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error-resilient performance of Dirac video codec over packet-erasure channel

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 2007年第3期53卷 649-659页

作者： Tun, M. Loo, K. K. Cosmas, J. Brunel Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Sch Engn & Design Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England

Video transmission over the wireless or. wired network requires error-resilient mechanism since compressed video bitstreams are sensitive to transmission errors because of the use of predictive coding and variable length coding. This paper investigates the performance of a simple and low complexity error-resilient coding scheme which combines source and channel coding to protect compressed bitstream of wavelet-based Dirac video codec in the packet-erasure channel. By partitioning the wavelet transform coefficients of the motion-compensated residual frame into groups and independently processing each group using arithmetic and Forward error Correction (FEC) coding, Dirac could achieves the robustness to transmission errors by giving the video quality which is gracefully decreasing over a range of packet loss rates up to 30% when compared with conventional FEC only methods. Simulation results also show that the proposed scheme using multiple partitions can achieve up to 10 dB PSNR gain over its existing un-partitioned format. This paper also investigates the error-resilient performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with H.264 over packet-erasure channel.

关键词： coefficient partitioning Dirac error-resilient coding H.264 wavelets

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M2FEC: An effective FEC based multi-path transmission scheme for interactive multimedia communication

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2010年第2期21卷 120-128页

作者： Zhang, Hui Zhou, Jin Li, Jun Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Res Inst Informat Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

The oncoming prosperity of interactive multimedia application triggers significant challenges to current best-effort Internet due to such application's stringent delay, loss and bandwidth requirements, and Internet's unpredictable dynamics. Multi-path transmission and error-resilient coding are two promising approaches to alleviate these problems. This paper attempts to introduce error-resilient coding into multi-path transmission to better trade off between multi-path bandwidth resource consumption and reliable media quality. We propose a model for multi-paths interactive multimedia transmission and develop M2FEC-a FEC based transmission scheme which maximizes the overall quality at the client under various constraints based on the proposed model. Numerical simulation and PlanetLab experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of M2FEC in theory and in empiricism, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interactive multimedia application Delay sensitive Overlay routing Multi-path algorithm Path diversity FEC error-resilient coding Rate-distortion Video quality

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Robust Video coding Based on Hybrid Hierarchical B Pictures

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2014年第5期24卷 878-888页

作者： Tsai, Wen-Jiin Sun, Yu-Chen Chiu, Po-Jui Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan MediaTek Inc Corp Technol Off Multimedia Technol Dev Div Hsinchu 30078 Taiwan

Compressed video streams transmitted over error-prone environments are usually corrupted by transmission errors. error-concealment techniques can be used to recover the lost information. In this paper, a hybrid model is proposed to improve the error-concealment performance. The model combines two hierarchical B-picture coding structures such that key-frames, reference B frames, or even nonreference B frames have buddy frames to serve as their data recovery frames when they are lost. With buddy frames, the distance between a lost frame and its recovering frame can be substantially reduced. In addition, an improved estimation method is also proposed to further increase the accuracy of recovering motion. error-concealment performance can thus be significantly improved with little bitrate redundancy. We have conducted experiments to compare its performance with other methods, and the results show that the proposed hybrid model outperforms these competed methods. The advantages of the proposed hybrid model are demonstrated in error-free and packet-loss environments.

关键词： error concealment error-resilient coding hierarchical B pictures hybrid model

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Scalable, error-resilient, and high-performance video communications in mobile wireless environments

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2001年第7期11卷 833-847页

作者： Vass, J Zhuang, S Zhuang, XH Eyeball Networks Inc Vancouver BC V7T 1A2 Canada Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Missouri Dept Comp Engn & Comp Sci Columbia MO 65211 USA

A novel mobile communications system is proposed in the paper, which provides not only effective but also efficient video access for mobile users when communicating over low-bandwidth error-prone wireless links, The middleware implemented by a mobile proxy server at the mobile support station is designed for the seamless integration of mobile users with video servers, so the specific details of the underlying protocols and source/channel coding techniques are hidden to both the video server and mobile client. Based on the concept of application-level framing, the application (video codec in our case) plays a significant role in network communications that most of functionalities of the system are implemented as part of the application, As such, at the application layer, adaptive source- and channel-coding techniques are developed to jointly provide the user with the highest possible video quality, For efficient source coding, our high-performance low-complexity video-coding algorithm called a 3-D significance-linked connected component analysis (3D-SLCCA) is chosen, Due to its high robustness against channel-error propagation, 3D-SLCCA is well suited for wireless environments. For error-resilient channel coding, a multilayer transmission error-control mechanism is developed, Since there is no additional requirement imposed on either the mobile client or the video server, mobile users interact with the server in exactly the same way as stationary users, Extensive computer experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.

