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8th Southern Power Electronics Conference and the 17th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, SPEC / COBEP 2023

作者： Peña, José Carlos U. Dias, Mateus Pinheiro Damasceno, Debora Pereira Ota, João I. Y. Pomilio, José Antenor School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321128

This works presents a control strategy for a dc microgrid intended to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes with smooth transitions between them. The dc microgrid is composed of photovoltaic (PV) generation, fast Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVSE), low voltage dc loads, and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). All converters are connected into a single 700 V dc bus that interfaces with the ac grid through a 3-φ bi-directional ac-dc converter. Moreover, the microgrid operates under the Net Zero Energy (NZE). The proposed strategy comprises primary and secondary control levels. Primary level corresponds to the control of ac-dc and BESS converters considering parallel operation while secondary level to the control of the power exported to grid to achieve NZE operation. The system is validated through hardware-in-the-loop simulation in the Typhoon HIL 604 platform with the control strategy implemented in a DSP. Real-time simulation results are presented for several operation conditions during normal operation and the transition between the operation modes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Dc microgrids dc-dc converters hardware in-the-loop Net-Zero-Energy buildings

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The Optimal Control of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-Duty Motorcycle with Three Power Sources Using hardware-in-the-loop Simulation

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ENERGIES 2020年第1期13卷 22-22页

作者： Wu, Chien-Hsun Xu, Yong-Xiang Natl Formosa Univ Dept Vehicle Engn Huwei Township 63201 Yunlin Taiwan

This study presents a simulation platform for a hybrid electric motorcycle with an engine, a driving motor, and an integrated starter generator (ISG) as three power sources. This platform also consists of the driving cycle, driver, lithium-ion battery, continuously variable transmission (CVT), motorcycle dynamics, and energy management system models. Two Arduino DUE microcontrollers integrated with the required circuit to process analog-to-digital signal conversion for input and output are utilized to carry out a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. A driving cycle called worldwide motorcycle test cycle (WMTC) is used for evaluating the performance characteristics and response relationship among subsystems. Control strategies called rule-based control (RBC) and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) are simulated and compared with the purely engine-driven operation. The results show that the improvement percentages for equivalent fuel consumption and energy consumption for RBC and ECMS using the pure software simulation were 17.74%/18.50% and 42.77%/44.22% respectively, while those with HIL were 18.16%/18.82% and 42.73%/44.10%, respectively.

关键词： heavy-duty motorcycle simulation platform energy management system equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) hardware in-the-loop signal processing

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Modeling and HIL Real-Time Simulation of a Series Hybrid Vehicle with Regenerative Breaking for Energy Management Algorithm Testing

Modeling and HIL Real-Time Simulation of a Series Hybrid Veh...

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Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

作者： Moreira, William K. Huynh, Alvin Univ Fed Santa Maria Power Elect & Control Res Grp GEPOC Santa Maria RS Brazil Ontario Tech Univ Elect Comp & Software Engn Oshawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317671;9798350317664

The objective of this paper is to present the design of a real-time hardware in-the-loop (HIL) platform for testing different models of internal combustion engine (ICE), electric machines, energy management algorithms (EMAs) and power converter topologies in a series hybrid vehicle configuration with regenerative breaking and optimal fuel consumption. The article presents the modeling of the ICE and the electrical components, as well as the design of the controllers for each element of the powertrain. The engine model is composed by table data combined with lowpass filters to provide dynamic behavior. The proposed system is composed by two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs), one ICE and one battery pack. The electric machines are modeled in synchronous reference frame, and classical controllers are implemented for controlling the electric currents, DC bus voltage and the traction motor speed. The battery is modeled utilizing coulomb counting for SOC estimation and a Thevenin based battery model. The HIL platform is composed by and OPAL-RT OP 4510 and a Texas Instruments TMS32028379D.

关键词： Hybrid vehicles Real-Time hardware in-the-loop regenerative breaking

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Transient Stability Analysis of Grid Forming Converter with Current Limitation by Extended P-δ Curve

Transient Stability Analysis of Grid Forming Converter with ...

