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Two Studies of framework-Usage Templates Extracted from Dynamic Traces

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2012年第6期38卷 1464-1487页

作者： Heydarnoori, Abbas Czarnecki, Krzysztof Binder, Walter Bartolomei, Thiago Tonelli Sharif Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn Tehran Iran Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Lugano Fac Informat CH-6904 Lugano Switzerland

Object-oriented frameworks are widely used to develop new applications. They provide reusable concepts that are instantiated in application code through potentially complex implementation steps such as subclassing, implementing interfaces, and calling framework operations. Unfortunately, many modern frameworks are difficult to use because of their large and complex APIs and frequently incomplete user documentation. To cope with these problems, developers often use existing framework applications as a guide. However, locating concept implementations in those sample applications is typically challenging due to code tangling and scattering. To address this challenge, we introduce the notion of concept-implementation templates, which summarize the necessary concept-implementation steps and identify them in the sample application code, and a technique, named FUDA, to automatically extract such templates from dynamic traces of sample applications. This paper further presents the results of two experiments conducted to evaluate the quality and usefulness of FUDA templates. The experimental evaluation of FUDA with 14 concepts in five widely used frameworks suggests that the technique is effective in producing templates with relatively few false positives and false negatives for realistic concepts by using two sample applications. Moreover, we observed in a user study with 28 programmers that the use of templates reduced the concept-implementation time compared to when documentation was used.

关键词： Object-oriented application frameworks framework comprehension framework documentation concept-implementation templates application programming interface (API) dynamic analysis concept location feature identification

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Supporting framework Use via Automatically Extracted Concept-Implementation Templates

Supporting Framework Use via Automatically Extracted Concept...

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作者： Heydarnoori, Abbas University of Waterloo

学位级别：master

Object-oriented application frameworks allow the reuse of both software design and code and are one of the most effective reuse technologies available today. frameworks provide domain-specific concepts, which are generic units of functionality. framework-based applications are constructed by writing completion code that instantiates these concepts. The instantiation of such concepts requires implementation steps in the completion code, such as subclassing framework-provided classes, implementing interfaces, and calling appropriate framework services. Unfortunately, many existing frameworks are difficult to use because of their large and complex APIs and often incomplete user documentation. To cope with this problem, application developers often use existing framework applications as a guide. While existing applications contain valuable examples of concept implementation steps, locating them in the application code is often *** address this issue, this dissertation introduces the notion of concept implementation templates, which summarize the necessary concept implementation steps, and a technique named FUDA (framework API Understanding through Dynamic Analysis) which automatically extracts such templates from runtime information collected when that concept is invoked in two or more different contexts in one or more sample applications. The experimental evaluation of FUDA with twelve realistic concepts on top of four widely-used frameworks suggests that the technique is effective in producing quality implementation templates for a given concept with high precision and recall from only two sample sample applications and execution scenarios. Moreover, it was observed in a user study with twelve subjects that the choice of templates vs. documentation had much less impact on development time than the concept complexity

关键词： Object-Oriented Application frameworks framework Comprehension Dynamic Analysis Reverse Engineering framework documentation Concept-Implementation Templates

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An empirical investigation of methods for teaching design patterns within object-oriented frameworks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING 2007年第4期6卷 701-722页

作者： Ho, Sin Ban Chai, Ian Tan, Chuie Hong Multimedia Univ Jalan Multimedia Fac Informat Technol Cyberjaya 63100 Selangor Malaysia Multimedia Univ Jalan Multimedia Fac Engn Cyberjaya 63100 Selangor Malaysia

Design patterns have become an important part of modern object-oriented design. It is necessary to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different methods of pedagogical documentation in teaching design patterns. We compared patterns-style documentation with minimalist documentation. Patterns style disagrees with minimalism in that contextual information is not minimal-it usually contains information other than what needs to be done. The discoveries in this empirical study were two fold. First, the MANOVA (multivariate analyses of variance) shows that the effect of patterns-style documentation and minimalism are different. Second, we proposed a prediction model using a regression modeling technique. Considering these results, we formulate some guidelines for effective framework documentation by applying five of the design patterns within the Swing environment as our case study. Different documentation philosophies are better for different goals. For a simple task, use minimalist documentation. For a much more complex problem such involving five of the design patterns, our empirical results suggest using patterns-style documentation.

