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habitat loss and fragmentation reduce effective gene flow by disrupting seed dispersal in a neotropical palm

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 2018年第15期27卷 3055-3069页

作者： Browne, Luke Karubian, Jordan Tulane Univ Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol New Orleans LA 70118 USA Fdn Conservat Trop Andes Quito Ecuador Univ Calif Los Angeles UCLA La Kretz Ctr Calif Conservat Sci Inst Environm & Sustainabil Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

habitat loss and fragmentation often reduce gene flow and genetic diversity in plants by disrupting the movement of pollen and seed. However, direct comparisons of the contributions of pollen vs. seed dispersal to genetic variation in fragmented landscapes are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we partitioned the genetic diversity contributed by male gametes from pollen sources and female gametes from seed sources within established seedlings of the palm Oenocarpus bataua in forest fragments and continuous forest in northwest Ecuador. This approach allowed us to quantify the separate contributions of each of these two dispersal processes to genetic variation. Compared to continuous forest, fragments had stronger spatial genetic structure, especially among female gametes, and reduced effective population sizes. We found that within and among fragments, allelic diversity was lower and genetic structure higher for female gametes than for male gametes. Moreover, female gametic allelic diversity in fragments decreased with decreasing surrounding forest cover, while male gametic allelic diversity did not. These results indicate that limited seed dispersal within and among fragments restricts genetic diversity and strengthens genetic structure in this system. Although pollen movement may also be impacted by habitat loss and fragmentation, it nonetheless serves to promote gene flow and diversity within and among fragments. Pollen and seed dispersal play distinctive roles in determining patterns of genetic variation in fragmented landscapes, and maintaining the integrity of both dispersal processes will be critical to managing and conserving genetic variation in the face of continuing habitat loss and fragmentation in tropical landscapes.

关键词： allelic alpha beta and gamma diversity Choco rainforest habitat loss and fragmentation Oenocarpus bataua population genetics

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Climate change and human colonization triggered habitat loss and fragmentation in Madagascar

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MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 2017年第19期26卷 5203-5222页

作者： Salmona, Jordi Heller, Rasmus Quemere, Erwan Chikhi, Lounes Inst Gulbenkian Cienca Oeiras Portugal Univ Paul Sabatier UMR CNRS 5174 Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol Toulouse France Univ Toulouse UMR EDB 5174 Toulouse France Univ Copenhagen Dept Biol Copenhagen N Denmark Univ Toulouse CEFS INRA Castanet Tolosan France

The relative effect of past climate fluctuations and anthropogenic activities on current biome distribution is subject to increasing attention, notably in biodiversity hot spots. In Madagascar, where humans arrived in the last similar to 4 to 5,000years, the exact causes of the demise of large vertebrates that cohabited with humans are yet unclear. The prevailing narrative holds that Madagascar was covered with forest before human arrival and that the expansion of grasslands was the result of human-driven deforestation. However, recent studies have shown that vegetation and fauna structure substantially fluctuated during the Holocene. Here, we study the Holocene history of habitat fragmentation in the north of Madagascar using a population genetics approach. To do so, we infer the demographic history of two northern Madagascar neighbouring, congeneric and critically endangered forest dwelling lemur speciesPropithecus tattersalli and Propithecus perrieriusing population genetic analyses. Our results highlight the necessity to consider population structure and changes in connectivity in demographic history inferences. We show that both species underwent demographic fluctuations which most likely occurred after the mid-Holocene transition. While mid-Holocene climate change probably triggered major demographic changes in the two lemur species range and connectivity, human settlements that expanded over the last four millennia in northern Madagascar likely played a role in the loss and fragmentation of the forest cover.

关键词： approximate Bayesian computation habitat loss and fragmentation human colonization landscape history Madagascar

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Quantifying Biodiversity's Present and Future: Current Potentials and SSP-RCP-Driven Land Use Impacts

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EARTHS FUTURE 2025年第2期13卷

作者： Cheng, Yilin Liu, Hongxi Du, Jizeng Yi, Yujun Beijing Normal Univ Sch Environm State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat & Pollut Cont Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Adv Inst Nat Sci Zhuhai Peoples R China

Biodiversity, vital for ecosystem stability and human well-being, faces threats from land use and climate change. Accurately predicting these effects is crucial for effective conservation. High emission development scenario is commonly viewed as the most detrimental to biodiversity. However, recent researches suggest a more complex relationship between development paths and biodiversity outcomes. Our study addresses this by using an emergy-based approach to estimate current provincial-level biodiversity potential and project future species richness losses (amphibians, mammals, and birds) across climate zones and provincial divisions under various SSP-RCP scenarios for 2030, 2050, 2070, and 2090. The results revealed significant regional variations in China's biodiversity potential, with the highest in southwestern provinces. Future land use trends indicate increased construction land and barren alongside a decline in grasslands, leading to considerable habitat loss and fragmentation under various scenarios, stressing conservation needs. Future biodiversity loss follows the Hu line and climate zones, with significant decreases in the south and humid regions. Land-use changes could reduce species richness by 1-6 per 10 km grid cell. High-emission scenario SSP585 do not necessarily have the most detrimental effects on biodiversity and different scenarios require targeted focus on specific climatic zones and provinces. These findings underscore that different scenarios require targeted conservation efforts in specific regions sensitive to biodiversity loss. Our study provides a scientific foundation for these targeted efforts, ensuring that regions are prioritized under various future scenarios. This approach aids in developing effective conservation strategies amidst the complex interplay of land use dynamics and climate change.

