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error resilient video coding with priority data classification using H.264 flexible macroblock ordering

IET IMAGE PROCESSING 2007年第2期1卷 197-204页

作者： Im, S. K. Pearmain, A. J. Univ London Queen Mary Coll Dept Elect Engn London E1 4NS England

Flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) is a new error resilience feature in the H.264 (MPEG-4 part 10) video coding standard. The paper exploits FMO to offer a new classification algorithm for prioritised video transmission. Instead of using the default mapping structures of FMO, an optimisation algorithm in which the more important macroblocks (MBs) are categorised in a separate slice group (SG), which corresponds to high-priority packets for transmission, is proposed. The importance of each MB is determined based on its eventual influence on picture quality. This is assessed by considering the fact that the successful transmission of an MB not only enhances the quality of the associated pixels, but also improves the quality of its adjacent lost MBs by improving the efficiency of error concealment. It is assumed that the network can offer a prioritised service for successful transmission of the high-priority SG. Based on this, a vulnerability factor for each MB is determined, and a certain proportion of high-vulnerability MBs at each frame to limit the impact of temporal error propagation is intra-updated. It is shown, where the proposed mapping algorithm outperforms the default mappings of the H.264 codec, that this prioritised transmission will improve the subjective and objective video quality in situations with a high probability of transmission errors.

关键词： prioritised video transmission priority data classification mapping algorithm H.264 flexible macroblock ordering FMO Computer vision and image processing techniques Image and video coding error propagation video coding optimisation algorithm image classification video coding standard picture quality video signal processing MPEG-4 part 10 slice group error resilient video coding vulnerability factor codec

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error resilient video coding using flexible reference frames

Error resilient video coding using flexible reference frames

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2005

作者： Wang, YK Zhu, CB Li, HQ Nokia Res Ctr Tampere 33721 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819459763

Conventional video coding techniques make use of the most recently decoded reference frame(s) for motion-compensated inter prediction. However, it has been shown that to allow using reference frames in a flexible way such that not only the latest reference frames are used is beneficial. A typical use of flexible reference frame is feedback based reference picture selection, wherein error-free reference frames available in both the encoder and decoder sides are selected and used for inter prediction reference. This paper first overviews support of reference picture selection in different video coding standards, and then presents three specific feedback based reference picture selection methods using flexible reference frames. In addition, a novel simple reference frame management method that enables using of flexible reference frame is proposed. The reference frame management method enables much simpler video codec implementations compared to the complex reference frame management methods in H.263 Annex U and H.264/AVC. The proposed coding methods and some conventional methods are compared with each other. Simulation results show significantly improved error resiliency performance of the proposed reference picture selection methods compared to conventional methods. The effect on the performance imposed by feedback delay variation is also shown. Thanks to the merits, support of flexible reference frame and the reference frame management has been adopted to the AVS-M video coding standard.

关键词： error resilient video coding feedback flexible reference frame reference picture selection video coding standard AVS-M

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An error resilient video coding Scheme Using Embedded Wyner-Ziv Description with Decoder Side Non-Stationary Distortion Modeling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2011年第4期21卷 498-512页

作者： Zhang, Yongsheng Xiong, Hongkai He, Zhihai Yu, Songyu Chen, Chang Wen Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA SUNY Buffalo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Buffalo NY 14260 USA

In this paper, we propose a generic error resilient video coding (ERVC) scheme using embedded Wyner-Ziv (WZ) description. At the encoder side, a joint source-channel R-D optimized mode selection (JSC-RDO-MS) algorithm with WZ-coded anchor frames is statistically studied and developed. Given a stationary first-order Markov Gaussian source, the proposed mode optimization is justified by an analysis of the RD impact on the WZ bit-rate. JSC-RDO-MS involves in the estimation of expected rate and distortion of WZ coding with the unavailable side information, and the WZ bit-rate of each coding mode is determined based on the error correction capability of the specific WZ codec. At the decoder side, an online correlation noise model between the source and the side-information is proposed with a mixture of Laplacians whose parameters are attained to reflect the coherence of the motion field of successive frames and the energy of prediction residual. Each mixture component represents the statistical distribution of prediction residuals, and the mixing coefficients represent the amount of errors in motion compensation. The proposed scheme achieves the so-called classification gain by exploiting the spatially non-stationary characteristics of the motion field and texture. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed WZ-ERVC scheme achieves a better overall RD performance than existing ERVC schemes, and the proposed modeling algorithm also significantly outperforms the conventional Laplacian model by up to 2 dB.

