Understanding the interplay between ecological processes and the evolutionary dynamics of quantitative traits in natural systems remains a major challenge. Two main theoretical frameworks are used to address this ques...
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Understanding the interplay between ecological processes and the evolutionary dynamics of quantitative traits in natural systems remains a major challenge. Two main theoretical frameworks are used to address this question, adaptive dynamics and quantitative genetics, both of which have strengths and limitations and are often used by distinct research communities to address different questions. In order to make progress, new theoretical developments are needed that integrate these approaches and strengthen the link to empirical data. Here, we discuss a novel theoretical framework that bridges the gap between quantitative genetics and adaptive dynamics approaches. 'Oligomorphic dynamics' can be used to analyse eco-evolutionary dynamics across different time scales and extends quantitative genetics theory to account for multimodal trait distributions, the dynamical nature of genetic variance, the potential for disruptive selection due to ecological feedbacks, and the non-normal or skewed trait distributions encountered in nature. Oligomorphic dynamics explicitly takes into account the effect of environmental feedback, such as frequency- and density-dependent selection, on the dynamics of multi-modal trait distributions and we argue it has the potential to facilitate a much tighter integration between eco-evolutionary theory and empirical data.
The purpose of this study was to explore science teachers' conceptions about micro-and macro-evolutionary processes. In this study, a case study was employed to compare and contrast novice and experienced middle s...
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The purpose of this study was to explore science teachers' conceptions about micro-and macro-evolutionary processes. In this study, a case study was employed to compare and contrast novice and experienced middle school science teachers' evolution conceptions. The data were collected using four micro-and macro-evolutionary scenarios alongside cognitive interviews. The findings illustrated that while the novice teacher mostly provided non-Darwinian explanations, the experienced teacher predominantly applied key concepts of natural selection in her causal explanations, but cognitive biases regarding evolution were also found in her explanations. Therefore, the study suggested that the reasons for the coexistence of evolution concepts and cognitive biases be worthy of further exploration. The findings also indicated that even though the experienced teacher used several principles of macroevolution to explain the evolutionary changes above the species level, she based her causal explanations mainly on natural selection concepts. In this regard, the study recommended that teacher education programmes place special emphasis on the areas that are shown to be problematic for teachers like teaching and learning evolution, especially the concepts of macroevolution. The study also suggested that it may be worth the effort to develop a comprehensive qualitative measure in order to uncover learners' conceptions concerning macroevolution.
In this paper a cluster head election problem is studied for a cooperative wireless network. The nodes in the cluster use random linear network coding to enhance the throughput performance in spreading the data for a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424459353
In this paper a cluster head election problem is studied for a cooperative wireless network. The nodes in the cluster use random linear network coding to enhance the throughput performance in spreading the data for a file download service. Some of the nodes in the cluster will access through their cellular link parts of a file to be exchanged among all the cooperative nodes. In such a wireless environment, network coding enhances significantly the throughput performance. A good choice of the nodes acting as information sources for the cluster depends on their position and cellular link throughput and turns to be of utmost importance for the achievement of high performance levels. Therefore, a cluster head election algorithm is needed, which shall be fast in converging to either the optimal or, alternatively, a satisfactory sub-optimal solution. We propose to use the evolutionary theory. Results of our investigations are introduced with reference to a high performing implementation of a genetic algorithm under different network conditions both in static and in mobile environments.
It is often argued that Richard Nelson and Sydney Winter's evolutionary theory is an alternative to neoclassical economics and is compatible with or complementary to Veblenian evolutionary economics. This article ...
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It is often argued that Richard Nelson and Sydney Winter's evolutionary theory is an alternative to neoclassical economics and is compatible with or complementary to Veblenian evolutionary economics. This article subjects such arguments to critical examination. I argue that while Nelson and Winter's theory provides a more realistic account of the firm behavior than Marshallian-neoclassical theory does, it is a neoclassical evolutionary theory in much the same sense as Marshall's economics is quasi-evolutionary, "neo-classical" economics according to Veblen. Therefore, Nelson and Winter's evolutionary theory is in fact a protective modification of neoclassical economics and is antithetical to Veblen's evolutionary economics.
Ever since Darwin, the attempt to reconcile the historical Fall and Original Sin with evolutionary theory has been one of the most intractable problems facing theology and science. Whilst there have certainly been num...
