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42nd International Conference on Conceptual modeling: ER Forum, 7th Symposium on Conceptual modeling Education, SCME 2023, Project Exhibitions, Posters and Demos, and Doctoral Consortium, ER-Companion 2023

作者： Burek, Patryk Loebe, Frank Herre, Heinrich Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology Faculty of Computer Science ul. Koszykowa 86 Warsaw02-008 Poland Leipzig University ScaDS.AI Dresden/Leipzig Humboldtstrasse 25 Leipzig04105 Germany Haertelstrasse 16-18 Leipzig04107 Germany

function modeling is a relevant aspect of many branches of conceptual modeling as well as in ontology engineering. In the current paper we briefly outline the results provided in the framework of the General Formal Ontology to support the modeling of functions. We report on work in progress on the development of OWL ontologies serving as ontology patterns for modeling functions. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： function modeling functional decomposition ontology patterns Web Ontology Language (OWL)

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function modeling: A modeling Behavior Analysis of Pause Patterns

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JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN 2020年第11期142卷 111402页

作者： Patel, Apurva Kramer, William S. Flynn, Michelle Summers, Joshua D. Shuffler, Marissa L. Clemson Univ Dept Mech Engn 134 Fluor Daniel EIB Clemson SC 29634 USA Univ Nebraska Dept Psychol 347 V Arts & Sci Hall Omaha NE 68182 USA Clemson Univ Dept Psychol 418 Brackett Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA Clemson Univ Dept Mech Engn 203 Fluor Daniel Bldg Clemson SC 29634 USA Clemson Univ Dept Psychol 320 Brackett Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA

This paper presents a behavior-based protocol study conducted with mechanical engineering students, where the participants developed function-structure models for a novel design problem. A modeling activity video was recorded for each participant and coded using a protocol analysis that captured the modeling sequence, actions, and elements. Pauses in the modeling process were analyzed to identify patterns based on pause time and frequency, the distribution of pauses over the modeling activity, and events preceding and following the pauses. In this study, a pause is characterized as an interruption in the modeling process lasting at least 2 s. Participants were found to spend an average of 38% of the modeling time in pauses, with more of it being allotted to the middle of the modeling activity and less toward the start and end. Three pause types are defined (short, intermediate, and long pauses) based on an analysis of pause lengths, which are then used to analyze events before and after pauses. Participants added elements to the model more frequently, compared to editing and deleting elements. Longer pauses were observed before participants before elements are removed from the model, whereas editing was done more frequently after shorter pauses. Several modeling element pairs are identified that are infrequently separated by pauses, such as the "edge" and "edge text" pair, suggesting that the designer thinks about these as paired elements rather than distinct elements. Limitations of the research methods are discussed, and finally, new research questions are identified as continuing work for this research.

关键词： function structure function modeling pause patterns cognitive-based design conceptual design design representation design theory functional reasoning

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Finite-State Automata-Based Representation of Device States for function modeling of Multimodal Devices

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING 2022年第1期22卷 011008-011008页

作者： Chowdhury, Ahmed Venkatanarasimhan, Lakshmi N. A. Sen, Chiradeep Florida Inst Technol Dept MCE 150 W Univ Blvd Melbourne FL 32901 USA

Graph-based function models used in early-stage systems design usually represent only one operational mode of the system. Currently, there is a need, but no rigorous formalism to model multiple possible modes in the model and logically predict the behavior of the system as it transitions between the modes. This paper presents a representation of operational modes and states of technical devices and systems based on automata theory for both discrete and continuous state transitions. It then presents formal definitions of three signal-processing verbs that actuate or regulate energy flows: Actuate_E, Regulate_E_Discrete, and Regulate_E_Continuous. The graphical templates, definitions, and application of each verb in modeling are illustrated. Finally, a system-level model is used to illustrate the verbs' modeling and reasoning ability, in terms of cause-and-effect propagation and the systems' transition between operational modes.

关键词： function modeling finite-state automata device states and modes

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A Formal Representation of Conjugate Verbs for function modeling

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING 2021年第5期21卷 050904-050904页

作者： Chowdhury, Ahmed Venkatanarasimhan, Lakshmi N. A. Sen, Chiradeep Florida Inst Technol Dept MCE 150 W Univ Blvd Melbourne FL 32901 USA

Modern design problems often require multi-modal, reconfigurable solutions. function modeling is a common tool used to explore solutions in early mechanical design. Currently, function modeling formalisms minimally support the modeling of multi-modal systems in a formal manner. There is a need in function modeling to capture multi-modal system and analyze the effects of control signals and status signals on their operating modes. This paper presents the concept of functional conjugacy, where two function verbs or functional subgraphs are topological opposites of each other. The paper presents a formal representation of these conjugate verbs that formally captures the transition from one mode of operation to its topological opposite based on the existence of, or the value of, signal flows. Additionally, this paper extends functional conjugacy to functional features, which supports conjugacy-based reasoning at a higher level of abstraction. Through the example of a system-level function model of a geothermal heat pump (GHP)operating in its heating and cooling modes, this paper demonstrates the ability to support modal reasoning on function models using functional conjugacy and illustrates the modeling efficacy of the extended representation.

