We present a forward-backward-based algorithm to minimize a sum of a differentiable function and a nonsmooth function, both being possibly nonconvex. The main contribution of this work is to consider the challenging c...
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We present a forward-backward-based algorithm to minimize a sum of a differentiable function and a nonsmooth function, both being possibly nonconvex. The main contribution of this work is to consider the challenging case where the nonsmooth function corresponds to a sum of nonconvex functions, resulting from composition between a strictly increasing, concave, differentiable function and a convex nonsmooth function. The proposed variable metric composite function forward-backward (C2FB) algorithm circumvents the explicit, and often challenging, computation of the proximity operator of the composite functions through a majorize-minimize approach. Precisely, each composite function is majorized using a linear approximation of the differentiable function, which allows one to apply the proximity step only to the sum of the nonsmooth functions. We prove the convergence of the algorithm iterates to a critical point of the objective function leveraging the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality. The convergence is guaranteed even if the proximity operators are computed inexactly, considering relative errors. We show that the proposed approach is a generalization of reweighting methods, with convergence guarantees. In particular, applied to the log-sum function, our algorithm reduces to a generalized version of the celebrated reweighted l(1) method. Finally, we show through simulations on an image processing problem that the proposed C2FB algorithm necessitates fewer iterations to converge and leads to better critical points compared with traditional reweighting methods and classic forward-backward algorithms.
In this paper, we study the convergence properties of a randomized block-coordinate descent algorithm for the minimization of a composite convex objective function, where the block-coordinates are updated asynchronous...
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In this paper, we study the convergence properties of a randomized block-coordinate descent algorithm for the minimization of a composite convex objective function, where the block-coordinates are updated asynchronously and randomly according to an arbitrary probability distribution. We prove that the iterates generated by the algorithm form a stochastic quasi-Fejer sequence and thus converge almost surely to a minimizer of the objective function. Moreover, we prove a general sublinear rate of convergence in expectation for the function values and a linear rate of convergence in expectation under an error bound condition of Tseng type. Under the same condition strong convergence of the iterates is provided as well as their linear convergence rate.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the forward-backward algorithm for solving null-point problems governed by two maximal monotone operators. An application to the split feasibility pro...
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the forward-backward algorithm for solving null-point problems governed by two maximal monotone operators. An application to the split feasibility problem is also sated.
A novel angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation method for both azimuth and elevation based on Bayesian inference and statistical state transition probabilities is presented for the dynamic indoor terahertz (THz) channel. A...
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A novel angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation method for both azimuth and elevation based on Bayesian inference and statistical state transition probabilities is presented for the dynamic indoor terahertz (THz) channel. A precise AoA estimation is crucial for the deployment of a directive antenna, which can compensate for the high path loss and reduce the intersymbol interference. In many application scenarios, the user equipment is moved by the user during the data transmission, and the AoA is not constant. The novel algorithm exploits the fact that the AoA movement can be represented as a Markov process and that the Bayesian inference can be used to combine the likelihood and a priori information to provide a more precise estimate than using the likelihood alone. An indoor human movement model is developed to generate the realistic application scenario and obtain the statistical transition probabilities. The forward-backward algorithm is implemented to carry out the Bayesian inference. The algorithm performance is illustrated using the channel models generated by a ray launching simulator. The background log-likelihood is suggested to adapt the algorithm to the instant channel state change in a multipath environment.
A hidden Markov model with two hidden layers is considered. The bottom layer is a Markov chain and given this the variables in the second hidden layer are assumed conditionally independent and Gaussian distributed. Th...
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A hidden Markov model with two hidden layers is considered. The bottom layer is a Markov chain and given this the variables in the second hidden layer are assumed conditionally independent and Gaussian distributed. The observation process is Gaussian with mean values that are linear functions of the second hidden layer. The forward-backward algorithm is not directly feasible for this model as the recursions result in a mixture of Gaussian densities where the number of terms grows exponentially with the length of the Markov chain. By dropping the less important Gaussian terms an approximate forward-backward algorithm is defined. Thereby one gets a computationally feasible algorithm that generates samples from an approximation to the conditional distribution of the unobserved layers given the data. The approximate algorithm is also used as a proposal distribution in a Metropolis-Hastings setting, and this gives high acceptance rates and good convergence and mixing properties. The model considered is related to what is known as switching linear dynamical systems. The proposed algorithm can in principle also be used for these models and the potential use of the algorithm is therefore large. In simulation examples the algorithm is used for the problem of seismic inversion. The simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and quality of the proposed approximate algorithm. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In recent years, the forward-backward algorithm (FBA) received much attention due to its various applications in image recovery, signal processing, and machine learning. In this paper, we consider the FBA in the setti...
