作者：
Sikora, TLaboratory of Chromatography
DEPg.Fac.Quimica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Circuito interior Cd Universitaria/CP 04510 Mexico D.F.Mexico
The MPEG-4 standardization phase has the mandate to develop algorithms for audio-visual coding allowing for interactivity, high compression, and/or universal accessibility and portability of audio and video content. I...
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The MPEG-4 standardization phase has the mandate to develop algorithms for audio-visual coding allowing for interactivity, high compression, and/or universal accessibility and portability of audio and video content. In addition to the conventional ''frame''-based functionalities of the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards, the MPEG-4 video coding algorithm will also support access and manipulation of ''objects'' within video scenes. The January 1996 MPEG Video group meeting witnessed the definition of the first version of the MPEG-4 Video Verification Model-a milestone in the development of the MPEG-4 standard. The primary intent of the Video Verification Model is to provide a fully defined core video coding algorithm platform for the development of the standard. As such, the structure of the MPEG-4 Video Verification Model already gives some indication about the tools and algorithms that will be provided by the final MPEG-4 standard. The purpose of this paper is to describe the scope of the MPEG-4 Video standard and to outline the structure of the MPEG-4 Video Verification Model under development.
Much public debate today is carried out on Twitter (now X), where the participants employ a range of diverse resources to convey their ideas effectively. Disentangling the resources into clear and understandable struc...
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Much public debate today is carried out on Twitter (now X), where the participants employ a range of diverse resources to convey their ideas effectively. Disentangling the resources into clear and understandable structures and patterns presents a fresh challenge for discourse pragmatics. This article addresses that challenge methodologically by evaluating existing methods for identifying and classifying pragmatic patterns, revealing their drawbacks, and advocating for a new coding system. This categorizes tweets based on a post's primary pragmatic function (informing, appealing, or expressing emotivity), considering subsidiary functions. The study then applies this new scheme to analyze the Twitter debate on the Polish Turow lignite mine, which became a subject of international dispute as the Czech and European authorities sought the mine's closure to eliminate its negative environmental impact. The debate unfolds mainly in Polish, Czech, and English, each language being associated with a distinct discourse. The English discourse emphasizes a transnational appeal for widespread decarbonization, contrasting with the predominantly oppositional, national political perspectives in the Polish and Czech discourses. These rely heavily on emotivity directed, in the Polish case, primarily against the country's ruling party, and in the Czech one against the deal eventually reached with Poland to mitigate the problems. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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