关键词： Correlation noise modeling distributed video coding error resilient video coding non-stationary Wyner-Ziv coding

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error resilient video transmission in ad hoc networks using layered and multiple description coding

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第6期76卷 9033-9049页

作者： Ghahremani, Shahram Ghanbari, Mohammad Univ Tehran Sch Elect & Comp Engn Tehran Iran Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester Essex England

The mesh structure of ad hoc networks, provides the possibility of establishing two disjoint paths from a sender to a receiver. Transmission of video over such networks due to their unpredictability and difficulty in securing reliable channels is challenging. Layered coding (LC) and Multiple Description coding (MDC) are two different techniques which can benefit from path diversity for robust video communication and also to adapt with preferences of users\network. This paper presents an approach to provide error resilient video transmission over a variety of network conditions and applications needs using combined LC and MDC schemes. In the proposed method two descriptions of each layer are generated in the FMO format of the H.264/AVC standard. Unlike the conventional approaches, in our work macroblocks of each layer are divided into two paths. Hence, in the bursty error conditions the error will be smoothly spread in all layers. For better protection and more network compatibility, the base layer is data partitioned and its important part (DP_A) is repeated in both paths. Simulation results show transmission of duplicated DP_A and the non-corresponding descriptions of two layers together on disjoint paths, can improve the error concealment of the decoder and consequently enhance video quality by up to 2 dB.

关键词： Layered coding Flexible macroblock ordering Ad hoc network error resilient video coding

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error resilient MPEG-2 video coding schemes based on three layer error control coding

Error resilient MPEG-2 video coding schemes based on three l...

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8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology

作者： Bae, C Lee, J Chung, V ETRI PostPC Platform Res Team Taejon 305350 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)8955191294

This paper proposes a new error resilient MPEG-2 video coding scheme based on the TLECC (Three Layer error Control coding) techniques using information hiding. We embed the watermark signal into intra frames using a DCT-based algorithm, which shows very reliable outcome under noises and attacks. Meanwhile, we have implemented the DEMV (Data Embedding in Motion Vector) algorithm for inter frames. In the decoder, we apply TLECC scheme to find embedded signal and corrupted position. Experimental results demonstrate that DCT-based algorithm and DEMV algorithm for normal video like "Foreman" are strong and reliable. ECC (error Control coding) is further incorporated into the watermarking scheme. Two different ECC methods such as BCH and RS codes have been implemented and experimented. All these codes have the error correction capability up to 10% or 25%. We have done various noise recovery experiments, which show good recovery results under distributed noises.

关键词： error control coding information hiding watermarking error resilient video coding

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Robust error resilient H.264/AVC video coding

Robust Error Resilient H.264/AVC Video Coding

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IEEE International Conference of Region 10 (TENCON)

作者： Lu, Chung-Hao Lin, Yinyi Natl Cent Univ Dept Commun Engn Jhongli Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928255;9781479928279

This paper proposes an error resilient video coding algorithm in H.264/AVC for packet-loss networks, which involves an inter frame prediction scheme and a joint source-channel rate-distortion optimization (RDO) function for both inter mode decision and motion estimation. The suggested inter frame prediction and joint source-channel RDO function can significantly reduce the error propagation effect and improve decoded video quality in error-prone wireless networks. The experimental results reveal that average PSNR gain of 10 dB cab be achieved for the proposed algorithm in error-prone wireless networks. The results also reveal that average gain of 2dB can be achieved when compared with other distinct algorithms.