关键词： function modeling functional features structural states functional modes functional conjugacy model-based systems engineering

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A PHYSICS-BASED FORMAL VOCABULARY OF ENERGY VERBS FOR function modeling

A PHYSICS-BASED FORMAL VOCABULARY OF ENERGY VERBS FOR FUNCTI...

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American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers(ASME) International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / 39th American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers(ASME) Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC-CIE)

作者： Sen, Chiradeep Summers, Joshua D. Mao, Xiaoyang Florida Inst Technol Melbourne FL 32901 USA Clemson Univ Clemson SC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791859179

function modeling ofcomplex systems relies on predefined vocabularies offunctions and flows. These vocabularies are usually developed in a top-down approach, i.e., by starting with a survey of existing systems and ident0iing their functions empirically. These vocabularies, while highly useful in manual modeling due to their expressive power and coverage, can be unsuitable for computerized modeling and reasoning, esp. for physics-based reasoning. To this end, this paper presents a physics-based vocabulary offunction verbs developed using the bottom-up approach, where the needfor the verbs is identified through a survey ofphysics phenomena involving operations on various energy forms allowed in physics. This survey results in a minimal set of only six verbs and two logical nodes that are proposed here. Each term is formally defined as object-oriented classes derived from more foundational classes proposed in prior research. The paper shows many applications of these terms, for modeling both simpler devices and more complex engineered systems. Collectively, this new vocabulary provides sufficient coverage over modeling needs and ensures models that are logically consistent and physics-wise valid.

关键词： function modeling vocabularies physics-based modeling formal language reasoning

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EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN function STRUCTURE modeling BEHAVIORS 33

EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN FUNCTION ...

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ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / 41st Annual Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC-CIE) / 33rd International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)

作者： Patel, Apurva Summers, Joshua D. Clemson Univ Mech Engn Clemson SC 29634 USA Univ Texas Dallas Mech Engn Richardson TX 75083 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791885420

This paper presents an exploratory study conducted to understand the role of individual differences between designers in the function modeling process and with respect to final models. An input-process-output framework of function modeling is proposed to systematically approach this theory building and discovery research study. Four measures of individual differences are identified of interest. These include the systemizing quotient, goal orientation, risk propensity, and concept design thinking style. Each metric is composed of multiple items that can be assessed through survey instruments. A previously developed protocol study is used to capture function modeling behaviors and a final function structure model. Data collected from the survey instruments and protocol study is processed to generate input, process, and output measures. A regression-based analysis is used to identify correlations in three groups: input-process, input-output, and process-output. Potential correlations of interest are identified within each group. Implications of these correlations are discussed from a function structure modeling perspective and hypotheses for future research are identified based on the patterns observed in this study. Three testable hypotheses are proposed for future investigation: (1) Goal orientation has no effect on activity distribution in the function modeling process, (2) Thinking style has no effect on the function modeling process, and (3) Risk propensity has no effect on element distribution in the function modeling process. Finally, an anticipated experiment is outlined to investigate one of the potential relationships discovered in this study.

关键词： function modeling individual differences

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Innovative Technique for HPA Characteristics Extraction and Accurate Predistorsion function modeling

Innovative Technique for HPA Characteristics Extraction and ...

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IEEE MTT-S Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC) / IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies - Wireless Power (WoW) / Wireless Power Week Conference

作者： Mulliez, Blaise Moutaye, Emmanuel Tap, Helene Univ Toulouse Toulouse INP ENSEEIHT LAAS CNRS Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9781728107059

In telecommunications, the combination of modulations with non-constant envelope together with nonlinearities leads to strong distortions of the transmitted signals. The linearization purpose is to assure an optimal link transmission quality. In this article, an innovative method to extract linearization characteristics is presented. This technique, using directly experimental data rather than a High Power Amplifier (HPA) modeling, is fast and allows an important linearization accuracy and computational workload improvement compared to classical modeling techniques. It is then applied to determine the ideal linearizer AM/AM and AM/PM transfer characteristics to exploit three real HPA to their fullest.

