland Nokia Res Ctr Tampere Finland

Scalable video coding (SVC), which is the scalable extension of the H.264/AVC standard, was developed by the Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) and ITU-T VCEG (Video coding Experts Group). SVC is designed to provide adaptation capability for heterogeneous network structures and different receiving devices with the help of temporal, spatial, and quality scalabilities. It is challenging to achieve graceful quality degradation in an error-prone environment, since channel errors can drastically deteriorate the quality of the video. error resilient coding and error concealment techniques have been introduced into SVC to reduce the quality degradation impact of transmission errors. Some of the techniques are inherited from or applicable also to H.264/AVC, while some of them take advantage of the SVC coding structure and coding tools. In this paper, the error resilient coding and error concealment tools in SVC are first reviewed. Then, several important tools such as loss-aware rate-distortion optimized macroblock mode decision algorithm and error concealment methods in SVC are discussed and experimental results are provided to show the benefits from them. The results demonstrate that PSNR gains can be achieved for the conventional inter prediction (IPPP) coding structure or the hierarchical bi-predictive (B) picture coding structure with large group of pictures size, for all the tested sequences and under various combinations of packet loss rates, compared with the basic Joint Scalable Video Model (JSVM) design applying no error resilient tools at the encoder and only picture copy error concealment method at the decoder.

关键词： error concealment error resilient coding H.264/AVC SVC

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An error resilient coding scheme for H.26L video transmission based on data embedding

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2004年第2期15卷 214-240页

作者： Lin, SW Leou, JJ Kang, LW Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan

For entropy-coded H.26L video frames, a transmission error in a codeword will not only affect the underlying codeword but also may affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received video frames. In this study, an error resilient coding scheme for H.26L video transmission based on data embedding is proposed. At the encoder, for an H.26L intra-coded I frame, the important data for each macroblock are extracted and embedded into another macroblock(s) within the I frame and the next P frame by the proposed odd-even data embedding scheme. For an H.26L inter-coded P frame, the important data for each slice are extracted and embedded into the next frame by the proposed slice-based embedding scheme for P frames. At the decoder, for each corrupted macroblock. if the important data for a corrupted macroblock can be correctly extracted, the extracted important data will facilitate the employed error concealment scheme to conceal the corrupted macroblock. Otherwise, the employed error concealment scheme is used to conceal the corrupted macroblock. Based on the simulation results, the proposed scheme can recover high-quality H.26L video frames from the corresponding corrupted video frames up to a video packet loss rate of 30%, (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： error resilient coding error concealment H.26L video transmission error data embedding

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An error resilient coding scheme for H.264/AVC video transmission based on data embedding

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2005年第1期16卷 93-114页

作者： Kang, LW Leou, JJ Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan

For entropy-coded H.264/AVC video frames, a transmission error in a codeword will not only affect the underlying codeword but also may affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received video frames. In this study, an error resilient coding scheme for H.264/AVC video transmission is proposed. At the encoder, for an H.264/AVC intra-coded I frame, the important data for each macroblock (MB) are extracted and embedded into the next frame by the proposed MB-interleaving slice-based data embedding scheme for I frames. For an H.264/AVC inter-coded P frame, two types of important data with different error recovery capabilities for each MB are extracted and embedded into the next frame by the proposed MB-interleaving slice-based data embedding scheme for P frames. At the decoder, if the important data for a corrupted MB can be correctly extracted, the extracted important data for the corrupted MB will facilitate the employed error concealment scheme to conceal the corrupted MB;otherwise, the employed error concealment scheme is simply used to conceal the corrupted MB. As compared with some recent error resilient approaches based on data embedding, in this study, the important data selection mechanism for different types of MBs, the detailed data embedding mechanism, and the error detection and concealment scheme performed at the decoder are well developed to design an integrated error resilient coding scheme. Additionally, two types of important data with different transmission error recovery capabilities for each MB in P frames can provide more reliable error resiliency. Based on the simulation results obtained in, this study, the proposed scheme can recover high-quality H.264/AVC video frames from the corresponding corrupted video frames up to a video packet loss rate of 20%. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： error resilient coding error concealment H.264/AVC video transmission error data embedding

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Two error resilient coding schemes for wavelet-based image transmission based on data embedding and genetic algorithms

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2006年第6期17卷 1127-1144页

作者： Kang, Li-Wei Leou, Jin-Jang Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan Acad Sinica Inst Informat Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan

