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Joint Intra and Multiple Description coding for Packet Loss resilient Video Transmission

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2018年第4期20卷 781-795页

作者： Kazemi, Mohammad Iqbal, Razib Shirmohammadi, Shervin Univ Isfahan Dept Elect Engn Esfahan Iran Mississippi State Univ Dept Comp Sci Springfield MO 65897 USA Univ Ottawa Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

Multiple description coding (MDC) is a technique for video transmission over error prone networks where the descriptions are routed over multiple paths. Intra coding such as MDC provides error resiliency but coding in this mode must he decided with care since it degrades the compression ratio. In this paper, we present our investigation results for a new intra coding approach in MDC. We have found that, in MDC streams, the best policy is to encode selective frames as I-frame instead of coding some macroblocks of frames in intra mode. In order to find the most suitable I-frame positions within a given video stream, we developed a cost function based on which intra/inter frame type is decided. The MDC scheme with the proposed intra coding criterion, with and without redundancy optimization, is implemented in the H.264/AVC reference software, JM 16.0. Based on the experimental performance evaluation, we show that our method achieves higher average PSNR compared to the other optimized MDCs found in the literature.

关键词： Multiple description coding intra coding error resilient coding mode decision

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A Support Vector Machine Approach for Detection and Localization of Transmission errors Within Standard H.263++ Decoders

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2009年第7期11卷 1323-1330页

作者： Farrugia, Reuben A. Debono, Carl James Univ Malta Dept Commun & Comp Engn Msida Msd 2080 Malta

Wireless multimedia services are increasingly becoming popular boosting the need for better quality-of-experience (QoE) with minimal costs. The standard codecs employed by these systems remove spatio-temporal redundancies to minimize the bandwidth required. However, this increases the exposure of the system to transmission errors, thus presenting a significant degradation in perceptual quality of the reconstructed video sequences. A number of mechanisms were investigated in the past to make these codecs more robust against transmission errors. Nevertheless, these techniques achieved little success, forcing the transmission to be held at lower bit-error rates (BERs) to guarantee acceptable quality. This paper presents a novel solution to this problem based on the error detection capabilities of the transport protocols to identify potentially corrupted group-of-blocks (GOBs). The algorithm uses a support vector machine (SVM) at its core to localize visually impaired macroblocks (MBs) that require concealment within these GOBs. Hence, this method drastically reduces the region to be concealed compared to state-of-the-art error resilient strategies which assume a packet loss scenario. Testing on a standard H.263++ codec confirms that a significant gain in quality is achieved with error detection rates of 97.8% and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gains of up to 5.33 dB. Moreover, most of the undetected errors provide minimal visual artifacts and are thus of little influence to the perceived quality of the reconstructed sequences.

关键词： error detection and concealment error resilient coding learning systems multimedia communications video coding wireless network

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Robust FMO algorithm and adaptive redundant slice allocation for wireless video transmission

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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2015年第3期59卷 357-363页

作者： Zhu, Feng Zhang, Weiming Yu, Nenghai Zhao, Xianfeng Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Informat Secur SKLOIS Inst Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China

Visual quality of compressed video may suffer great degradation when transmitted over lossy wireless networks. Flexible macro-block ordering (FMO) is a new error resilient tool adopted by H.264/AVC. It has a good performance of error resilience by changing the coding order of macro-blocks in the frame. redundant slice (RS) is another tool which adds redundant copy of slices into the stream to take precautions against packet loss. However, we shouldn't only care about peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the video;the robustness of video streams to burst packet loss of wireless channel is also worth considering. In applications, such as real-time video transmission services, degradation of video quality may be tolerable, but collapse of decoder due to burst packet loss will greatly lower user's quality of experience. This paper proposes a robust FMO (RFMO) algorithm which takes gradient feature of frames into consideration to enhance robustness of video streams, and the adaptive RS allocation (ARSA) helps to increase the PSNR with only a little increase in bit rate. Experiment results show that the RFMO algorithm can significantly reduce the collapse times of decoder with invisible decrease in visual quality, and the ARSA can still guarantee a high PSNR in the case of high packet loss rate.

