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Mechanical-Level hardware-In-The-loop and Simulation in Validation testing of Prototype Tower Crane Drives

ENERGIES 2020年第21期13卷 5727页

作者： Michna, Michal Kutt, Filip Sienkiewicz, Lukasz Ryndzionek, Roland Kostro, Grzegorz Karkosinski, Dariusz Grochowski, Bartlomiej Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Elect & Control Engn PL-80233 Gdansk Poland Krupinski Cranes PL-80259 Gdansk Poland

In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level hardware-In-the-loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction cranes is proposed and described. This research was aimed at designing and constructing a new type of tower crane by Krupinski Cranes Company. The described research stage was necessary for validation of the selection of the drive system elements and confirmation of its compliance with applicable standards. The mechanical construction of the crane was not completed and unavailable at the time of testing. A verification of drive system parameters had to be performed in MHIL laboratory testing, in which it would be possible to simulate torque acting on the motor shaft. It was shown that the HIL simulation for a crane may be accurate and an effective approach in the development phase. The experimental tests of selected operating cycles of prototype crane drives were carried out. Experimental research was performed in the LINTE(boolean AND)2 laboratory of the Gdansk University of Technology (Poland), where the MHIL simulator was developed. The most important component of the system was the dynamometer and its control system. Specialized software to control the dynamometer and to emulate the load subjected to the crane was developed. A series of tests related to electric motor environmental parameters was carried out.

关键词： hardware in the loop testing permanent magnet motor crane drive control system measurement

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Evaluation of HVDC system's impact and quantification of synchronous compensation for distance protection

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IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION 2022年第9期16卷 1925-1940页

作者： Liu, Di Hong, Qiteng Dysko, Adam Tzelepis, Dimitrios Yang, Guangya Booth, Campbell Cowan, Ian Ponnalagan, Bharath Univ Strathclyde Dept Elect & Elect Engn Level 4Technol & Innovat Ctr 99 George St Glasgow G1 1RD Lanark Scotland Tech Univ Denmark Dept Elect Engn Lyngby Denmark Natl HVDC Ctr Glasgow Lanark Scotland

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the HVDC system's impact on distance protection via systematic and realistic experimental tests, along with theoretical analysis of the root causes of the identified compromised protection performance. A methodology for quantifying the impact of Synchronous Compensation (SC) in supporting the distance protection operation is also established. In this work, the performance of two widely used physical distance protection relays have been evaluated using a realistic hardware'In'the'loop (HIL) testing environment, where a total of 480 cases have been tested under a wide range of system scenarios. Representative cases with compromised protection performance are selected, where issues of under/over'reach, faulted phase selection and impedance measurement are identified and analysed. Furthermore, a method for quantifying the required SC level to address the under/over'reach issues resulting from HVDC systems is presented. The method establishes the relationship between the angle difference of the two'end fault current infeeds of the protected line and the SC level. Based on this relationship, the required SC capacity to constrain the angle difference within a targeted limit can be estimated, which offers a useful tool for system operators to appropriately size the SC's capacity with additional valuable insights from the distance protection perspective.

关键词： fault current fault currents relay protection SC level synchronous compensation power transmission protection power transmission faults compromised protection performance HVDC power transmission power transmission lines HIL HVDC system comprehensive evaluation hardware-in-the-loop simulation hardware in the loop testing protected line distance protection relays faulted phase selection

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MPPT Algorithm Based on Artificial Bee Colony for PV System

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 43121-43133页

作者： Gonzalez-Castano, Catalina Restrepo, Carlos Kouro, Samir Rodriguez, Jose Univ Andres Bello Dept Engn Sci Santiago 7500971 Chile Univ Talca Dept Electromech & Energy Convers Curico 3349001 Chile Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria Dept Elect Engn Valparaiso 2390123 Chile