For an entropy-coded wavelet-based image, such as a JPEG-2000 image, a transmission error in a codeword will not only affect the underlying codeword but may also affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received image. In this study, two error resilient coding schemes for wavelet-based image transmission based on data embedding and genetic algorithms (GA's) are proposed. In this study, using JPEG-2000, an image is decomposed into six wavelet levels (levels 0-5). At the encoder, for levels 02, some important data useful for error concealment performed at the decoder are extracted and embedded into the compressed JPEG-2000 image bitstream. At the decoder, the important (embedded) data for each corrupted code block are extracted and used to facilitate error concealment. For levels 3-5, the wavelet coefficients of each corrupted code block are simply replaced by zeros. Based on the simulation results obtained in this study, the performances of the two proposed schemes are better than those of three comparison approaches, namely, the Zero-S, Mean-S, and Inter approaches. The proposed schemes can recover high-quality wavelet-based JPEG-2000 images from the corresponding corrupted images up to a bit error rate of 0.5%. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： error resilient coding error concealment wavelet-based image JPEG-2000 image data embedding

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An error resilient coding scheme for JPEG image transmission based on data embedding and side-match vector quantization

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2006年第4期17卷 876-891页

作者： Kang, Li-Wei Leou, Jin-Jang Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan Acad Sinica Inst Informat Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan

For an entropy-coded Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image, a transmission error in a codeword will not only affect the underlying codeword but also may affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received image. In this study, an error resilient coding scheme for JPEG image transmission based on data embedding and side-match vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. To cope with the synchronization problem, the restart capability of JPEG images is enabled. The objective of the proposed scheme is to recover high-quality JPEG images from the corresponding corrupted images. At the encoder, the important data (the codebook index) for each Y (U or V) block in a JPEG image are extracted and embedded into another "masking" Y (U or V) block in the image by the odd-even data embedding scheme. At the decoder, after all the corrupted blocks within a JPEG image are detected and located, if the codebook index for a corrupted block can be correctly extracted from the corresponding "masking" block, the extracted codebook index will be used to conceal the corrupted block;otherwise, the side-match VQ technique is employed to conceal the corrupted block. Based on the simulation results obtained in this study, the performance of the proposed scheme is better than those of the five existing approaches for comparison. The proposed scheme can recover high-quality JPEG images from the corresponding corrupted images up to a block loss rate (BLR) of 30%. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： error resilient coding JPEG image transmission error data embedding side-match vector quantization

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Improved MB Mode Prediction in Extended Spatial Scalability with error resilient coding

Improved MB Mode Prediction in Extended Spatial Scalability ...

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6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WICOM)

作者： Shoaib, Muhammad Cai, Anni Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Multimedia Commun Ctr Beijing 100088 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424437092

In this paper, macroblock (MB) mode prediction in extended spatial scalability (ESS) with error resilience is investigated. We extend the MB mode derivation method originally proposed by our lab to improve the efficiency of inter-layer prediction in ESS [7], to error prone transmission conditions. The performance of our method is evaluated in metrics such as PSNR gain and complexity reduction, which is represented by percentage change in number of MBs for each partition type at the decoder for various tested sequences. Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction is reportedly achieved with average 50% increase in the number of MBs with 16x16 mode in enhancement layer and average PSNR-Y gain of 1.35 dB at the decoder compared to JVT-W030 under testing conditions specified in JVT-V302.

关键词： error concealment error resilient coding extended spatial scalability scalable video coding

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LA-RDO Based error resilient coding Using Multi-Layer Lagrange Multiplier Selection in SVC

LA-RDO Based Error Resilient Coding Using Multi-Layer Lagran...

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12th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT) - ICT for Green Growth and Sustainable Development

作者： Shoaib, Muhammad Cai, Anni Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Multimedia Commun Ctr Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9788955191455

Loss-aware rate distortion optimized (LA-RDO) MB mode decision has been introduced in scalable video coding (SVC) to minimize the quality degradation impact of transmission errors. It aims to optimize rate-distortion performance considering transmission error and resulted error propagation. However, Lagrange multiplier (A) used in LARDO based mode decision does not consider the correlations between layers. Consequently, Ais not optimal for multi-layer scenario in error resilient coding. In this paper, modified A selection method in multi-layer scenario, for mode decision of LA-RDO based error resilient coding is proposed. Simulation results show that significant PSNR gain is reportedly achieved for various tested sequences compared to JSVM 9.8 with quality and spatial scalabilities for IPPP coding, as well as for hierarchical B picture coding.