关键词： High Power Amplifier predistorsion characteristics extraction function modeling

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function modeling: AN ANALYSIS OF PAUSE PATTERNS IN modeling ACTIVITIES

FUNCTION MODELING: AN ANALYSIS OF PAUSE PATTERNS IN MODELING...

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ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences (IDETC) / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE)

作者： Patel, Apurva Kramer, William S. Flynn, Michelle Summers, Joshua D. Shuffler, Marissa L. Clemson Univ Mech Engn Clemson SC 29634 USA Clemson Univ Psychol Clemson SC 29634 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791851845

This paper presents a protocol study conducted with mechanical engineering students, where the participants developed a function structure model for a novel design problem. A modeling activity video was recorded for each participant and coded using a protocol analysis. Pauses in the modeling process were analyzed to identify patterns based on pause time and frequency, distribution of pauses over the modeling activity, events following the pauses, and elements added after pauses. Results show that participants used an average of 38% of the modeling time in pauses with a pause frequency of 41%. Moreover, participants were also found to spend more time in pauses during the second and third quarters of the modeling activity. Subsequently, an analysis of pause lengths revealed three different pause groups corresponding to short, intermediate, and long pauses. Participants added elements to the model significantly more frequently, compared to editing and deleting elements. Instances of deleting were found to be more likely to occur after longer pauses, whereas editing was done more frequently after shorter pauses. Participants paused more frequently before adding flows, and more frequent pauses were observed before labeling function compared to adding function blocks. The flows were found to be labeled after pauses infrequently. Finally, limitations of the study are discussed, and future research questions have been identified.

关键词： function structure function modeling pause patterns

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Enhanced function-means modeling supporting design space exploration

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AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING 2019年第4期33卷 502-516页

作者： Mueller, Jakob R. Isaksson, Ola Landahl, Jonas Raja, Visakha Panarotto, Massimo Levandowski, Christoffer Raudberget, Dag Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Ind & Mat Sci SE-41296 Gothenburg Sweden GKN Aerosp Sweden AB SE-46181 Trollhattan Sweden

One problem in incremental product development is that geometric models are limited in their ability to explore radical alternative design variants. In this publication, a function modeling approach is suggested to increase the amount and variety of explored alternatives, since function models (FM) provide greater model flexibility. An enhanced function-means (EF-M) model capable of representing the constraints of the design space as well as alternative designs is created through a reverse engineering process. This model is then used as a basis for the development of a new product variant. This work describes the EF-M model's capabilities for representing the design space and integrating novel solutions into the existing product structure and explains how these capabilities support the exploration of alternative design variants. First-order analyses are executed, and the EF-M model is used to capture and represent already existing design information for further analyses. Based on these findings, a design space exploration approach is developed. It positions the FM as a connection between legacy and novel designs and, through this, allows for the exploration of more diverse product concepts. This approach is based on three steps - decomposition, design, and embodiment - and builds on the capabilities of EF-M to model alternative solutions for different requirements. While the embodiment step of creating the novel product's geometry is still a topic for future research, the design space exploration concept can be used to enable wider, more methodological, and potentially automated design space exploration.

关键词： Concept design design space exploration DSM enhanced function-means modeling function modeling radical innovation

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function modeling combined with physics-based reasoning for assessing design options and supporting innovative ideation

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AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING 2017年第4期31卷 476-500页

作者： Mokhtarian, Hossein Coatanea, Eric Paris, Henri Tampere Univ Technol Dept Mech Engn & Ind Syst Tampere Finland Univ Grenoble Alpes CNRS G SCOP Lab Grenoble France

functional modeling is an analytical approach to design problems that is widely taught in certain academic communities but not often used by practitioners. This approach can be applied in multiple ways to formalize the understanding of the systems, to support the synthesis of the design in the development of a new product, or to support the analysis and improvement of existing systems incrementally. The type of usage depends on the objectives that are targeted. The objectives can be categorized into two key groups: discovering a totally new solution, or improving an existing one. This article proposes to use the functional modeling approach to achieve three goals: to support the representation of physics-based reasoning, to use this physics-based reasoning to assess design options, and finally to support innovative ideation. The exemplification of the function-based approach is presented via a case study of a glue gun proposed for this Special Issue. A reverse engineering approach is applied, and the authors seek an incremental improvement of the solution. As the physics-based reasoning model presented in this article is heavily dependent on the quality of the functional model, the authors propose a general approach to limit the interpretability of the functional representations by mapping the functional vocabulary with elementary structural blocks derived from bond graph theory. The physics-based reasoning approach is supported by a mathematical framework that is summarized in the article. The physics-based reasoning model is used for discovering the limitations of solutions in the form of internal contradictions and guiding the design ideation effort.

关键词： Dimensional Analysis Conceptual modeling Framework function modeling function Reasoning

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