Wireless sensor networks are rapidly evolving technological platforms with tremendous applications in several domains. Since sensor nodes are battery powered and may be used in dangerous or inaccessible environments, ...
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Wireless sensor networks are rapidly evolving technological platforms with tremendous applications in several domains. Since sensor nodes are battery powered and may be used in dangerous or inaccessible environments, it is difficult to replace or recharge their power supplies. clustering is an effective approach to achieve energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. In clustering-based routing protocols, cluster heads are selected among all sensor nodes within the network, and then clusters are formed by simply assigning each node to the nearest cluster head. The main drawback is that there is no control on the distribution of cluster heads over the network. In addition to the problem of generating unbalanced clusters, almost all routing protocols are designed for a certain application scope, and could not cover all applications. In this paper, we propose a swarm intelligence based fuzzy routing protocol (named SIF), in order to overcome the mentioned drawbacks. In SIF, fuzzyc-meansclustering algorithm is utilized to cluster all sensor nodes into balanced clusters, and then appropriate cluster heads are selected via Mamdani fuzzy inference system. This strategy not only guarantees to generate balanced clusters over the network, but also has the ability to determine the precise number of clusters. In fuzzy-based routing protocols in literature, the fuzzy rule base table is defined manually, which is not optimal for all applications. Since tuning the fuzzy rules very affects on the performance of the fuzzy system, we utilize a hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm based on firefly algorithm and simulated annealing to optimize the fuzzy rule base table of SIF. The fitness function can be defined according to the application specifications. Unlike other routing protocols which have been designed for a certain application scope, the main objective of our methodology is to prolong the network lifetime based on the application specifications. In other words, SIF not onl
In this paper, we propose a new method for construction of distance functions and metrics, by applying aggregation operators on some given distance functions and metrics. For some types and examples of aggregation ope...
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In this paper, we propose a new method for construction of distance functions and metrics, by applying aggregation operators on some given distance functions and metrics. For some types and examples of aggregation operators, we analyze which properties of the given distance functions and metrics are preserved by such construction. We also present one possible application of the distance functions constructed in such way in image segmentation by fuzzy c-means algorithm. Other similar applications in image processing are also possible.
At present, the ultra-high frequency method is widely used in the single-source partial discharge (PD) location of substation sites;however, there are issues with the positioning accuracy being too low, and it is diff...
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At present, the ultra-high frequency method is widely used in the single-source partial discharge (PD) location of substation sites;however, there are issues with the positioning accuracy being too low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of multi-source PD positioning. Based on the local outlier factor (LOF) outlier idea and fuzzyc-means (FcM) clustering algorithm, this paper proposes the FcM-LOF algorithm to be applied to the research of multi-source PD positioning. This algorithm removes the discrete points of the original time difference data set based on the principle of the local density threshold, reduces the clustering center error, and improves the accuracy of multi-source positioning. The main research contents of this article are as follows. Firstly, using smoothing filter processing and the energy accumulation method, we collect the time difference of dual- and triple-source PD signals as the data set to be processed, and carry out the laboratory simulation experiment. Secondly, comparing the clustering effects of the k-means and FcM algorithms, it is found that the clustering accuracy of the FcM algorithm is significantly better than that of the k-meansalgorithm, and the positioning error is reduced by 27.3%. Then, using the neighborhood density and outlier factor to eliminate abnormal data, combined with FcM fuzzyclustering, an improved FcM-LOF algorithm is proposed. compared with the FcM algorithm, the positioning error of this algorithm is reduced by 11.6%. It is suitable for multi-source positioning and has a greater improvement in noisy environments. Finally, the improved algorithm is applied to a field simulation test, which verifies the accuracy of the algorithm. We also study the factors affecting the positioning accuracy of the improved algorithm. The research in this paper can provide a powerful reference for multi-source PD detection of power equipment.
Unsupervised clustering algorithms sometimes do not lead to meaningful interpretations of the structure in the data. We propose a new approach in which the concept of cluster density is introduced to assess the qualit...
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Unsupervised clustering algorithms sometimes do not lead to meaningful interpretations of the structure in the data. We propose a new approach in which the concept of cluster density is introduced to assess the quality of an algorithmically generated partition and accordingly guide an amelioration process through split-and-merge operations. (c) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The fuzzyclustering Problem (FcP) is a mathematical program which is difficult to solve since it is nonconvex, which implies possession of many local minima. The fuzzyc-means heuristic is the widely known approach t...
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The fuzzyclustering Problem (FcP) is a mathematical program which is difficult to solve since it is nonconvex, which implies possession of many local minima. The fuzzyc-means heuristic is the widely known approach to this problem, but it is guaranteed only to yield local minima. In this paper, we propose a new approach to this problem which is based on tabu search technique, and aims at finding a global solution of FcP. We compare the performance of the algorithm with the fuzzy c-means algorithm. (c) 1997 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
clustering for the analysis of the genes organizes the patterns into groups by the similarity of the dataset and has been used for identifying the functions of the genes in the cluster and analyzing the functions of u...
