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检索条件"主题词=expectation-maximization algorithms"

共 270 条记录，以下是251-260 订阅

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Estimation of Node Losses in Optical Burst Switched Networks Using Network Tomography

Estimation of Node Losses in Optical Burst Switched Networks...

引用

IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference

作者： A. Sankar Adida T. Venkatesh Tamarapalli C. Siva Ram Murthy Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu IN Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India

Optical burst switching (OBS) is envisioned as the paradigm for a high-bandwidth Internet. Losses due to contention is a serious problem in OBS networks. Since the core nodes have limited capabilities, loss rate cannot be determined at the nodes. Thus, estimating the losses on a path purely based on end-to-end measurements and thereafter develop proactive measures for loss reduction is an attractive option. For the first time, we apply a tomographic technique that can estimate the losses at the core nodes from end-to-end measurement between the edge nodes. We use passive unicast tomography to minimize the network overhead. We model the problem of estimating loss rate at the nodes from path-level measurements as a maximum likelihood problem and solve it using the expectation-maximization algorithm. In simulations, we use a multiple source, multiple destination embedding on the NSFNET topology and observe losses on multiple paths to infer losses at the core nodes. The estimated losses are found to match closely with actual losses measured.

关键词： Optical losses Optical fiber networks Tomography Loss measurement Optical burst switching Internet Time measurement Unicast Maximum likelihood estimation expectation-maximization algorithms

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Offline handwritten character recognition based on discriminative training of orthogonal Gaussian mixture model

Offline handwritten character recognition based on discrimin...

引用

International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition

作者： Rui Zhang Xiaoqing Ding Jiayong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)0769512631

The statistical approach to offline handwritten character recognition, in which classifier design is very important, has been used widely. To approximate the class conditional density more precisely, it can be represented by an orthogonal Gaussian mixture model (OGMM). The parameters of the OGMM are commonly estimated by an expectation-maximization algorithm (EM), which converges to the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Since the MLE cannot directly minimize the classification errors as the goal of classifier design, a discriminative training method based on the minimum classification error (MCE) criterion is used to adjust the parameters of the OGMM. In order to achieve good generalization, the complexity of the classifier, namely the number of components in the OGMM, is determined by following the structure risk minimization (SRM) principle. Finally, the recognition performance is demonstrated by applying it to the handwritten numerals in the NIST database.

关键词： Character recognition Maximum likelihood estimation Handwriting recognition Design methodology Laboratories Intelligent systems expectation-maximization algorithms Risk management NIST Databases

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Characterization of transient wandering tones by dynamic modeling of fractional-Fourier features

Characterization of transient wandering tones by dynamic mod...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： P.L. Ainsleigh N. Kehtarnavaz Naval Undersea Warfare Center Newport RI USA Department of Electrical Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX USA

A novel approach is presented for characterizing transient wandering tones. These signals are segmented and approximated as time series with piecewise linear instantaneous frequency and piecewise constant amplitude. Frequency rate, center frequency, and energy features are estimated in each segment of data using chirped autocorrelations and the fractional Fourier transform. These features are tracked across segments using linear dynamical models whose parameters are estimated using an expectation-maximization algorithm. A new cross-covariance estimator for adjacent states of the dynamical model is given. The feature extraction/tracking algorithm is used to characterize a measured marine-mammal vocalization. Application of the representation algorithm to signal classification is discussed.

关键词： Frequency estimation Piecewise linear approximation Piecewise linear techniques Chirp Autocorrelation Fourier transforms Parameter estimation expectation-maximization algorithms State estimation Feature extraction

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Robust EM-based detection of BICM-OFDM transmissions in the presence of narrowband interference

Robust EM-based detection of BICM-OFDM transmissions in the ...

引用

European Wireless Conference (EW)

作者： Luca Sanguinetti Michele Morelli H. Vincent Poor Department of Information Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

Future wireless communications systems are expected to coexist with different commercial applications over the same frequency bands. This gives rise to co-channel interference, which strongly affects the error-rate performance. In this work, an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system with bit-interleaved coded-modulation is considered and the problem of data detection in the presence of unknown narrowband interference (NBI) is addressed. In particular, an iterative detector that operates according to the expectation-maximization algorithm is derived under the assumption that the interference power on each subcarrier can be modeled as a random variable with an inverse gamma distribution. Computer simulations indicate that the proposed solution is remarkably robust to NBI and outperforms existing alternatives in severe interference environments.

关键词： Robustness Narrowband Wireless communication Interchannel interference Frequency division multiplexing Gamma ray detection Gamma ray detectors expectation-maximization algorithms Power system modeling Random variables

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Receiver design for MIMO OFDM transmission over time variant channels

Receiver design for MIMO OFDM transmission over time variant...

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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)

作者： Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia

This paper considers receiver design for space time block coded MIMO OFDM transmission over frequency and time selective channels. The receiver employs the expectation-maximization algorithm for joint channel and data recovery. It makes collective use of the data and channel constraints of the communication problem. The data constraints include pilots, the cyclic prefix, the finite alphabet constraint, and space-time block coding. The channel constraints include the finite delay spread and frequency and time correlation as well as spatial correlation. The channel estimation part of the receiver boils down to an EM-based forward-backward Kalman filter. To avoid the latency and storage associated with smoothing, we introduce a forward-only Kalman that performs channel (and data) recovery with no latency. Simulations show that the receiver outperforms other least-squares based iterative receivers.

