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fault-based testing without the need of oracles

INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2003年第1期45卷 1-9页

作者： Chen, TY Tse, TH Zhou, ZQ Swinburne Univ Technol Sch Informat Technol Hawthorn Vic 3122 Australia Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci & Informat Syst Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

There are two fundamental limitations in software testing, known as the reliable test set problem and the oracle problem. fault-based testing is an attempt by Morell to alleviate the reliable test set problem. In this paper, we propose to enhance fault-based testing to alleviate the oracle problem as well. We present an integrated method that combines metamorphic testing with fault-based testing using real and symbolic inputs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： fault-based testing metamorphic testing oracle problem symbolic execution

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fault-based testing in the absence of an oracle

Fault-based testing in the absence of an oracle

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25th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2001)

作者： Chen, TY Tse, TH Zhou, ZQ Swinburne Univ Technol Hawthorn Vic 3122 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0769513727

Although testing is the most popular method for assuring software quality, there are two recognized limitations, known as the reliable test set problem and the oracle problem. fault-based testing is an attempt by Morell to alleviate the reliable test set problem. In this paper we propose to enhance fault-based testing to address the oracle problem as well. We present an integrated method that combines metamorphic testing with fault-based testing using real and symbolic inputs.

关键词： fault-based testing metamorphic testing oracle problem symbolic execution

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Evaluating and Comparing fault-based testing Strategies for General Boolean Specifications: A Series of Experiments

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2015年第5期58卷 1199-1213页

作者： Sun, Chang-Ai Zai, Yimeng Liu, Huai Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Comp & Commun Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China RMIT Univ Australia India Res Ctr Automat Software Engn Melbourne Vic Australia

A great amount of fault-based testing strategies have been proposed to generate test cases for detecting certain types of faults in Boolean specifications. However, most of the previous studies on these strategies were focused on the Boolean expressions in the disjunctive normal form (DNF), even the irredundant DNF (IDNF)-little work has been conducted to comprehensively investigate their performance on general Boolean specifications. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to evaluate and compare 18 fault-based testing strategies using over 4000 randomly generated fault-seeded Boolean expressions. In the experiments, a testing strategy is regarded as effective and efficient if it can detect most of the seeded faults using a small number of test cases. Our experimental results show that if a testing strategy is highly effective and efficient when testing the Boolean expressions in the IDNF, it also shows high effectiveness and efficiency on general Boolean expressions. It is found that one family of fault-based testing strategies, namely MUMCUT, normally deliver the best performance among all the 18 strategies. Our study provides an in-depth understanding and insight of fault-based testing for general Boolean expressions.

关键词： software testing Boolean specification test case generation fault-based testing

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Random vs. scenario-based vs. fault-based testing - An industrial evaluation of formal black-box testing methods

Random vs. scenario-based vs. fault-based testing - An indus...

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3rd International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering

作者： Weiglhofer, Martin Wotawa, Franz Graz Univ Technol Inst Software Technol A-8010 Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9789898111289

Given a formal model of a system under test there are different strategies for deriving test cases from such a model systematically. These strategies are based on different underlying testing objectives and concepts. Obviously, their usage has impact on the generated test cases. In this paper we evaluate random, scenario-based and fault-based test case generation strategies in the context of an industrial application and assess the advantages and disadvantages of these three strategies. The derived test cases are evaluated in terms of coverage and in terms of the detected errors on a commercial and on an open source implementation of the Voice-Over-IP Session Initiation Protocol.

关键词： formal methods evaluation input/output conformance (ioco) random testing test purposes fault-based testing TGV TorX

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Dynamic fault Visualization Tool for fault-based testing and Prioritization

Dynamic Fault Visualization Tool for Fault-based Testing and...