Energy structures from non-conventional energy source has become highly demanded nowadays. In this way, the maximum power extraction from photovoltaic (PV) systems has attracted the attention, therefore an optimization technique is necessary to improve the performance of solar systems. This article proposes the use of ABC (artificial bee colony) algorithm for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a PV system using a DC-DC converter. The procedure of the ABC MPPT algorithm is using data values from PV module, the P-V characteristic is identified and the optimal voltage is selected. Then, the MPPT strategy is applied to obtain the voltage reference for the outer PI control loop, which in turn provides the current reference to the predictive digital current programmed control. A real-time and high-speed simulator (PLECS RT Box 1) and a digital signal controller (DSC) are used to implement the hardware-in-the-loop system to obtain the results. The general system does not have a high computational cost and can be implemented in a commercial low-cost DSC (TI 28069M). The proposed MPPT strategy is compared to the conventional perturb and observe method, results show the proposed method archives a much superior performance.

关键词： Maximum power point trackers Noise measurement Heuristic algorithms Artificial bee colony algorithm Voltage control Prediction algorithms Optimization Maximum power point tracking photovoltaic system artificial bee colony hardware in the loop testing

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Design and Experimental Implementation of a Robust H ∞ Control for LCL Grid-connected Converter ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第13期58卷 356-361页

作者： Veeranna Kuruva Vinu Thomas Amir H. Abolmasoumi Hoang-Trung Ngo Bogdan Marinescu École Centrale de Nantes LS2N UMR CNRS 6004 Nantes France

Higher penetration of renewable energy into the electrical grids using grid-connected converters requires robust control schemes to ensure the stable behavior of these converters during disturbances on the grid side. This paper proposes a robust H ∞ control scheme reinforced by the D-stability technique using linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for a three-phase two-level grid-connected converter with LCL filter. The design performance is validated both by simulations and experimental tests. The results indicate that the H ∞ control provides better response during disturbances in the grid such as variations in the grid voltage and short-circuit faults when compared to that of the conventional vector control scheme. An experimental validation is carried out by implementing the control scheme on an OPAL-RT-based realtime system to control the power injection of a grid-connected converter hardware setup. The experimental results match the simulation results and show the efficient performance of the proposed control scheme in providing the desired active/reactive power.

关键词： H ∞ synthesis Integration of renewable energy hardware in the loop testing power systems with high penetration of power electronics

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Framework to Test DC-DC Converters Developed for a Decentralized Battery Management System 26

Framework to Test DC-DC Converters Developed for a Decentral...

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International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE)

作者： Reindl, Andrea Singer, Thomas Meier, Hans Niemetz, Michael Park, Sangyoung OTH Regensburg Fac Elect Engn & Informat Technol Regensburg Germany Tech Univ Berlin Smart Mobil Syst Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788026109730

DC-DC converters control the power flow and thus the power distribution between the components on different voltage levels. They are essential for (dis)charging batteries and influence the safety and stability of the entire battery management system (BMS). Therefore, testing the functionality and the reliability of DC-DC converters is crucial. This is especially true for decentralized battery management systems (DBMS), where multiple nodes communicate to collectively control the system. The used DC-DC converters are modified to parameterize them during operation via microcontroller interfaces. Integrating the communication into the control loop requires an analysis of the control behavior due to additional delays. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework to test DC-DC converters considering the control and communication perspectives. The response time, the control accuracy and stability of these DC-DC converters, e.g., under continuous and abrupt load changes, are measured in automated tests. The dedicated software framework simulates the DBMS and stimulates the hardware components (e.g. electronic loads, data acquisition) via respective interfaces (CAN, RS232). This allows the test of various DC-DC converters with flexibly adaptable load and power generation profiles. An initial application validates the test framework by verifying the aforementioned aspects and thus the applicability of a DC-DC converter within the DBMS.

关键词： Battery management system decentralized control DC-DC converter system testing Python hardware in the loop testing object oriented programming

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Design and HIL-based verification of the fuel control unit for a gas turbine engine

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2020年第8期234卷 1460-1470页

作者： Salehi, Amin Montazeri-Gh, Morteza Iran Univ Sci & Technol Mech Engn Dept Tehran Iran

The correct operation of a gas turbine engine depends on the accurate and stable performance of fuel control system and its components such as fuel control unit. Fuel control unit is an electro-hydraulic actuator of fuel control system whose function is to supply, regulate and send the fuel to the engine according to the electronic control unit command. In this paper, a new fuel control unit has been developed based on the load sensing concept for a turboshaft gas turbine engine. In the designed fuel control unit, the fuel flow rate is controlled by adjusting the fuel pressure. A NARX model and ANFIS controller is employed to design the pressure controller. A hardware in the loop framework, comprising of hydraulic circuit, sensors, data acquisition card and computers, is developed to evaluate the performance of the fuel control unit alongside the real-time simulation of other component such as engine and electronic control unit. Moreover, the consumed power by the fuel control unit is evaluated and a considerable improvement is indicated compared to typical fuel control units.