关键词： error resilient coding error concealment Lagrange multiplier loss-aware rate distortion optimization scalable video coding

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End-to-End Distortion Modeling for error-resilient Screen Content Video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2024年 26卷 4458-4468页

作者： Tang, Tong Yin, Zhiyang Li, Jie Wang, Honggang Wu, Dapeng Wang, Ruyan Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Adv Network & Intelligent Interconnect Technol Key Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Ubiquitous Sensing & Networking Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth Elect & Comp Engn Dept N Dartmouth MA 02747 USA

To improve the compression performance of screen content coding, extension coding standards (HEVC-SCC, VVC-SCC) have been developed. However, considering the compression ratio alone may lead to packet losses in bitstreams which may cause plenty of images decoded incorrectly, degrading the video quality at the receiver side. Thus, it urgently needs to study source-channel jointly coding scheme of screen content video. The most significant challenge lies in the complex spatial-temporal characteristics of screen content video, which complicate the creation of an accurate end-to-end distortion model. In this article, we delve into the traits of screen content video and construct an end-to-end distortion model. Building upon this, we introduce an error resilient coding scheme specifically for screen content video. More specifically, we first consider the characteristic of non-stationary temporal domain variation and classify the screen content images into three types of frames using a fast block-searching method. We then propose an adaptive error concealment method, taking into account the spatial-temporal prediction characteristics. Following this, we derive a pixel-level end-to-end distortion model and incorporate it into the rate distortion optimization process. Our experimental results reveal that, compared to state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method significantly enhances both objective and subjective quality across a variety of channel conditions.

关键词： Distortion Encoding Streaming media Decoding Image coding Video coding Estimation Screen content video error resilient coding distortion modeling error concealment

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error-resilient zero-tree wavelet image coding technique over noisy channels

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2001年第5期40卷 861-867页

作者： Jang, WY Ryou, JR Lee, C Sohn, K Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea

A zero-tree wavelet image coding technique with resiliency to transmission errors that typically occur on noisy channels is proposed. Key tools employed consist of the bit partitioning algorithm, and the bit reorganization algorithm, which is called the error resilient entropy code (EREC). To take full advantage of the bit reorganization algorithm, the bit partitioning algorithm divides the data into separate code blocks, although the zero-tree wavelet coding algorithm is not a block-based compression method. The bit reorganization algorithm requires a very low redundancy for the sequential transmission of variable length blocks, offering a virtually guaranteed code and block synchronization. The wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform are used. Simulation results verify the error resiliency of the proposed algorithm for image coding. The experimental data show that the proposed coders outperform the existing error resilient coders over both noise-free channels and noisy channels. In addition, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm is more error resilient than previously reported error-resilient coders for various channel error conditions. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers.

关键词： wavelet transform wavelet packet transform zero-tree wavelet image coding error resilient coding bit partitioning bit reorganization

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error-resilient and Complexity-Constrained Distributed coding for Large Scale Sensor Networks

Error-Resilient and Complexity-Constrained Distributed Codin...

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11th ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensing Networks

作者： Viswanatha, Kumar Ramaswamy, Sharadh Saxena, Ankur Rose, Kenneth Univ Calif Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312271

There has been considerable interest in distributed source coding within the compression and sensor network research communities in recent years, primarily due to its potential contributions to low-power sensor networks. However, two major obstacles pose an existential threat on practical deployment of such techniques in real world sensor networks, namely, the exponential growth of decoding complexity with network size and coding rates, and the critical requirement for error-resilience given the severe channel conditions in many wireless sensor networks. Motivated by these challenges, this paper proposes a novel, unified approach for large scale, error-resilient distributed source coding, based on an optimally designed classifier-based decoding framework, where the design explicitly controls the decoding complexity. We also present a deterministic annealing (DA) based global optimization algorithm for the design clue to the highly non-convex nature of the cost function, which further enhances the performance over basic greedy iterative descent technique. Simulation results on data, both synthetic and from real sensor networks, provide strong evidence that the approach opens the door to practical deployment of distributed coding in large sensor networks. It not only yields substantial gains in terms of overall distortion, compared to other state-of-the-art techniques, but also demonstrates how its decoder naturally scales to large networks while constraining the complexity, thereby enabling performance gains that increase with network size.

关键词： Distributed source-channel coding Large scale sensor networks error resilient coding

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