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frame complexity-based rate-quantization model for H.264/AVC intraframe rate control

IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2008年第1期15卷 373-376页

作者： Jing, Xuan Chau, Lap-Pui Siu, Wan-Chi Hong Kong Polytech Univ Elect & Informat Engn Dept Ctr Multimedia Signal Proc Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

In this letter, we present an adaptive intraframe rate-quantization (R-Q) model for H.264/AVC video coding. The proposed method aims at selecting accurate quantization parameters (QP) for intra-coded frames according to the target bit rate. By taking gradient-based frame complexity measure into consideration, the model parameters can be adaptively updated. Experimental results show that when employing our proposed R-Q model, the intraframe target bits mismatch ratio can be reduced by up to 75% as compared to the traditional Cauchy-density-based model. Hence, this is extremely useful for H.264/AVC rate control applications.

关键词： frame complexity H.264/AVC rate control rate-quantization

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frame complexity Guided Lagrange Multiplier Selection for H.264 Intra-frame Coding

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2011年第12期18卷 733-736页

作者： Pang, Chao Au, Oscar C. Dai, Jingjing Zou, Feng Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

Rate-distortion (R-D) optimized mode decision plays an essential role in H.264/AVC encoding. Among all the possible coding modes, it aims to select the one which has the best trade-off between bitrate and compression distortion. Specifically, this tradeoff is tuned through the choice of the Lagrange multiplier. However, in the H.264 reference software, the value of Lagrange multiplier is only determined by the quantization stepsize, with no consideration of the characteristics of the input signal. In this paper, we address the problem of optimal Lagrange determination for intra-frames in a signal dependent environment, and a novel frame complexity guided Lagrange multiplier selection method is introduced. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we propose a novel signal dependent R-D model which uses the average input frame gradient to measure the signal complexity. Second, based on the proposed signal dependent R-D model, we derive the closed-form solution of the optimal Lagrange multiplier. Experimental results suggest that up to 8.18% bitrate reduction can be obtained with negligible additional computation complexity.

关键词： frame complexity Lagrange multiplier mode decision R-D optimization

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frame complexity and the Financial Crisis: A Comparison of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany in the Period 2007-2012

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JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 2015年第1期65卷 1-23页

作者： Kleinnijenhuis, Jan Schultz, Friederike Oegema, Dirk Vrije Univ Amsterdam Dept Commun Sci NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands

Communicative complexity concerns the variety of issues and stakeholders (agenda complexity) and their associations (frame complexity) in the news. One issue may dominate news in crises (9/11, Katrina), but as soon as complexity recovers, uncertainty may decrease and the public mood may improve. The financial crisis in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany (2007-2012) offers an example. An automated content analysis was applied to over 160,000 newspaper articles. frame complexity decreased until the spotlight fell on the demise of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers (2008). The subsequent gradual recovery was only partly interrupted by the euro crisis. A Vector AutoRegression time series analysis shows that increasing frame complexity may indeed have fostered the recovery of financial markets and consumer confidence.

关键词： Communicative complexity frame complexity Agenda Setting Consumer Confidence Financial Crisis

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Temporal Video Transcoding Based on frame complexity Analysis for Mobile Video Communication

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 2013年第1期59卷 38-46页

作者： Yeh, Chia-Hung Jiang, Shu-Jhen Fan Lin, Chih-Yang Chen, Mei-Juan Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Asia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taichung 41354 Taiwan Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Elect Engn Hualien 97401 Taiwan

Mobile communication systems provide more kinds of advanced video services. One of the most significant problems of mobile video communication is to adapt video content to different network characteristics, which is critical to acceptable visual quality of the transmitted videos. This paper proposes a frame selection scheme for temporal video transcoding through frame complexity analysis that consists of visual complexity and temporal coherence. Visual complexity represents the importance of frames and temporal coherence reveals the consequences of frame skipping;both of these two features are good indicators to determine if a frame should be kept. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieves higher visual quality and has more encoded frames than other existing schemes in the same bitrate, which means that our proposed method achieves high accuracy in selecting the representative frames for temporal video transcoding. The proposed method also has better video quality assessment scores than that of other existing methods, which means the proposed method keeps higher level of integrity of the transcoded videos.

关键词： frame complexity frame selection temporal coherence temporal transcoding video quality assessment video transcoding visual complexity

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The Study of frame complexity Prediction and Rate Control in H.264 Encoder

The Study of Frame Complexity Prediction and Rate Control in...

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International Symposium on Image Analysis and Signal Processing

作者： Yang, Jie Zhao, Qiang Zhang, Lei Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Informat Engn Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439867

MAD (Mean Absolute Difference) is a widely adopted expression method of image complexity. By analyzing the relationship between average MAD of some previously encoded P frames in the GOP and the actual MAD of the last previously encoded P frame, a more accurate MAD prediction model is proposed to substitute linear model for MAD prediction. The experiment results show that proposed model performs better in test sequences, as MAD prediction error is more effectively reduced by up to 34% comparing to linear model. By studying the relationship between the bit budget and the image complexity, a method regarding the image complexity is provided here to allocate bit to frames according to their MAD ratio;and an adaptive QP adjustment method is given to improve overall visual quality. Equipped with the methods mentioned above, H.264 coder can effectively alleviate PSNR surges and sharp drops for frames caused by high motions or scene changes in simulation.