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Ever since Darwin, the attempt to reconcile the historical Fall and Original Sin with evolutionary theory has been one of the most intractable problems facing theology and science. Whilst there have certainly been numerous efforts to tackle this problem, the attempt by Raymund Schwager to develop a synthesis between the two is worthy of careful attention because it offers by far the most systematic attempt which has heretofore been made to harmonize the Fall with evolution. However, while Schwager's solution is both innovative and challenging, it nonetheless has consequences which are problematic for both science and Christian theology.
Synge's interest in evolutionary theory is well-documented, and his plays are often viewed as representations of an Irish culture in decline. In response, this article argues that Synge's tramps, tinkers, and ...
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Synge's interest in evolutionary theory is well-documented, and his plays are often viewed as representations of an Irish culture in decline. In response, this article argues that Synge's tramps, tinkers, and outcasts function as figures for species migration and cultural renewal. To demonstrate that Synge's drama has a footing in the science of speciation, the article details the extent to which Synge was directly familiar with works of evolutionary theory. Although he read Darwin and Herbert Spencer at about the same time, their respective influences show up at much different stages of his literary career. While Synge's earliest prose is most strongly influenced by Spencer's progressivist interpretation of evolution, Synge's Spencerianism soon gives way to a Darwinian interest in the bizarre affinities between the human and animal worlds, as well as to an appreciation of difference rather than a fetishisation of fitness.
This opening address at the Festschrift in Honor of Stanley Metcalfe examines his major contributions concerning evolutionary theory, innovation and Schumpeterian dynamics, competition and innovation systems. Metcalfe...
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This opening address at the Festschrift in Honor of Stanley Metcalfe examines his major contributions concerning evolutionary theory, innovation and Schumpeterian dynamics, competition and innovation systems. Metcalfe's broad intellectual framework is first presented: the use of complementary approaches (theory, appreciative analysis, empirical work and case studies);the wide range of disciplines addressed (economics, technology, sociology, business studies and political science) and the successful combinations of a micro and a macro approach, of a supply- and a demand-side view and of focus on advanced economies and on developing ones. Then the article discusses Metcalfe's contributions regarding competition and selection within an evolutionary framework;innovation systems, institutions and entrepreneurship;and public policy in an evolutionary and system view.
In contrast to the dominant transition framework that examines organizational forms in Eastern Europe according to the degree to which they conform to, or depart from the blueprints of already existing capitalisms, th...
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In contrast to the dominant transition framework that examines organizational forms in Eastern Europe according to the degree to which they conform to, or depart from the blueprints of already existing capitalisms, this paper examines the innovative character, born of necessity, in which actors in the postsocialist setting are restructuring by redefining and recombining resources. Instead of conceiving these recombinations as accidental aberrations, it explores their evolutionary potentials. Its starting premise is that the actual unit of entrepreneurship is not the isolated individual personality but the social networks that link firms and the actors within them. Drawing on recent developments in evolutionary theory, it cautions that although all-encompassing privatization and marketization might foster adaptation in the short run, the consequent loss of organizational diversity will impede adaptability in the long run.
This paper examines new firms creating innovative networks to support their development in emerging industries. Resource-based and evolutionary theories are combined to explain the genesis of a new business ecosystem....
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This paper examines new firms creating innovative networks to support their development in emerging industries. Resource-based and evolutionary theories are combined to explain the genesis of a new business ecosystem. Two case studies of biopharm ventures developing drugs against cancer showed how participants altered their selection environment as they enhanced their network's capability. Resource building took place at the firm and network level through collaborative business models involving innovative contractors. This approach uncovered previously unnoticed features of networks for drug development: resource asynchronies were found to be a stimulus to innovation in development networks, as in the Penrosean firm.
This is a commentary on Adair and Lozano’s (2022) article “Adaptive Choice: Psychological Perspectives on Abortion and Reproductive Freedom.” Here I question the utility and appropriateness of one of the psychologi...
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This is a commentary on Adair and Lozano’s (2022) article “Adaptive Choice: Psychological Perspectives on Abortion and Reproductive Freedom.” Here I question the utility and appropriateness of one of the psychological perspectives offered: evolutionary psychology. evolutionary psychology has often been critiqued by feminist scholars for its reification of traditional gender roles, including the stereotype that women are inherently maternal. A more nuanced view, such as biosocial constructionist theory, may be better suited to answering the questions Adair and Lozano suggest that researchers address.
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