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International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications and Technologies (ACSAT)

作者： Daniel, Patrick Sim, Kwan Yong Swinburne Univ Technol Fac Engn Comp & Sci Kuching Sarawak Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549590;9781467358323

fault-based testing has been proven to be a cost effective testing technique for software logics and rules expressed in Boolean expressions. It can guarantee the elimination of common faults without exhaustive testing. However, average software testing practitioners may not have in-depth knowledge on Boolean algebra and complex logic derivations required to apply existing fault-based testing techniques. In this paper, a dynamic fault visualization tool has been proposed. This tool allows its user to visualize fault-based testing and prioritize test inputs with a simple greedy method. The performance evaluation of this tool has been done on Boolean expressions extracted from a real life aviation tool. The results show that it can achieve significant performance improvements compared to ordinary sequential order test execution and existing static technique. The proposed visualization tool could also identify possible faults to guide the debugging process.

关键词： component Software testing fault-based testing fault Visualization

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ARCHITECTURE-DRIVEN fault-based testing FOR SOFTWARE SAFETY

ARCHITECTURE-DRIVEN FAULT-BASED TESTING FOR SOFTWARE SAFETY

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作者： Havva Gulay Gurbuz Bilkent University

学位级别：硕士

A safety-critical system is defined as a system in which the malfunctioning of software could result in death, injury or damage to environment. To mitigate these serious risks the architecture of safety-critical systems need to be carefully designed and analyzed. A common practice for modeling software architecture is the adoption of architectural perspectives and software architecture viewpoint approaches. Existing approaches tend to be general purpose and do not explicitly focus on safety concern in particular. To provide a complementary and dedicated support for designing safety-critical systems we propose safety perspective and an architecture framework approach for software safety. Once the safety-critical systems are designed it is important to analyze these for fitness before implementation, installation and operation. Hereby, it is im- portant to ensure that the potential faults can be identified and cost-effective solutions are provided to avoid or recover from the failures. In this context, one of the most important issues is to investigate the effectiveness of the ap- plied safety tactics to safety-critical systems. Since the safety-critical systems are complex systems, testing of these systems is challenging and very hard to define proper test suites for these systems. Several fault-based software testing approaches exist that aim to analyze the quality of the test suites. Unfortunately, these approaches do not directly consider safety concern and tend to be general purpose and they doesn't consider the applied the safety tactics. We propose a fault-based testing approach for analyzing the test suites using the safety tactic and fault knowledge.

关键词： software safety safety-critical systems architectural design architectural viewpoints architectural perspectives fault-based testing

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Test suite assessment of safety-critical systems using safety tactics and fault-based mutation testing

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CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第4期27卷 5377-5401页

作者： Gurbuz, Havva Gulay Tekinerdogan, Bedir Catal, Cagatay Er, Nagehan Pala Wageningen Univ & Res Informat Technol Grp Wageningen Netherlands Qatar Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Doha Qatar ASELSAN Ankara Turkiye

A safety-critical system is a system in which the software malfunctioning could result in death, injury, or damage to the environment. Addressing safety concerns early on at the architecture design level is critical to guide the subsequent life cycle activities to ensure that the eventual system is reliable. A fundamental approach to address safety at the design level is the adoption of architectural tactics. It is crucial for safety-critical systems to correctly implement the constraints as defined by the selected safety tactics. Given the limitations of traditional safety measures, particularly in conducting thorough analyses of safety tactics at the architectural design level, our motivation is to close this gap by integrating safety tactics and fault-based mutation testing. This article proposes a systematic approach for assessing the adequacy of test suites of safety-critical systems based on these architectural safety tactics. Our proposed approach involves the integration of safety tactics and fault-based mutation testing to comprehensively assess the adequacy of test suites in safety-critical systems. At the core of our methodology is the adoption of architectural safety tactics, addressing potential issues at the design level. We leverage fault-based testing, utilizing a dedicated metamodel and domain-specific language (DSL) to model safety views and their relation to the code. We use a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach using fault-injection techniques. Our study shows that this systematic approach is feasible and effective for test suite assessment of safety-critical systems.