关键词： biodiversity potential land use projection SSP-RCP scenarios habitat loss and fragmentation species richness

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Changes in carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon fluxes on seagrass patches (Halodule wrightii) with different ages in Southern Gulf of California

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MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023年第1期191卷 106136页

作者： Egea, Luis G. Perez-Estrada, Claudia J. Jimenez-Ramos, Rocio Hernandez, Ignacio Lopez-Lopez, Silverio Brun, Fernando G. Univ Cadiz Fac Marine & Environm Sci Dept Biol Int Campus Excellence Sea CEIMAR Puerto Real 11510 Spain Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC Ave Inst Politecn Nacl 195 La Paz 23096 Bcs Mexico Inst Politecn Nacl Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas CICIMAR I Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina Ave Inst Politecn Nacl S-N La Paz 23096 Bcs Mexico

Seagrass meadows are highly dynamic, particularly in sites where extreme climatological events may produce a mosaic of patches with different ages. This study evaluates the community carbon metabolism, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes and associated fauna in patches of Halodule wrightii with different ages since establishment. Net community production declined as patch age increased, probably due to the increase in non-photosynthetic tissues, higher respiration rates of the community assemblage and a likely increase in self-shading of the canopy. The export of DOC was significantly higher in the youngest patches, mainly as a consequence of the lower seagrass net production recorded in older meadows. We concluded that 'colonizers' seagrass species may show higher production rates and DOC release during the first stages of colonization, which suggest that, the production, organic carbon exportation and their role as relevant blue carbon communities may be higher than expected.

关键词： Biodiversity Dissolved organic carbon Extreme climatological events Gulf of California habitat loss and fragmentation Halodule wrightii Primary production Seagrass colonization and recovery

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How ancient forest fragmentation and riparian connectivity generate high levels of genetic diversity in a microendemic Malagasy tree

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MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 2023年第2期32卷 299-315页

作者： Salmona, Jordi Dresen, Axel Ranaivoson, Anicet E. Manzi, Sophie Le Pors, Barbara Hong-Wa, Cynthia Razanatsoa, Jacqueline Andriaholinirina, Nicole, V Rasoloharijaona, Solofonirina Vavitsara, Marie-Elodie Besnard, Guillaume Univ Paul Sabatier Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol UMR5174 CNRS UPS IRD Toulouse France Univ Mahajanga Fac Sci Mahajanga Madagascar Inst Gulbenkian Cienca Oeiras Portugal Delaware State Univ Claude E Phillips Herbarium Dover DE USA Herbier Dept Fiore Parc Bot & Zool Tsimbazaza Antananarivo Madagascar

Understanding landscape changes is central to predicting evolutionary trajectories and defining conservation practices. While human-driven deforestation is intense throughout Madagascar, exceptions in areas such as the Loky-Manambato region (north) raise questions regarding the causes and age of forest fragmentation. The Loky-Manambato region also harbours a rich and endemic flora, whose evolutionary origin remains poorly understood. We assessed the genetic diversity of an endangered microendemic Malagasy olive species (Noronhia spinifolia Hong-Wa) to better understand the vegetation dynamics in the Loky-Manambato region and its influence on past evolutionary processes. We characterized 72 individuals sampled across eight forests through nuclear and mitochondrial restriction-associated DNA sequencing data and chloroplast microsatellites. Combined population and landscape genetics analyses indicate that N. spinifolia diversity is largely explained by the current forest cover, highlighting a long-standing habitat mosaic in the region. This sustains a major and long-term role of riparian corridors in maintaining connectivity across these antique mosaic habitats, calling for the study of organismal interactions that promote gene flow.