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In recent years, the forward-backward algorithm (FBA) received much attention due to its various applications in image recovery, signal processing, and machine learning. In this paper, we consider the FBA in the setting of Banach spaces that are uniformly convex and q-uniformly smooth. We introduce two viscosity FBA, and one of them with weakly contractive mapping, which generalizes many previous results on the viscosity approximation method with fixed contraction. Moreover, we establish their strong convergences under more general conditions.
Doubly hidden Markov models (DHMMs) have been widely used to analyze a type of time process whose driving factors are hierarchical and hierarchically correlated. A common issue of these models is that they implicitly ...
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Doubly hidden Markov models (DHMMs) have been widely used to analyze a type of time process whose driving factors are hierarchical and hierarchically correlated. A common issue of these models is that they implicitly assume that the dwell time of any system state is constant or exponentially distributed. This property comes from the standard hidden Markov models and causes the DHMM to limitations in some actual application environment, where an application has latent temporal structure and does not follow the exponential distribution but has the period-like or variable-period feature. Such problems are frequently encountered in practice, e.g. network traffic. In this paper, we remove this limitation by a new structural discrete approach named nested hidden semi-Markov model. The proposed model includes a nested latent semi-Markov chain and one observable discrete stochastic process. The bottom latent semi-Markov chain is the core layer and controls the second-layer semi-Markov chain that generates the observable process. The state duration of both the semi-Markov chains can be variable or explicit. The model makes no assumptions on the distribution of the state-duration and the observable processes. An efficient forward and backward recursion procedure is developed for estimating the generator of the proposed model and inferring the underlying state processes for a given observation sequence. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we apply the model to the arrival process of network traffic and compare its simulation traffic and the real traffic. The performance evaluation in the experiments includes time dynamic process, auto-correlation, cross-correlation, statistical distribution and self-similarity.
We propose an extended forwardbackwardalgorithm for approximating a zero of a maximal monotone operator which can be split as the extended sum of two maximal monotone operators. We establish the weak convergence in ...
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We propose an extended forwardbackwardalgorithm for approximating a zero of a maximal monotone operator which can be split as the extended sum of two maximal monotone operators. We establish the weak convergence in average of the sequence generated by the algorithm under assumptions similar to those used in classical forwardbackwardalgorithms. This provides as a special case an algorithm for solving convex constrained minimization problems without qualification condition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In this work, we introduce a new accelerated algorithm using a linesearch technique for solving convex minimization problems in the form of a summation of two lower semicontinuous convex functions. A weak convergence ...
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In this work, we introduce a new accelerated algorithm using a linesearch technique for solving convex minimization problems in the form of a summation of two lower semicontinuous convex functions. A weak convergence of the proposed algorithm is given without assuming the Lipschitz continuity on the gradient of the objective function. Moreover, the convexity of this algorithm is also analyzed. Some numerical experiments in machine learning are also discussed, namely regression and classification problems. Furthermore, in our experiments, we evaluate the convergent behavior of this new algorithm, then compare it with various algorithms mentioned in the literature. It is found that our algorithm performs better than the others.
We consider the minimization of a function G defined on , which is the sum of a (not necessarily convex) differentiable function and a (not necessarily differentiable) convex function. Moreover, we assume that G satis...
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We consider the minimization of a function G defined on , which is the sum of a (not necessarily convex) differentiable function and a (not necessarily differentiable) convex function. Moreover, we assume that G satisfies the Kurdyka-Aojasiewicz property. Such a problem can be solved with the forward-backward algorithm. However, the latter algorithm may suffer from slow convergence. We propose an acceleration strategy based on the use of variable metrics and of the Majorize-Minimize principle. We give conditions under which the sequence generated by the resulting Variable Metric forward-backward algorithm converges to a critical point of G. Numerical results illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in an image reconstruction application.
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