This study focuses on the visualization and simulation of graphics algorithms based on OpenGL, aiming to intuitively demonstrating the principles and effects of these algorithms through a constructed simulation platfo...
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Applications of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in medicine require real-time visualization and modeling of large three-dimensional data sets. Consequently, these applications require powerful computat...
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Applications of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in medicine require real-time visualization and modeling of large three-dimensional data sets. Consequently, these applications require powerful computation, extensive high-bandwidth memory, and fast communication links. In the past, the manufacturers of medical imaging equipment produced their own special-purpose proprietary hardware for image processing and solid graphics. Due to the developments in computer hardware in general and in graphics accelerators in particular, there is a trend toward replacing the proprietary hardware with off-the-shelf (OTS) equipment. Computer graphics itself has advanced in its quest for realism. Generic algorithms such as shading, texture mapping, and volume rendering have been developed to meet the resultant ever increasing requirements. Advances in both the OTS CPU and graphics hardware have enabled real-time implementations of these algorithms, thereby facilitating many of the medical VR/AR applications used today. The development of graphics libraries such as OpenGL has also been an important factor. These libraries provide an underlying portable software platform that optimizes the utilization of the available graphics hardware. OpenGL has become a standard graphics application programming interface, particularly for graphics-intensive applications, and more and more OTS systems provide hardware implementations of OpenGL commands. This review paper follows the evolution of these technologies and examines their crucial role in enabling the appearance of the current VR/AR applications in medicine and provides a look at current trends and future possibilities.
Processor speeds are improving faster than memory access speeds. The current generation of RISC processors can perform many two-dimensional graphics operations at or near memory or bus bandwidth speeds, rendering spec...
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Processor speeds are improving faster than memory access speeds. The current generation of RISC processors can perform many two-dimensional graphics operations at or near memory or bus bandwidth speeds, rendering specialized hardware unnecessary for all but the most demanding applications. This paper describes the DECStation 3100 and DECStation 500/200CX color frame buffer hardware and several of the graphics algorithms used in the X server implementation. Measured performance numbers are presented and compared to memory bandwidth speed, and the most important contributors to the frame buffer's performance are summarized.
Práce se věnuje problematice zobrazování a metodami sledování paprsků, zejména nejstarší metodě raytracing. Kromě přiblížení historie algoritmů z této rodiny, ...
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Práce se věnuje problematice zobrazování a metodami sledování paprsků, zejména nejstarší metodě raytracing. Kromě přiblížení historie algoritmů z této rodiny, přináší detailní popis fyzikálního modelu, nástrojů a technik nezbytných pro vytvoření rendrovací aplikace. Značnou část práce pak tvoří samotná implementace aplikace pro fotorealistické zobrazování virtuálních 3D scén určených pro interaktivní grafiku, tedy zobrazování scén bez použití nestandardních informací z modelu. Obsahuje popis problémů a vysvětlení použitých řešení a postupů.
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