关键词： connectivity cpSSR gene flow habitat loss and fragmentation habitat mosaic landscape genetics Madagascar Malagasy olive mitochondrial DNA RADseq

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Traits influence reptile responses to fire in a fragmented agricultural landscape

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LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022年第9期37卷 2363-2382页

作者： Lazzari, J. Sato, C. F. Driscoll, D. A. Australian Natl Univ Fenner Sch Environm & Soc Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Deakin Univ Burwood Ctr Integrat Ecol Sch Life & Environm Sci Melbourne Vic 3125 Australia

Context habitat loss and fragmentation can interact with other threats, including altered fire regimes, and responses to these effects can be mediated by functional traits. Objectives To determine how richness and abundance of reptile trait groups respond to habitat fragmentation, patch isolation and fire. Methods We surveyed reptiles in 30 sites over 3 years. Sites in remnant patches in farmland were adjacent to a conservation park with either recently burnt or long-unburnt habitat. The remnant patches were stratified by distance from the reserve. Sites were spatially paired, and we experimentally burnt one of each pair in farmland. Trait groups included size, reproduction, habitat position, diet, and activity period. Results None of the trait groups benefited from experimental burns, while the burns reduced abundance of viviparous, small, and above-ground species. Species richness was lower in isolated sites than in sites close to the conservation park, while generalist trait groups appeared unaffected by patch isolation. Large-sized reptiles had higher abundance in remnants. There was not more rapid colonisation of burnt sites near recently burnt conservation park. Instead, low initial abundance may have been caused by fire in combination with drought, with high rainfall during the study allowing recovery and spill-over into adjacent remnants. Conclusions Landscape structure appears to interact with natural fires, restoration burns and longer-term climatic trends to influence the abundance and distribution of reptiles. Traits mediate responses, enabling us to formulate a set of testable mechanistic hypotheses, which illustrates a pathway to generalisation and prediction.

关键词： Body size Fire Functional traits habitat loss and fragmentation Oviparous Patch isolation

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Phenotypic and environmental correlates of natal dispersal movements in fragmented landscapes

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LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022年第11期37卷 2819-2833页

作者： Robles, Hugo Ciudad, Carlos Porro, Zeno Fattebert, Julien Pasinelli, Gilberto Tschumi, Matthias Vila, Marta Grueebler, Martin U. Swiss Ornithol Inst Seerose 1 CH-6204 Sempach Switzerland Univ Antwerp Evolutionary Ecol Grp EVECO Campus Drie EikenUniv Pl 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium Univ Oviedo Dept Biol Organisms & Syst BOS Zool Unit Catedrat Rodrigo Uria S-N E-33071 Oviedo Spain Univ Leon Dept Biodiversidad & Gest Ambiental Campus Vegazana S-N E-24071 Leon Spain Univ Pavia Dept Earth & Environm Sci Via Adolfo Ferrata 9 I-27100 Pavia Italy Univ KwaZulu Natal Ctr Funct Biodivers Sch Life Sci ZA-4000 Durban South Africa Univ Zurich Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies Zurich Switzerland Univ A Coruna Fac Ciencias Dept Biol Grp Invest Biol Evolut A Zapateira 15071 A Coruna Spain

Context Natal dispersal critically influences eco-evolutionary dynamics and the persistence of spatially structured populations. As both short- and long-distance movements contribute to population persistence in fragmented landscapes, understanding dispersal requires assessing phenotypic and environmental effects on a wide range of distances. Objectives To assess phenotypic and environmental correlates of dispersal movements in fragmented landscapes. Methods We radio-tracked juvenile middle spotted woodpeckers in fragmented landscapes to assess phenotypic and environmental effects on emigration age, transfer duration (in days), and transfer distances. Results Large fledglings and those in good condition emigrated earlier than smaller individuals and those in worse condition. Birds in better condition also reduced transfer duration. Overall, females dispersed earlier, remained shorter at transfer and moved further than males. However, while females increased transfer distances with increasing connectivity, males increased distances with decreasing connectivity. Emigration age increased with decreasing patch size and increasing patch quality, and with decreasing population density in patches with soft edges. Both transfer duration and distance increased with decreasing population density. Conclusions The correlations between phenotypic traits of fledglings and their posterior movements suggest that early-life conditions influenced dispersal through carry-over effects. Early emigration from low-quality and high-populated patches can be a behavioural mechanism to quickly escape adverse natal conditions, but population density effects were modulated by edge hardness. Finally, because reductions in connectivity led to similar transfer distances between sexes through a reduction in female distances, a lack of sex-biased dispersal can be a previously overlooked effect of habitat isolation that may alter eco-evolutionary dynamics.