关键词： H.264/AVC error resilient video coding joint source-channel rate-distortion optimization (RDO) function

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Intra coding Strategy for video error Resiliency: Behavioral Analysis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2020年第9期22卷 2193-2206页

作者： Kazemi, Mohammad Ghanbari, Mohammad Shirmohammadi, Shervin Univ Isfahan Dept Elect Engn Esfahan *** Iran Univ Tehran Sch Elect & Comp Engn Coll Engn Tehran *** Iran Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England Univ Ottawa Distributed & Collaborat Virtual Environm Res Lab Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

One challenge in video transmission is to deal with packet loss. Since the compressed video streams are sensitive to data loss, the error resiliency of the encoded video becomes important. When video data is lost and retransmission is not possible, the missed data should be concealed. But loss concealment causes distortion in the lossy frame which also propagates into the next frames even if their data are received correctly. One promising solution to mitigate this error propagation is intra coding. There are three approaches for intra coding: intra coding of a number of blocks selected randomly or regularly, intra coding of some specific blocks selected by an appropriate cost function, or intra coding of a whole frame. But Intra coding reduces the compression ratio;therefore, there exists a trade-off between bitrate and error resiliency achieved by intra coding. In this paper, we study and show the best strategy for getting the best rate-distortion performance. Considering the error propagation, an objective function is formulated, and with some approximations, this objective function is simplified and solved. The solution demonstrates that periodical I-frame coding is preferred over coding only a number of blocks as intra mode in P-frames. Through examination of various test sequences, it is shown that the best intra frame period depends on the coding bitrate as well as the packet loss rate. We then propose a scheme to estimate this period from curve fitting of the experimental results, and show that our proposed scheme outperforms other methods of intra coding especially for higher loss rates and coding bitrates.

关键词： Encoding Distortion Resilience Streaming media Bit rate Linear programming Delays error resilient video coding video error concealment intra coding

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Block-interlaced codewords realignment for error resilience enhancement of video coding

Block-interlaced codewords realignment for error resilience ...

引用

Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2002

作者： Su, YY Lu, JH Wang, J Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819444111

A block-interlaced codewords realignment (BICR) scheme is proposed for error resilience enhancement video transmission over burst error channels. The video coder is compatible with the MPEG-4 coding standard. Specifically, based on the error propagation property of the variable length coding (VLC) and reversible variable length coding (RVLC), the proposed scheme realigns the codewords within a minimum data unit according to the loss probability and the source significance information. This realignment automatically achieves an unequal error protection for different codewords of the coded video bit-stream with different importance, increasing the error resilience of the video coding without any penalty in transmission efficiency. Simulation results confirm that this realignment can increase the quality of the reconstructed video frames remarkably over channels with burst errors in terms of PSNR criterion.

关键词： error resilient video coding variable length codes reversible variable length codes MPEG-4

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VPx video coding FOR LOSSY TRANSMISSION CHANNELS USING error RESILIENCE PACKETS

VPx VIDEO CODING FOR LOSSY TRANSMISSION CHANNELS USING ERROR...

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Picture coding Symposium (PCS)

作者： Chen, Di Gadgil, Neeraj Delp, Edward J. Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Video & Image Proc Lab VIPER W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509059669

Many popular video coding standards such as VPx, H.26x achieve video compression by using spatial and temporal dependencies in the source video signal. This makes the encoded bitstream vulnerable to errors during transmission. In this paper, we investigate an error resilient video coding for the VPx bitstreams using error resilience packets. An error resilient packet consists of encoded keyframe contents and the prediction signals for each non-keyframe. Experimental results exhibit that our proposed method is effective under typical packet loss conditions.

关键词： error resilient video coding video transmission error concealment side information

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On the performance of syntax-based error detection in H.263 video coding: a quantitative analysis

On the performance of syntax-based error detection in H.263 ...

引用

Conference on Image and video Communications and Processing 2000

作者： Barni, M Bartolini, F Bianco, P Univ Siena Dept Informat Engn I-53100 Siena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819435929

In this work we evaluate the effectiveness of syntax-based error detection in the context of H.263 video transmission over a noisy, error-prone, channel. We assume transmission is carried out over a non-protected channel, i.e., no information about error occurrence is fed to the application by the transport layer. More specifically, the probability of missing an error or revealing one when no error is actually present is calculated. Particular care is taken to distinguish between macroblock (MB) data errors and header errors: since they have a different impact on reconstructed video quality. We also investigate the possibility of interpreting errors by relying on syntax information only: e.g. we try to discriminate between errors affecting motion vectors and errors altering the value of DCT coefficients. Extensive testing, performed at different rates and with channels characterized by different error probabilities, suggests that the necessity exists of using more reliable error detection approaches.

关键词： low bit rate video coding error resilient video coding H.263 error detection syntax-based error detection

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