关键词： MIMO OFDM Channel estimation Block codes Delay effects Delay estimation Frequency estimation Petroleum Minerals expectation-maximization algorithms

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MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGE REGISTRATION USING A FAST PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS HYBRID-BASED SIMILARITY MEASURE

MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGE REGISTRATION USING A FAST PRINCIPAL...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Parminder Singh Reel Laurence S. Dooley K.C.P Wong Anko B?rner Department of Communication and Systems The Open University Milton Keynes United Kingdom Optical Sensor Systems German Aerospace Center (DLR) Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

Multimodal retinal images (RI) are extensively used for analysing various eye diseases and conditions such as myopia and diabetic retinopathy. The incorporation of either two or more RI modalities provides complementary structure information in the presence of non-uniform illumination and low-contrast homogeneous regions. It also presents significant challenges for retinal image registration (RIR). This paper investigates how the expectation maximization for Principal Component Analysis with Mutual Information (EMPCA-MI) algorithm can effectively achieve multimodal RIR. This iterative hybrid-based similarity measure combines spatial features with mutual information to provide enhanced registration without recourse to either segmentation or feature extraction. Experimental results for clinical multimodal RI datasets comprising colour fundus and scanning laser ophthalmoscope images confirm EMPCA-MI is able to consistently afford superior numerical and qualitative registration performance compared with existing RIR techniques, such as the bifurcation structures method.

关键词： Image registration ophthalmological image processing principal component analysis mutual information expectation-maximization algorithms

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Evaluating average causal effect using wireless sensor networks

Evaluating average causal effect using wireless sensor netwo...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： M. Coates I. Psaromiligkos Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill University Montreal QUE Canada

Sensor networks have exciting potential applications in agriculture and medicine, where after the application of treatment, it is beneficial not merely to track the response but to assess the causal impact of the treatment reception. We describe a distributed algorithm for the evaluation of the average causal effect of treatment reception upon response. Our procedure applies the expectation-maximization algorithm across a graphical model of the system, using local message-passing techniques. The key collaborative step in the algorithm is simple message aggregation and averaging, which we perform over a tree network topology. Finally, for completeness purposes, we describe a simple framework for the construction and maintenance of the tree topology that provides a robust mechanism for executing the algorithm using spread-spectrum or ultra-wideband communication.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Medical treatment Tree graphs Network topology Agriculture Distributed algorithms expectation-maximization algorithms Graphical models Collaboration Robustness

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Multiscale object features from clustered complex wavelet coefficients

Multiscale object features from clustered complex wavelet co...

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IEEE/SP Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP)

作者： R. Anderson N. Kingsbury J. Fauqueur Signal Processing Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge UK

This paper introduces a method by which intuitive feature entities can be created from ILP (InterLevel Product) coefficients. The ILP transform is a pyramid of decimated complex-valued coefficients at multiple scales, derived from dual-tree complex wavelets, whose phases indicate the presence of different feature types (edges and ridges). We use an expectation-maximization algorithm to cluster large ILP coefficients that are spatially adjacent and similar in phase. We then demonstrate the relationship that these clusters possess with respect to observable image content, and conclude with a look at potential applications of these clusters, such as rotation- and scale-invariant object recognition.

关键词： Wavelet coefficients Shape Object recognition Signal processing Wavelet transforms expectation-maximization algorithms Image retrieval Acceleration Signal processing algorithms Continuous wavelet transforms

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SNiPer 500K: A Novel SNP Genotype Calling Algorithm

SNiPer 500K: A Novel SNP Genotype Calling Algorithm

引用

IEEE/NLM Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop

作者： Jianping Hua David W. Craig Marcel Brun Jennifer Webster Victoria Zismann Keta Joshipura Matthew Huentelman Edward R. Dougherty Dietrich A. Stephan Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix Phoenix AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424402778

The fast development in high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology provides unprecedented power for genome-wide SNP association studies. However, inaccurate genotyping can lead to false association between markers and phenotype. We introduce a new SNP genotyping scheme, SNiPer 500K, for Affymetrix 500K GeneChip. SNiPer 500K designs a parametric classifier for each SNP, by using expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the parameters. A quality index provided by SNiPer 500K shows that it can reliably genotype about 65% of all SNPs, with superior call rate, better Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and reproducibility. SNiPer 500K provides a good balance between coverage and accuracy for high-throughput SNP genotyping and would prove to be an invaluable tool for genome-wide association study

关键词： Genomics Bioinformatics Parameter estimation Algorithm design and analysis Probes Gaussian distribution Covariance matrix expectation-maximization algorithms Reproducibility of results Signal design

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Direction of Arrival Estimation on a Sphere

Direction of Arrival Estimation on a Sphere

引用

International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC)

作者： Alexis Favrot Christof Faller Illusonic GmbH Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9798350361858

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361865

The direction of arrival (DOA) of a sound source emitting in the three dimensional (3D) space can be defined by both its azimuth and elevation angles. Estimating these two angles, using a multiple microphone array, enables to build a two dimensional (2D) histogram to track sources, and such depict the current audio scene. The observation data collected in the histogram are analyzed and modeled, providing multiple, varying DOA values. An analytic function, which fulfills periodicity and continuity over a sphere, is proposed to parametrize the 2D histogram as a statistical model in order to run an iterative algorithm, such as the expectation-maximization (EM) one, providing eventually the corresponding DOA values.

关键词： Histograms Analytical models Solid modeling Direction-of-arrival estimation Three-dimensional displays Two-dimensional displays Estimation Microphone arrays expectation-maximization algorithms Distribution functions

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