关键词： Turboshaft engine fuel control unit NARX modeling hardware in the loop testing

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Analysis of FOWT dynamics in 2-DOF hybrid HIL wind tunnel experiments

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2020年第0期195卷 106717-000页

作者： Bayati, I. Facchinetti, A. Fontanella, A. Taruffi, F. Belloli, M. Politecn Milan Dept Mech Engn Via La Masa 1 I-20156 Milan Italy Maritime Res Inst Netherlands MARIN Wageningen Netherlands

This paper presents the main results of experimental hybrid/HIL wind tunnel tests of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine coupled with the DeepCwind semi-submersible floating platform. Experiments in still water and in irregular waves without wind are compared to corresponding FAST simulations in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed HIL methodology and to highlight the main sources of uncertainty. Tests are repeated under three wind conditions, corresponding to different wind turbine operating points, to evaluate the effect of the aerodynamic force field on the overall system response. Experimental results are compared to the output of FAST simulations to investigate its prediction capability with respect to the influence of unsteady aerodynamic loads on the FOWT dynamics.

关键词： Floating offshore wind turbine Wind tunnel testing hardware in the loop testing Hybrid testing Model validation Hydrodynamics

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Discussion of solutions for basin model tests of FOWTs in combined waves and wind

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2020年 209卷 107288-107288页

作者： Gueydon, S. Bayati, I de Ridder, E. J. Maritime Res Inst Netherlands MARIN Haagsteg 2 NL-6708 PM Wageningen Netherlands

Model testing of offshore floating wind turbines (FOWTs) needs to account for the hydrodynamics of the floater at the same time as the aerodynamics of the rotor, and their interactions. Testers have followed two distinct paths to solve the challenge of modelling these two dissimilar physical phenomena. One path has consisted of building physical models at basin scale that resembled the actual FOWT: a "full approach". With this approach, every component of the model test needs to comply with Froude scaling laws: wind generators have been improved, dedicated scaled turbines designed and a method known as performance scaling developed. The second path consisted of mimicking the most relevant components of the wind turbine loads and applying them to the floater (at the wind turbine tower top): a "simplified approach". With this approach, a specific experimental set-up is designed to transfer the wind turbine loads, which, in the case of hybrid testing are calculated by an aerodynamic simulation code. This article reviews the state of the art of testing FOWTs in basins, with a focus on the most complete examples of each testing approach. Limitations, similarities, differences and complementarities between the approaches are described and discussed. To continue improving testing techniques, there is an acute need for more comparisons between different testing approaches and validation against full-scale measurement campaigns.

关键词： Floating offshore wind turbine Wind tunnel testing hardware in the loop testing Hybrid testing Model validation Hydrodynamics

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Scintillation Simulator Test Results hardware-In-The-loop Emulation of Ionospheric Scintillation 33

Scintillation Simulator Test Results Hardware-In-The-Loop Em...

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33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM)

作者： Sward, William S. Swanson, Taylor Williams, Mckay Welkin Sci LLC Colorado Springs CO 80903 USA US Air Force Acad Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479967704

Ionospheric scintillation induces distortion onto RF communication and radar signals that propagate through the ionospheric medium. Unless properly accounted for, this scintillation may greatly impact the performance of military and commercial satellite signals. Accurate verification of satellite systems and associated ground equipment is achievable through the use of hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) scintillation simulators. Test results of a scintillation simulator are presented and compared with theoretical performance of Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m fading.

关键词： scintillation fading satellite communications radar hardware in the loop testing simulator ionosphere MASS

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