关键词： error resilient coding H.264/AVC Robust FMO Adaptive redundant slice allocation

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Dynamic multi-mode switching error concealment algorithm for H.264/AVC video applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2008年第1期54卷 154-162页

作者： Chen, Xiaoming Chung, Yuk Ying Bae, Changseok Univ Sydney Sch Informat Technol Sydney NSW 2006 Australia ETRI Post PC Platform Res Team Taejon 305700 South Korea

In video communication based consumer device applications, the compressed video is extremely fragile to transmission errors due to channel noise. error Concealment (EC) is an efficient way to recover a damaged video sequence. The existing EC algorithms for compressed video typically apply uniform EC mode to entire video sequence regardless of frame features, or lack in sensible mode-switching considerations. This paper proposes a new Dynamic Multi-mode Switching (DMS) EC algorithm. The proposed algorithm provides several EC modes for intra- and inter-frames. The proposed smart decoder is able to adaptive apply these modes in different situations. The mode switching in DMS depends on the spatial/temporal correlation, estimated edge features of the corrupted Macroblock (MB), the smoothness of the reconstructed MB and etc. The proposed DMS algorithm has been evaluated and compared with 3 classical EC algorithms. The experimental results show that the DMS algorithm can achieve significant gains in Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and therefore improves the decoded picture quality in video applications.

关键词： error concealment error resilient coding video communications H.264/AVC

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Scalable joint source and channel coding of meshes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2008年第3期10卷 503-513页

作者： Cernea, Dan C. Munteanu, Adrian Alecu, Alin Cornelis, Jan Schelkens, Peter Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Elect & Informat ETRO Interdisciplinary Inst Broadband Technol IBBT B-1050 Brussels Belgium

This paper proposes a new approach for joint source and channel coding (JSCC) of meshes, simultaneously providing scalability and optimized resilience against transmission errors. An unequal error protection approach is followed, to cope with the different error-sensitivity levels characterizing the various resolution and quality layers produced by the input scalable source codec. The number of layers and the protection levels to be employed for each layer are determined by solving a joint source and channel coding problem. In this context, a novel fast algorithm for solving the optimization problem is conceived, enabling a real-time implementation of the JSCC rate-a I location. An instantiation of the proposed JSCC approach is demonstrated for MeshGrid, which is a scalable 3-D object representation method, part of MPEG-4 AFX. In this context, the L-infinite distortion metric is employed, which is to our knowledge a unique feature in mesh coding. Numerical results show the superiority of the L-infinite norm over the classical L-2 norm in a JSCC setting. One concludes that the proposed joint source and channel coding approach offers resilience against transmission errors, provides graceful degradation, enables a fast real-time implementation, and preserves all the scalability features and animation capabilities of the employed scalable mesh codec.

关键词： error resilient coding joint source and channel coding of meshes L-infinite coding MeshGrid three-dimensional (3-D) graphics unequal error protection

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Unequal error protection for H.263 video over indoor DECT channel

Unequal error protection for H.263 video over indoor DECT ch...

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Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image coding, Compression, and Encryption II

作者： Abrardo, A Barni, M Garzelli, A Univ Siena Dept Informat Engn I-53100 Siena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819433004

Several techniques have been proposed to limit the effect of error propagation in video sequences coded at a very low bit rate. The best performance is achieved by combined FEC and ARQ coding strategies. However, retransmission of corrupted data frames introduces additional delay which may be critical either for real-time bidirectional communications, or when the round-trip delay of data frames is high. In such cases, only a FEC strategy is feasible. Full reliable protection of the H.263 stream would produce a significant increase of the overall transmission bit rate. In this paper, an unequal error protection (UEP) FEC coding strategy is proposed. The proposed technique operates by protecting only the most important bits of an H.263 coded video with periodically INTRA refreshed GOB's. ARQ techniques are not considered to avoid delays and simplify the receiver structure. Experimental tests are carried out by simulating a video transmission over a DECT channel in an indoor environment. The results, in terms of PSNR and overall bit rate, prove the effectiveness of the proposed UEP FEC coding.