关键词： Software safety Safety-critical systems fault-based testing Domain-specific language Test suite assessment Safety tactics

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Theory of fault-based predicate testing for computer programs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1996年第8期22卷 552-562页

作者： Tai, KC Computer Science Department North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Predicates appear in both the specification and implementation of a program. One approach to software testing, referred to as predicate testing, is to require certain types of tests for a predicate. In this paper, three fault-based testing criteria are defined for compound predicates, which are predicates with one or more AND/OR operators. BOR (boolean operator) testing requires a set of tests to guarantee the detection of (single or multiple) boolean operator faults, including incorrect AND/OR operators and missing/extra NOT operators. BRO (boolean and relational operator) testing requires a set of tests to guarantee the detection of boolean operator faults and relational operator faults (i.e., incorrect relational operators). BRE (boolean and relational expression) testing requires a set of tests to guarantee the detection of boolean operator faults, relational operator faults, and a type of fault involving arithmetical expressions. It is shown that for a compound predicate with n, n > 0, AND/OR operators, at most n + 2 constraints are needed for BOR testing and at most 2* n + 3 constraints for BRO or BRE testing, where each constraint specifies a restriction on the value of each boolean variable or relational expression in the predicate. Algorithms for generating a minimum set of constraints for BOR, BRO, and BRE testing of a compound predicate are given, and the feasibility problem for the generated constraints is discussed. For boolean expressions that contain multiple occurrences of some boolean variables, how to combine BOR testing with the meaningful impact strategy developed by Weyuker, Goradia, and Singh [21] is briefly described.

关键词： software testing predicate testing fault-based testing Boolean operator faults relational operator faults off-by-epsilon faults

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fault-based test suite prioritization for specification-based testing

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2012年第2期54卷 179-202页

作者： Yu, Yuen Tak Lau, Man Fai City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Peoples R China Swinburne Univ Technol Fac Informat & Commun Technol Hawthorn Vic 3122 Australia

Context: Existing test suite prioritization techniques usually rely on code coverage information or historical execution data that serve as indicators for estimating the fault-detecting ability of test cases. Such indicators are primarily empirical in nature and not theoretically driven;hence, they do not necessarily provide sound estimates. Also, these techniques are not applicable when the source code is not available or when the software is tested for the first time. Objective: We propose and develop the novel notion of fault-based prioritization of test cases which directly utilizes the theoretical knowledge of their fault-detecting ability and the relationships among the test cases and the faults in the prescribed fault model, based on which the test cases are generated. Method: We demonstrate our approach of fault-based prioritization by applying it to the testing of the implementation of logical expressions against their specifications. We then validate our proposal by an empirical study that evaluates the effectiveness of prioritization techniques using two different metrics. Results: A theoretically guided fault-based prioritization technique generally outperforms other techniques under study, as assessed by two different metrics. Our empirical results also show that the technique helps to reveal all target faults by executing only about 72% of the prioritized test suite, thereby reducing the effort required in testing. Conclusions: The fault-based prioritization approach is not only applicable to the instance empirically validated in this paper, but should also be adaptable to other fault-based testing strategies. We also envisage new research directions to be opened up by our work. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： fault-based prioritization fault-based testing fault class hierarchy Software testing Specification-based testing Test suite prioritization

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Comparison of fault classes in specification-based testing

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2004年第8期46卷 525-533页

作者： Okun, V Black, PE Yesha, Y Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Baltimore MD 21250 USA Natl Inst Stand & Technol Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA

Our results extending Kuhn's fault class hierarchy provide a justification for the focus of fault-based testing strategies on detecting particular faults and ignoring others. We develop a novel analytical technique which allows us to elegantly prove that the hierarchy applies to arbitrary expressions, not just those in disjunctive normal form. We also use the technique to extend the hierarchy to a wider range of fault classes. To demonstrate broad applicability, we compare faults in practical situations and analyze previous results. In particular, using our technique, we show that the basic meaningful impact strategy of Weyuker et al. tests for stuck-at faults, not just variable negation faults. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： fault-based testing specification-based testing Kuhn's hierarchy fault classes

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