关键词： Rate Control frame complexity MAD Bit Allocation H.264

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frame-layer bit allocation for multi-view video coding based on frame complexity estimation

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Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition) 2010年第1期14卷 50-54页

作者：严涛安平沈礼权李振纲王贺张兆杨 School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and System Application

Current multi-view video coding （MVC） reference model in joint video team （JVT） does not provide efficient rate control schemes. This paper presents a rate control algorithm for MVC by improving the quadratic rate-distortion （R-D） model. We reasonably allocate bit-rate among views based on the correlation analysisl The proposed algorithm consists of three levels to control the rate bits more accurately, of which the frame layer allocates bits according to the frame complexity and the temporal activity. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm can control the bit rate efficiently.

关键词： multi-view video coding (MVC) rate control bit-allocation rate-distortion model correlation analysis frame complexity

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H.264/AVC Rate Control Scheme with frame Coding complexity Optimized Selection

H.264/AVC Rate Control Scheme with Frame Coding Complexity O...

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2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy System and Knowledge Discovery(第八届模糊系统与知识发现国际会议 FSKD 2011)

作者： Xiao Liu Ling Tian Yimin Zhou School of Software University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China 61 School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Rate control regulates the output bit rate of a video encoder to obtain optimum visual quality within the available network bandwidth and maintain buffer fullness within a specified tolerance range. The quadratic rate-distortion model is widely adopted in H.264/AVC rate control. However the quadratic model is not precise in terms of the estimation and computation of frame coding complexity. To achieve excellent rate control performance, the paper proposes a novel rate control scheme based on the optimized selection for frame coding complexity. Simulation results indicate that, compared with JM13.2, the new rate control algorithm gets more accurate rate regulation, provides robust buffer control, and efficiently reduces frame skipping. Furthermore, the PSNR gains for QCIF sequences are high up to 0.99dB under all inter-frame encoding formats.

关键词： H.264/A VC Rate Control Video Encoding frame complexity

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Joint complexity Estimation of I-frame and P-frame for H.264/AVC Rate Control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2012年第5期22卷 790-798页

作者： Yan, Bo Sun, Kairan Fudan Univ Sch Comp Sci Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

Rate control plays a significant role for high quality video coding. This paper presents a rate control method for H.264/AVC, using a new bit allocation scheme for both I-frame and P-frame. This scheme is based on our proposed frame complexity measurement and estimation model. The measurement model considers not only the absolute complexity of I-frame and P-frame, respectively, but also the complexity relationship between I-frame and P-frame. Our proposed bit allocation scheme is able to allocate bit rate more efficiently for both I-frame and P-frame in order to achieve a relatively steady visual quality. Experimental results show that our proposed method is capable of providing more stable video quality than other existing methods.

关键词： Bit allocation frame complexity H.264/AVC rate control

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A Reformative frame Layer Rate Control Algorithm for H.264

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第4期56卷 2806-2811页

作者： Chen, Xiao Lu, Feifei Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Dept Elect Informat Engn Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China

Rate control is an important part of video coding. There are two disadvantages in frame layer rate control of JVT-G012 proposal for H.264 video coding standard. One is that the bit allocation in frame layer is uniform and another is that it does not take the encoded frame information into account. This paper presents a reformative frame layer rate control algorithm by combining frame complexity and adjusting quantization parameter (QP). The target bits of each frame are allocated based on its complexity coefficient and then its quantization parameter is adjusted by encoded frame information. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm, in comparison to the original algorithm, reduced the actual bitrate error of video sequences by almost one times, improved average peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) by 0.64 dB and got a smaller PSNR deviation by 29.32%. The algorithm can not only control bitrate more accurately, but also get video image quality better and smoother with lower coding buffer occupancy(1).

关键词： Rate control H.264 video coding frame complexity QP adjustment coefficient

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frame-layer rate control algorithm for H.264 based on improved frame MAD

Frame-layer rate control algorithm for H.264 based on improv...

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Symposium on Remote Sensing and GIS Data Processing and Applications;and Innovative Multispectral Technology and Applications

作者： Cui, Ziguan Liu, Ningzhong Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Informat Sci & Technol Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469540

In this paper, we present an improved frame layer rate control algorithm for H.264/AVC video coding standard. An important step in many existing rate control algorithms is to determine the target bits for each P frame. In the standard rate control scheme of H.264, the target bit number is a weighted combination of remaining bits and bits calculated from buffer regulation. The problem is that the remaining bits are allocated to all non-coded frames equally. This will cause non-uniform image quality over a video sequence. To overcome this disadvantage, first we define frame complexity ratio (FCratio) as a measure for global frame encoding complexity and then allocate initial target bit according to its FCratio. We define FCratio as a weighted combination of motion complexity and texture complexity which can predict current frame complexity more accurately using the statistics of previously encoded frame and the texture information of current frame. Experiment results show that our improved algorithm can acquire more accurate quantization parameter (QP) for each P frame through the quadratic rate-distortion (R-D) model, achieve an average PSNR gain of about 0.28 dB and meanwhile effectively alleviate the buffer's fluctuating range and frame PSNR variation.

关键词： H.264/AVC video coding rate control R-D model MAD linear model RDO HRD JM frame complexity

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