关键词： video coding low-bandwidth transmission noisy channels error resilient coding FEC protection

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Robust Transmission of H.264/AVC sequences using List Decoding and Source Constraints

Robust Transmission of H.264/AVC sequences using List Decodi...

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IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference

作者： Farrugia, R. A. Debono, C. J. Univ Malta Dept Commun & Comp Engn Msd 2080 Malta

ISBN: (纸本)9781424416325

Video compression standards commonly adopted in wireless multimedia transmission systems generally apply variable length codes (VLCs) to achieve the required data-rates. The resulting bitstreams are sensitive to transmission errors which cause visual artifacts that propagate in both spatial and temporal domains, thus reducing significantly the quality of the reconstructed video sequences. This paper proposes the application of a List Decoder to improve the quality of H.264/AVC encoded sequences. This method relies on sequence estimation and residual source redundancies to recover feasible images. The recovered images may still contain errors which may cause visually distorted macroblocks (MBs). Therefore, the Average Intersample Difference across Boundaries (AIDB) metric was used to detect these visually impaired MBs at pixel level which are then adequately concealed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm manages to achieve Peak Signal-to-Noise (PSNR) gains of up to 2.17 dB when compared to the conventional decoding method. The proposed solution is fully compatible with the H.264/AVC standard and no additional bandwidth is required.

关键词： error correction coding error resilient coding H.264/AVC video coding wireless video transmission

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Efficient Residual Prediction with error Concealment in Extended Spatial Scalability

Efficient Residual Prediction with Error Concealment in Exte...

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9th Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS)

作者： Shoaib, Muhammad Cai, Anni Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Multimedia Commun Ctr Beijing 100088 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465576

In this paper, inter-layer residual prediction's trade-off between concealing lost macroblock (MB) and removing visual artifact in extended spatial scalability (ESS) is investigated. In order to improve visual artifacts, various schemes are proposed in the literature, including higher distortion to the residual prediction used in ESS enhancement layer for non matching residuals. Whereas, residual prediction is also used to conceal lost MBs in inter-layer error concealment methods. We propose an efficient use of residual prediction to prevent those artifacts as well as to conceal lost MBs, exploiting features in homogenous characteristics in video objects for error resilient coding. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves up to 0.29 dB PSNR gain, with overall average of 0.1 dB PSNR gain at the decoder for various tested sequences compared to JVT-W123 under testing conditions specified in JVT-V302.

关键词： Extended spatial scalability error resilient coding scalable video coding inter layer residual prediction

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A robust error resilient approach for MPEG video transmission over Internet

A robust error resilient approach for MPEG video transmissio...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002

作者： Yin, P Wu, M Liu, BD Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

In network delivery of compressed video, packets may be lost if the channel is unreliable. Such losses tend to occur in burst. In this paper, we develop an error resilient video encoding approach to help error concealment at the decoder. We introduce a new block shuffling scheme to isolate erroneous blocks caused by packet losses. And we apply data hiding to add additional protection for motion vectors. The incorporation of these scheme adds little complexity to the standard encoder. Experimental results suggest that our approach can achieve a reasonable quality for packet loss up to 30% over a wide range of video materials.

关键词： error resilient coding block shuffling data hiding error concealment

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An error-resilient algorithm based on partitioning of the wavelet transform coefficients for a DIRAC video codec

An error-resilient algorithm based on partitioning of the wa...

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10th International Conference on Information Visualization (IV06)

作者： Tun, Myo Fernando, W. A. C. Brunel Univ Sch Engn & Design Kingston Lane Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England Brunel Univ Elect & Comp Engn Uxbridge Middx England

ISBN: (纸本)0769526020

Video transmission over the wireless or wired network require protection from channel errors since compressed video streams are very sensitive to transmission errors because of the use of predictive coding and variable length coding. In this paper, we propose a method to achieve robustness to transmission errors to the compressed bit-stream of wavelet based open source video codec, Dirac. By partitioning the wavelet transform coefficients into groups and independently processing each group using arithmetic and Turbo coding, we could achieve the robustness to transmission errors of the compressed video stream in the packet erasure wired network. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can achieve up to 5dB PSNR gain over the un-partitioning method.

关键词： error resilient coding coefficient partitioning wavelets DIRAC

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