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clustering for the analysis of the genes organizes the patterns into groups by the similarity of the dataset and has been used for identifying the functions of the genes in the cluster and analyzing the functions of unknown genes. Since the genes usually belong to multiple functional families, fuzzyclustering methods are more appropriate than the conventional hard clustering methods which assign a sample to only one group. In this paper, a Bayesian-like validation method selecting a fuzzy partition is proposed to evaluate the fuzzy partitions effectively. The theoretical interpretation of the obtained memberships is beyond the scope of this paper, and an empirical evaluation of the proposed method is conducted by comparing to the four representative conventional fuzzycluster validity measures in four well-known datasets. Analysis of yeast cell-cycle data follows to evaluate the proposed method. (c) 2006 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper studies the frequency analysis of droughts using a copula with the application of regionalization in the context of a bivariate homogeneity analysis. Drought events indicated by severity and duration were e...
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This paper studies the frequency analysis of droughts using a copula with the application of regionalization in the context of a bivariate homogeneity analysis. Drought events indicated by severity and duration were extracted from monthly flow averages. A K-meansclustering algorithm was used to form initial regions. A fuzzy c-means algorithm was used to form the final groups of sites that meet the criteria of bivariate discordancy, bivariate homogeneity, and size. The application of the Gumbel, clayton, and Frank copulas for bivariate drought frequency analysis was studied. Results show the importance of a clear definition of drought in every scenario since, in our example, the longest drought does not necessarily correspond to the most severe one. Another important observation of this study was that, given the average annual rainfall of a catchment, droughts seem to occur in almost all regions, humid or arid. However, areas with higher annual rainfall can experience shorter but more severe drought. The procedures of this study are applicable for flood frequency analysis as well. Furthermore, ungauged sites can be integrated in the procedure of regionalization.
clustering aims to partition a data set into homogenous groups which gather similar objects. Object similarity, or more often object dissimilarity, is usually expressed in terms of some distance function. This approac...
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clustering aims to partition a data set into homogenous groups which gather similar objects. Object similarity, or more often object dissimilarity, is usually expressed in terms of some distance function. This approach, however, is not viable when dissimilarity is conceptual rather than metric. In this paper, we propose to extract the dissimilarity relation directly from the available data. To this aim, we train a feedforward neural network with some pairs of points with known dissimilarity. Then, we use the dissimilarity measure generated by the network to guide a new unsupervised fuzzy relational clustering algorithm. An artificial data set and a real data set are used to show how the clustering algorithm based on the neural dissimilarity outperforms some widely used (possibly partially supervised) clustering algorithms based on spatial dissimilarity.
Signal modulation recognition is often reliant on clustering algorithms. The fuzzyc-means (FcM) algorithm, which is commonly used for such tasks, often converges to local optima. This presents a challenge, particular...
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Signal modulation recognition is often reliant on clustering algorithms. The fuzzyc-means (FcM) algorithm, which is commonly used for such tasks, often converges to local optima. This presents a challenge, particularly in low-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) environments. We propose an enhanced FcM algorithm that incorporates particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the accuracy of recognizing M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) signal orders. The process is a two-step clustering process. First, the constellation diagram of the received signal is used by a subtractive clustering algorithm based on SNR to figure out the initial number of clustering centers. The PSO-FcM algorithm then refines these centers to improve precision. Accurate signal classification and identification are achieved by evaluating the relative sizes of the radii around the cluster centers within the MQAM constellation diagram and determining the modulation order. The results indicate that the Sc-based PSO-FcM algorithm outperforms the conventional FcM in clustering effectiveness, notably enhancing modulation recognition rates in low-SNR conditions, when evaluated against a variety of QAM signals ranging from 4QAM to 64QAM.
These days consumers' various demands are accelerating research on apparel manufacturing system including automatic measurement, pattern generation, and clothing simulation. Accordingly, methods of reconstructing ...
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These days consumers' various demands are accelerating research on apparel manufacturing system including automatic measurement, pattern generation, and clothing simulation. Accordingly, methods of reconstructing human body from point-clouds measured using a three dimensional scanning device are required for apparel cAD system to support these functions. In particular, we present in this study a human body reconstruction method focused on two issues, which are the decision of the number of control point for each sectional curve with error bound and the local knot removal for reducing the unusual concentration of control points. The approximation of sectional curves with error bounds as an approximation criterion leads all sectional curves to their own particular shapes apart from the number of control points. In addition, the application of the local knot removal to construction of human body sectional curves reduces the unusual concentration of control points effectively. The results may be used to produce an apparel cAD system as an automatic pattern generation system and a clothing simulation system through the low level control of NUBS or NURBS.
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