Organizations use key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of their procedures and processes. In a world that is constantly evolving and hyperconnected via the internet, it is of gr...
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Organizations use key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of their procedures and processes. In a world that is constantly evolving and hyperconnected via the internet, it is of great interest to analyze how changes (organizational, legal, technological or other) can lead to modifications in the KPIs involved. However, little attention has been paid to KPI evolution either in the scientific literature or in developed solutions. This paper presents A Flexible framework for the evolution, Consistency and Traceability of KPIs (AFFECTK) that aims at establishing the basis for suitable KPIs' evolution management. The feasibility of this proposal is demonstrated through a proof-of-concept developed using a reasoning tool based on Constraint Logic Programming. The framework is further evaluated, using real KPI case studies, to assess the functional suitability of our approach.
Energy security, environmental concerns, and the upgrading of automobile industry are the driving trifecta of the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the primary powe...
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Energy security, environmental concerns, and the upgrading of automobile industry are the driving trifecta of the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the primary power source for EVs, given their high energy/power density and long service lifetime. However, safety is still a big challenge facing the population of LIBs. Internal short circuit (ISC) is one of the root causes for the failure of LIBs, whereas the mechanism of ISC formation and evolution is still unclear. This paper provides a comprehensive review of formation mechanisms, evolution framework, experimental approaches, detection methods and mitigation strategies of ISC in LIBs. Learning from the typical safety accidents of LIBs, ISC primarily which caused by typical factors is intensively investigated. Later, the behavior and evolution framework of ISC are profoundly elaborated. The ISC experimental approaches are systematically classified into conventional experimental approaches and novel experimental approaches, and their advantages and drawbacks are summarized in detail, respectively. Further, ISC detection methods including offline and online detection methods are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, an insight into the research perspective of ISC mitigation is provided.
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