关键词： error-resilient coding joint source-channel coding mobile communications proxy server scalable coding SLCCA video coding

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Lossless watermarking of compressed media using reversibly decodable packets

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2006年第5期86卷 951-961页

作者： Mobasseri, BG Cinalli, D Villanova Univ ECE Dept Villanova PA 19085 USA

Entropy coded multimedia signals such as JPEG and MPEG-1 and 2 have little or no error resiliency. To counter this situation, researchers have proposed using reversible VLCs (RVLC) to identify and limit error propagation. To bring error resiliency to Huffman-coded streams, a bidirectionally decodable packet has been introduced. This packet can be decoded in both directions to trap corrupted VLCs. Recognizing that watermark bits can be injected into the bitstream as forced bit errors, we have developed a watermarking algorithm around this decoder. The original decoder, however, is not able to track bit errors down to individual bits. We have developed an algorithm to restore the original unwatermarked bitstream. As a result of introducing watermark bits in the stream, serious synchronization issues arise at the decoder. The two-way decoding algorithm is capable of resolving and identifying existing resync markers and reestablishing synchronization. The algorithm has been successfully applied to several MPEG-2 video streams. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： digital watermarking error-resilient coding reversible watermarking MPEG-2 watermarking

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Adaptive video redundancy coding for scene and channel adaptation over error-prone network

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2005年第3期51卷 967-974页

作者： Pyun, JY Chosun Univ Dept Informat Commun Engn Kwangju South Korea

In this paper, a new error-resilient video coding method with scene adaptation is proposed, which is based on video redundancy coding (VRC) of H.263 Version 2, formerly known as H.263+. The proposed error-resilient mechanism adaptively changes the VRC coding parameters for multiple threads according to the channel status. Also, the scene-adaptation is incorporated into the network-aware error resilient method in order to reduce the motion-jerkiness occurred by an abrupt scene change. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive VRC mechanism does not only react properly to the time-varying network status, but also reduce fluctuations of the video quality.

关键词： error-resilient coding video redundancy coding error-prone network video quality

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An Efficient error Concealment Algorithm for H.264/AVC using Regression Modeling-Based Prediction

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第4期56卷 2694-2701页

作者： Chen, Xiaoming Chung, Yuk Ying Bae, Changseok He, Xiangjian Yeh, Wei-Chang Univ Sydney Sch Informat Technol Sydney NSW 2006 Australia ETRI Personal Comp Res Team Taejon 305700 South Korea Univ Technol Sydney Fac Engn & Informat Technol Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Ind Engn & Engn Management Hsinchu Taiwan

This paper presents a novel error concealment algorithm for H.264/AVC based on a regression model, which is constructed according to the spatial relationship between block locations and their motion activities. With the proposed algorithm, a corrupted macroblock is partitioned into sub-blocks and the motion vector of each sub-block is predicted through the regression model with the help of the neighbor motion vectors. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve significant Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) improvement over existing methods with even reduced complexity. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is very simple and therefore it can be readily applied to real-time video applications running on various consumer electronic products such as mobile devices.(1)

关键词： error concealment error-resilient coding video communications H.264/AVC MPEG

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MPEG-2 error concealment over burst-packet-loss networks

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2002年第11期E85A卷 2557-2560页

作者： Yang, SH Lin, JM Natl Taiwan Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taipei Taiwan Tele Infonet Inc Taipei Taiwan

In this letter, we propose a two-stage object-based error-concealment technique for MPEG-2 video transmitted in a burst-packet-loss environment. A burst packet loss typically destroys a large area of MPEG-2 coded video. In the first stage, the missing area is intra-picture estimated and concealed in terms of a region-based approach. In the second stage, irregular-moving objects with respect to the background are identified and compensated from the predictive picture. As compared with conventional concealment approaches, the proposed method achieves better PSNR performance and reduces the visual artifacts.

关键词： error concealment error-resilient coding robust video transmission MPEG-2

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Content-aware error-resilient transcoding using prioritized intra-refresh for video streaming

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2005年第4-5期16卷 563-588页

作者： Chiou, HJ Lee, YR Lin, CW Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan

Transmitting video data over wireless networks can be very unreliable due to packet-loss, leading to serious video quality degradation which is annoying to human perception. The lost packets not only affect the quality of Current frame, but also lead to error propagation to subsequent frames due to motion-compensated prediction techniques used in standard video codecs. Adding error-resilience to a video bitstream for robust video delivery to users thus becomes a very important issue. In this work, we propose a two-pass intra-refresh transcoding scheme for inserting error-resilience features to a compressed video at the media gateway of a three-tier streaming system. The proposed transcoder can adaptively vary the intra-refresh rate according to the video content and the channel's packet-loss rate to protect the most important macroblocks (MBs) against packet loss. In the first-pass encoding, the encoder estimates the amount of error propagation at MB level, and then generates side information as transcoding hints for use at the transcoder. In the second-pass transcoding, the error-resilient transcoder adaptively determines the intra-refresh rate and the locations of MBs to perform intra-refresh according to the side information. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the error propagation due to packet loss so as to improve the visual quality significantly. The proposed transcoder can also meet the real-time requirement. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： video coding video transcoding error-resilient coding intra-refresh video streaming

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Reversible watermarking using two-way decodable codes

Reversible watermarking using two-way decodable codes

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6th Conference on Watermarking of Multimedia Contents

作者： Mobasseri, BG Cinalli, D Villanova Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Villanova PA 19085 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452092

Traditional variable length codes(VLC) used in compressed media are brittle and suffer synchronization loss following bit errors. To counter this situation, resynchronizing VLCs(RVLC) have been proposed to help identify, limit and possibly reverse channel errors. In this work we observe that watermark bits are in effect forced bit errors and are amenable to the application of error-resilient techniques. We have developed a watermarking algorithm around a two-way decodable RVLC. The inherent error control property of the code is now exploited to implement reversible watermarking in the compressed domain. A new decoding algorithm is developed to reestablish synchronization that is lost as a result of watermarking. Resynchronization is achieved by disambiguating among many potential markers that are abundantly emulated in data. The algorithm is successfully applied to several MPEG-2 streams.

关键词： error-resilient coding reversible watermarking MPEG-2

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