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检索条件"主题词=fixed-point arithmetic"

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Error Distribution Estimation for fixed-point arithmetic using Program Derivatives

Error Distribution Estimation for Fixed-point Arithmetic usi...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design

作者： Soramichi Akiyama Ryota Shioya Yuto Miyatake Tongxin Yang College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Osaka Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Cybermedia Center Osaka University Osaka Japan Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350309270

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309287

fixed-point arithmetic is widely used because of its efficiency in latency, area, and power consumption. However, determining the number of bits assigned to each variable while considering the balance of efficiency and the error of the program output is challenging. To ease this burden, we (1) propose a new method that estimates the statistical error distributions of the program output when fixed-point arithmetic is used, and (2) implement an error estimation system for HLS programs based on our method. The main idea is to apply an error propagation model based on program derivatives to the distributions of data and their errors. This achieves estimating not only the range of the errors but also the statistical aspects of them without feeding a lot of input data to the program. Furthermore, the input data and their errors can be tweaked at the distribution level, allowing an easy-to-conduct robustness analysis of chosen precision. Our experiments show that our method can estimate error distributions for various operators and a realistic application well, and the estimated results can be used for different types of analyses that help the user determine precision in fixed-point arithmetic.

关键词： Power demand Error analysis Estimation Robustness Data models fixed-point arithmetic

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Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity of linear digital controllers implemented using fixed-point arithmetic

Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity of linear digital controllers ...

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International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)

作者： J.F. Whidborne J. Mckernan Da-Wei Gu Department of AeroSpace Sciences Cranfield University Bedfordshire UK Department of Engineering University of Leicester Leicester UK

The complexity of linear, fixed-point arithmetic, digital controllers is investigated from a Kolmogorov-Chaitin perspective. Based on the idea of Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity, practical measures of complexity are developed for both state-space realizations, and for parallel and cascade realizations. The complexity of solutions to a restricted complexity controller benchmark problem is investigated using this measure. The results show that, from a Kolmogorov-Chaitin viewpoint, higher-order controllers with a shorter word-length may have a lower complexity but a better performance than lower-order controllers with longer word-length.

关键词： Digital control fixed-point arithmetic Floating-point arithmetic Control systems Length measurement Aerospace control Control design Roundoff errors Error correction

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Fault detection of surveillance camera using fixed-point arithmetic operations

Fault detection of surveillance camera using fixed-point ari...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Yi-Chong Zeng Cheng-Juei Yu Wen-Tsung Chang Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana USA

In this paper, we propose fixed-point operations to measure frame quality assessments as features, and then the computed features are analyzed for fault detection of surveillance camera. The proposed operations include fractional addition, fractional multiplication, and fractional division. Two kinds of quality assessments are employed namely structure similarity and average color. The proposed fault detection scheme analyzes the features using rule-based determination, discriminates corrupted frames among normal ones, and determines whether surveillance camera is normal or not. The experiment results will demonstrate that our scheme is efficient in fault detection of surveillance camera based on fixed-point operations.

关键词： Fault detection Cameras Color Surveillance Feature extraction Accuracy fixed-point arithmetic

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Simulation of fixed-point arithmetic in the Lms and Vs Adaptive Filter Algorithms

Simulation of Fixed-Point Arithmetic in the Lms and Vs Adapt...

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IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications

作者： A. Mammela I. Saarinen Telecommunication Laboratory University of Oulu Finland

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Massive MIMO in fixed-point arithmetic

Massive MIMO in Fixed-Point Arithmetic

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International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)

作者： Mi Tian Mihai Sima Michael McGuire University of Victoria Victoria B.C. V8W 2Y2 Canada

ISBN: (数字)9791188428069

ISBN: (纸本)9781665447027

Massive MIMO base stations are expensive to build due to the requirement for a large number of RF transceivers and high-resolution analog-to-digital converters. A way to reduce the implementation cost is to build the base stations with inexpensive hardware, resulting in the received signals to be coarsely quantized. To implement the data detection and decoding process in real time, fixed-point arithmetic with reduced precision is used. This article reports the minimum wordlength needed to maintain the Bit-Error Rate (BER) at acceptable levels. Specifically, the eigenvalue decomposition, which is the most computationally demanding portion of the receiver algorithm, can be calculated with wordlengths of 7 and 10 bits for eigenvectors and eigenvalues, respectively.

关键词： Base stations Massive MIMO Receivers Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Transceivers Real-time systems fixed-point arithmetic

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A Quantum Approach for Implementing fixed-point arithmetic in Solving Ordinary Differential Equations

A Quantum Approach for Implementing Fixed-Point Arithmetic i...