关键词： Dispersal behaviour habitat degradation habitat loss and fragmentation Middle spotted woodpecker Multicausality of dispersal

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No Planet for Apes? Assessing Global Priority Areas and Species Affected by Linear Infrastructures

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 2022年第1期43卷 57-73页

作者： Ascensao, Fernando D'Amico, Marcello Barrientos, Rafael Univ Lisbon Fac Sci Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Changes Lisbon Portugal Univ Porto CIBIO InBIO Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Biol Rd Ecol Lab Dept Biodivers Ecol & Evolut Madrid Spain

Approximately 65% of primate species are facing extinction, with threats including the impacts of linear infrastructures such as roads, railways, and power lines, associated with habitat loss and fragmentation, direct and indirect mortality, and changes in animal behavioral patterns. Nevertheless, this is an often-overlooked topic in primatology, and there is limited information on which regions and species are most affected by linear infrastructures. Here, we provide a global assessment of priority areas and primate species for conservation by integrating information from global-scale open-access data sets on the distributional ranges, traits, and threats to primate species and linear infrastructures, together with a systematic literature review and a questionnaire sent to primatological societies. We produced a bivariate map that reflects the patterns of co-occurrence of the Conservation Value and Infrastructure Density. From this map we highlight Primate Mitigation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and Infrastructure Density), which are areas where infrastructure mitigation should be prioritized;and the Primate Preservation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and low Infrastructure Density), which represent areas that should be preserved from further infrastructure development. Primate Mitigation Areas primarily include the Atlantic forest of Brazil, the Guinean forests of West Africa, and most of Southeastern Asia, whereas Primate Preservation Areas are found principally in the Amazon and Congo River basins. Our assessment also produced a list of priority species affected by infrastructures, with the great apes and gibbons ranking highest. Global infrastructure projects, especially the Belt and Road Initiative, can seriously affect both priority areas (particularly preservation areas) and the most vulnerable species, due to the massive sprawl of linear infrastructures and associated human activity. Thus, we call for dedicated st

关键词： Behavioral changes Belt and Road Initiative habitat loss and fragmentation Primates Transportation infrastructures

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Patch age alters seagrass response mechanisms to herbivory damage

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MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024年 197卷 106443页

作者： Jimenez-Ramos, Rocio Egea, Luis G. Perez-Estrada, Claudia J. Balart, Eduardo F. Vergara, Juan J. Brun, Fernando G. Univ Cadiz Inst Marine Res INMAR Fac Marine & Environm Sci Dept BiolInt Campus Excellence Sea CEIMAR Cadiz 11510 Spain Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC Av Inst Politecn Nacl 195 La Paz 23096 Mexico

Natural disturbances can produce a mosaic of seagrass patches of different ages, which may affect the response to herbivory. These pressures can have consequences for plant performance. To assess how seagrass patch age affects the response to herbivory, we simulated the effect of herbivory by clipping leaves of Halodule wrightii in patches of 2, 4 and 6 years. All clipped plants showed ability to compensate herbivory by increasing leaf growth rate (on average 4.5 -fold). The oldest patches showed resistance response by increasing phenolic compounds (1.2 -fold). Contrastingly, the concentration of phenolics decreased in the youngest patches (0.26 -fold), although they had a similar leaf carbon content to controls. These results suggest that younger plants facing herbivory pressure reallocate their phenolic compounds towards primary metabolism. Results confirm the H. wrightii tolerance to herbivory damage and provides evidence of age -dependent compensatory responses, which may have consequences for seagrass colonization and growth in perturbed habitats.

关键词： Seagrass Halodule wrightii Ecosystem disturbance habitat loss and fragmentation Food webs Grazing Plant-herbivore interactions Ontogeny Phenolic compounds Gulf of California

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Effects of expansion of protected areas and habitat transformation on spatiotemporal variation in human-wildlife conflict

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CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2025年第2期39卷 e14393页

作者： Li, Yumei Zhang, Chao Gao, Huayao Lu, Ming Nie, Yonggang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China

Land-use changes and the expansion of protected areas (PAs) have fostered increased interactions between humans and wildlife, resulting in an escalation of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) globally. However, HWC spatiotemporal pattern variation and its associations with PAs and land-use change remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we mapped and analyzed HWCs from 1990 to 2022 across China. We comprehensively mapped the spatiotemporal dynamics of HWCs in ArcGIS with data sets stratified by county, year, and species;assessed the impact of PAs through propensity score matching;and analyzed the effects of habitat transformation with linear mixed models. As PA increased from 0 to 20,000 km(2), the likelihood of HWCs initially increased (50%) before declining (20%). Conversely, as the distance from a PA grew, the likelihood of HWC gradually decreased (0 beyond 65 km). There was a temporal lag between the establishment of a PA and the occurrence of HWC. habitat loss catalyzed HWCs, whereas decreased levels of habitat fragmentation sometimes initially caused a temporary increase in HWCs. In general, the distribution of PAs greatly affected HWC occurrence, and habitat loss and fragmentation were critical drivers of HWCs, both of which exhibited time-lagged effects. HWC has become more challenging to address as conservation initiatives have led to significant recovery of the habitats and populations of wild animals. Further measures to address the HWCs are needed to ensure the preservation of animal welfare while fostering the mutually beneficial coexistence of humans and animal species. Finally, our study provides an important starting point for informing future HWC research and conservation planning on a global scale.

关键词： habitat loss and fragmentation human-wildlife conflict protected area spatiotemporal pattern time delay

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