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geographical model-derived grid-based directional routing for massively dense WSNs

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2016年第1期2016卷 1页

作者： Li, Jing-Ya Ko, Ren-Song Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn 168Sec 1Univ Rd Chiayi Taiwan

This paper presents the grid-based directional routing algorithms for massively dense wireless sensor networks. These algorithms have their theoretical foundation in numerically solving the minimum routing cost problems, which are formulated as continuous geodesic problems via the geographical model. The numerical solutions provide the routing directions at equally spaced grid points in the region of interest, and then, the directions can be used as guidance to route information. In this paper, we investigate two types of routing costs, position-only-dependent costs (e.g., hops, throughput, or energy) and traffic-proportional costs (which correspond to energy-load-balancing). While position-only-dependent costs can be approached directly from geodesic problems, traffic-proportional costs are more easily tackled by transforming the geodesic problem into a set of equations with regard to the routing vector field. We also investigate two numerical approaches for finding the routing direction, the fast marching method for position-only-dependent costs and the finite element method (and its derived distributed algorithm, Gauss-Seidel iteration with finite element method (DGSI-FEM)) for traffic-proportional costs. Finally, we present the numerical results to demonstrate the quality of the derived routing directions.

关键词： Wireless sensor network geographical routing algorithm Geodesic problem Fast marching method Finite element method

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EAGR: Energy Aware Greedy routing in sensor networks

EAGR: Energy Aware Greedy Routing in sensor networks

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International Conference on Future Generation Communication Networking

作者： Haider, Razia Javed, Muhammad Younas Khattak, Naveed S. Natl Univ Sci & Technol Mil Coll Signals Dept Comp Sci Rawalpinid Pakistan Natl Univ Sci & Technol E&ME Coll Dept Comp Sci Rawalpinid Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)0769530486

The energy efficiency is one of the key concerns in sensor networks for their better performance, as sensor nodes are limited in their battery power. In this paper, a location based algorithm, EAGR (Energy Aware Greedy routing), is presented for sensor networks to extend the lifetime of the network and to get the higher data delivery rate and to balance the energy consumption of nodes. In EAGR, each node makes the local decision to choose its next hop. This algorithm works on forwarding rule based on location and energy levels of nodes. Each node knows its own geographic location & its energy levels and the location & energy level of its neighbors. The transmitting node writes the geographic position of destination into the packet header and forwards it to the destination by establishing the sub-destinations. Now these sub-destination nodes should be alive and geographically near to the destination node to route the packet by choosing the shortest and reliable path. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm gives the better performance in terms of higher data delivery rate and less number of dead nodes. Consequently, EAGR can effectively increase the lifetime of the network.

关键词： sensor networks energy-efficient geographical routing algorithm

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