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Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： José E. Cruz Serrallés Oluwadara Ogunkoya Dog̃a Murat Kürkçüog̃lu Nicholas Bornman Norm M. Tubman Silvia Zorzetti Riccardo Lattanzi Department of Radiology Center for Biomedical Imaging New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York NY Superconducting Quantum Materials and System Center (SQMS) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia Illinois USA NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

Differential equations (DEs) serve as fundamental tools in mathematical modeling across scientific disciplines, yet classical numerical solvers face limitations with large-scale or computationally intensive problems. This study explores a quantum-inspired approach to solving DEs, combining quantum-inspired techniques with classical methods. It focuses on fixed-point arithmetic on quantum circuits, utilizing basic quantum gates to manipulate DE solutions. We expand upon the techniques introduced by Zanger et al. [Quantum, 5, 502 (2021)] by offering a precise computation for a fixed-point signed multiplication scheme, while also presenting a quantum circuit capable of executing the fixed-point division algorithm. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through the simulation of a linear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE), where initial conditions and parameters are encoded into quantum circuits using fixed-point representation. By executing sequences of quantum gates mimicking numerical integration steps, we obtain approximate solutions to the ODE with specified fixed-point precision.

关键词： Accuracy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetization Qubit Logic gates Ordinary differential equations Mathematical models Quantum circuit Floating-point arithmetic fixed-point arithmetic

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Wordlength effect on CMA adaptive phased array antenna using fixed-point arithmetic

Wordlength effect on CMA adaptive phased array antenna using...

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Asia-Pacific Conference on Microwave

作者： A. Boonpoonga P. Sirisuk M. Krairiksh King Mongkut''s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand Department of Computer Engineering Mahanakom University of Technology Bangkok Thailand

This paper investigates a wordlength effect on an adaptive phased array antenna using the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). The antenna is a flat four-beam compact phased array whose main beam can be switched into four directions by using four one-bit phase shifters. A beam with maximum received power is exploited as an initial beam for CMA. The wordlength investigation will be shown in term of the signal constellations, SINR trajectories and antenna patterns.

关键词： Adaptive arrays Phased arrays Antenna arrays fixed-point arithmetic Mobile communication Interference elimination Switches Communication switching Adaptive algorithm Adaptive systems

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Comparison of fixed-point arithmetic Errors for the FPGA-Based CRAIMOT Basis Function Generators

Comparison of Fixed-Point Arithmetic Errors for the FPGA-Bas...

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Norchip

作者： Maris Terauds Gatis Valters Uldis Derums Nauris Vasilevskis Peteris Misans Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications Riga Technical University Riga Latvia

This paper describes the mean square error (MSE) of basis function (BF) caused by the quantization of sine/cosine values. MSEs for all CRAIMOT BFs are equal. Additionally, MSEs are estimated for random signals synthesized by a limited number of weighted CRAIMOT BFs (partial sum). Maximal and minimal MSEs are given in dependence on the wordlength of sine/cosine former and the number of BFs used for synthesis. Synthesis error is independent of the number of BFs, practically constant. Errors are compared for two versions of FPGA implemented BF generator and synthesizer. Versions of mentioned devices differ by sine/cosine former blocks implemented using CORDIC and optimal linear interpolation algorithms. A CORDIC former ensures approximately twice better accuracy. A preliminary simulation has been conducted and it has proved the existence of optimal angles (optimal transforms) from the implementation point of view.

关键词： fixed-point arithmetic Signal generators Signal synthesis Quantization Field programmable gate arrays Interpolation Error analysis Algorithm design and analysis Discrete cosine transforms Speech synthesis

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Adaptive fault tolerant digital filters with single and multiple bit errors in fixed-point arithmetic

Adaptive fault tolerant digital filters with single and mult...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers

作者： G. Leon W.K. Jenkins Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana IL USA Department of Electrical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

It has been shown previously that adaptive filters can be designed with hardware redundancy so they can continue operating effectively after the occurrence of certain types of hardware failures, thereby achieving reliability through a mechanism known as adaptive fault tolerance. This paper examines the capabilities of adaptive fault tolerance in cases of single and multiple bit errors in the adaptive filter coefficients using fixed-point number representation.

关键词： Fault tolerance Digital filters Adaptive filters Finite impulse response filter Hardware Adaptive algorithm Circuit faults Computer errors fixed-point arithmetic Redundancy

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Implementation of biorthogonal cosine-modulated filter banks with fixed-point arithmetic

Implementation of biorthogonal cosine-modulated filter banks...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： T. Karp A. Mertins ECE Dept. Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA School of Elec. Comp. and Tele. Eng Wollongong NSW Australia University of Wollongong School of Elec. Comp. and Tele. Eng. Wollongong NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0780366859

In this paper, we consider the implementation of the prototype filter of biorthogonal cosine-modulated filter banks on processors with fixed-point arithmetic. The realization is based on zero-delay and maximum-delay matrices. We show that the perfect reconstruction property of the filter bank is not affected by quantization, rounding and overflow. We also demonstrate how the latter operations influence the frequency selectivity of the filter bank.

关键词： Channel bank filters fixed-point arithmetic Filter bank Finite impulse response filter Prototypes Artificial intelligence Quantization Computational efficiency Delay systems Frequency

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