关键词： framework documentation decision making pedagogy practice patterns minimalist

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Identifying and addressing problems in framework reuse

Identifying and addressing problems in framework reuse

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13th International Workshop on Program Comprehension

作者： Kirk, D Roper, M Wood, M Univ Strathclyde Dept Comp & Informat Sci Glasgow Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)0769522548

Object-oriented frameworks are a powerful form of reuse but they can be difficult to understand and reuse correctly. Over the last decade a large range of candidate documentation techniques have been proposed to address this difficulty. There is little research, however, to identify the specific problems that arise during framework reuse and to evaluate documentation techniques in terms of these problems. This paper reports on a long-term investigation that firstly identifies four fundamental problems of framework reuse: mapping, understanding functionality, understanding interactions and understanding the framework architecture. It then describes two forms of documentation specifically developed to address the mapping, interaction and functionality problems namely a pattern language and a set of micro architectures. An in-depth, qualitative analysis of these two documentation types evaluates the key strengths and weaknesses of their support for framework understanding, whilst confirming the significance of the four problem categories.

关键词： object-oriented frameworks software reuse software comprehension framework documentation

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Introduction to the computing surveys' electronic symposium on object-oriented application frameworks

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2000年第1期32卷 1-9页

作者： Fayad, ME Univ Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 USA

frameworks are specialized for a narrow range of applications;each model of interaction is domain-specific, e.g., designed to solve a narrow set of problems. frameworks evolve over long periods of time. A framework is more than a class hierarchy. It is a miniature application complete with a dynamic as well as a static structure. It is a generic application and can be reused as the basis for many other applications. This topic has captured a great deal of attention in recent years, since frameworks leverage, in practical terms, capital-intensive software investment through reuse, and higher-level application programming interfaces, so that applications can be developed many times faster. Despite dramatic increases in computing power, the design and implementation of complex software remains hard. Moreover, the growing heterogeneity of hardware/software architectures and diversity of operating system and communication platforms make it difficult to reuse existing algorithms, detailed designs, interfaces, or implementations directly. The emerging focus on object-oriented enterprise and application frameworks (OOAFs) in the OO community offers software developers both a new vehicle for reuse and a way of capturing the essence of successful architectures, components, policies, services, and programming mechanisms. By providing reusable skeletons on which to build new applications, frameworks can save countless hours and thousands (even millions) of dollars in development costs. Currently, OOAFs are a very important issue for the software industry and academia because software systems are becoming increasingly complex. I believe that OOAFs will be at the core of the technology of the twenty-first century.

关键词： agent-oriented frameworks aspect-oriented frameworks built-in test reuse class libraries components constraints satisfaction design patterns domain analysis domain-specific frameworks enterprise frameworks framelets framework architecture framework documentation frameworks and pattern languages role object pattern

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Framewo rksand Pattern Languages: An Intriguing Relationship

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ACM Computing Surveys 2000年第1期32卷 2-2页

作者： Brugali, Davide Sycara, Katia Dpt. Automatica e Informatica Politecnico di Torino Torino 10129 C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Italy

The goal of this paper is the comparison between Application frameworks and Pattern Languages. frameworks and pattern languages are concepts proposed in the Object-Oriented literature to capture aspects which unify software development and raise reusability from the basic level of components to the higher level of complete architectures. Our experience in developing applications for a specific application domain (e.g. Flexible Manufacturing Systems), has revealed that an in triguing relationship exists between these concepts. The principal contribution of this paper is to show that frameworks and pattern languages complement each other in the software development process. © 2000, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Design Patterns Development Method framework documentation Pattern Languages

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Hooking into object-oriented application frameworks 97

Hooking into object-oriented application frameworks

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19th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 97) - Pulling Together

作者： Froehlich, G Hoover, HJ Liu, L Sorenson, P Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB. T6G 2H1

ISBN: (纸本)0897919149

An object-oriented application framework provides a generic design within a given domain and a reusable implementation of that design. frameworks have great potential for reuse, but that potential can only be achieved if the framework can be understood and used effectively by application developers. The complexity of the design and implementation of a framework can make understanding the framework difficult, and so good documentation and guidance to the framework user is needed. Several methods exist for documenting the design of the framework, but less work has been done on documenting the purpose of the framework and how it is intended to be used. In this paper, we introduce the concept of hooks as a means of documenting and providing guidance on the intended use of a framework. Each hook provides a concise solution to a focused requirement or problem within the context of the framework. Solutions for more complex requirements can be provided by combining several hooks. A discussion and means of describing hooks is given, with a focus on the method of adaption used to fulfill the requirement and the level of support provided for the solution within the framework.

关键词： object-oriented application frameworks software reuse framework documentation

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