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International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) - Driving the Advances for Future Electrification

作者： Mitsugi, Yasuaki Baba, Jumpei Ambo, Tatsuaki Kawakami, Noriko Inzunza, Ruben Univ Tokyo Tokyo Japan TMEIC Corp Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386509;9798350386493

The power system with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is exposed to the challenges, and the grid forming inverter is expected to solve the issues such as increase of frequency fluctuation, rise of rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), and reduction of short circuit current capacity. Since the GFM has a nature as a voltage source, its transient stability should be maintained against the severe grid faults, as well as the synchronous generator (SG). However, the GFM has two aspects critically different from the SG, bi-directional operational range (power injection and absorption) and the current limitation. Considering these aspects, this paper suggests the general principles on transient stability analysis of the GFM by the P-delta curve and shows the operational constraints of the GFM. In addition, the method enabling the transient stability enhancement (TSE) of the GFM is proposed and its feasibility is validated by the controller hardware in-the-loop (CHIL) experiments.

关键词： Current limitation droop control grid forming inverter hardware in-the-loop transient stability virtual synchronous generator

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Feedback Linearization Control of a Grid-Connected Two-Stage Single-Phase Inverter 8

Feedback Linearization Control of a Grid-Connected Two-Stage...

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8th Southern Power Electronics Conference and the 17th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, SPEC / COBEP 2023

作者： Yamaguti, Nelson N. N. Pagano, Daniel J. Da Silva, Carlos E. Miranda Federal University of Santa Catarina Dept. of Automation and Systems Florianópolis Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321128

This paper discusses the control of a two-stage single-phase DC-AC inverter connected to both the grid and a battery. The main objective is to reduce the current ripple in the battery. The first stage is formed by a interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter, while the second involves a single-phase full-bridge inverter. The Feedback Linearization Control (FLC) technique is proposed to control battery current ripple and compared to conventional PI control. The inverter is controlled by a Resonant Controller, with current reference generated by a single-phase Phase-Locked-loop (PLL). The realtime validation using hardware in-the-loop (HIL) demonstrates the superior effectiveness of the FLC technique in mitigating battery current ripple. This study contributes to enhancing the performance of grid-connected energy storage systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cascade Feed-back Linearization Control hardware in-the-loop Phase Locked loop Proportional and Resonant control Two-Stage Single-Phase Inverter

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Radio hardware in-the-loop Emulation for Testing Vehicular Communication Systems

Radio Hardware In-the-Loop Emulation for Testing Vehicular C...

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5th IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications (WiVeC)

作者： Franchi, Norman Fischer, Georg Weigel, Robert Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Inst Elect Engn D-91054 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363396

In this work, a novel test concept Radio hardware in-the-loop (RadioHIL) for next generation automotive electronic control units (ECUs) with wireless interfaces is proposed. The resulting test environment is well suited for ECUs networking with wireless sensors, actuators, mobile terminals or even with other vehicles and infrastructure elements. The presented RadioHIL approach is based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture. The first step for executing the RadioHIL concept is the implementation of a multi-standard waveform design for automotive relevant purposes. Therefore the model-based implementations of two compliant IEEE 802.11b and 802.11p SDR transmitters are outlined, which are of interest for vehicular wireless communication. The emulation concept is demonstrated on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) SDR platform.

关键词： Software Defined Radio Vehicular Wireless Communication Wireless Automotive Sensor Networks hardware in-the-loop IEEE 802.11p IEEE 802.11b USRP RadioHIL

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Developing a hardware in-the-loop simulator for a backpack energy harvester (vol 23, pg 827, 2012)

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES 2012年第18期23卷 2129-2129页

作者： Papatheou, Evangelos Sims, Neil D. Dynamics Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sheffield UK

Energy harvesting from ambient sources has been the subject of several studies. Some of the proposed approaches attempt to generate electrical energy from the human movement. However, many of them can be uncomfortable or they impose a significant burden on the person’s gait. In the current article, the design of a hardware in-the-loop simulator for an energy-harvesting backpack is presented. The idea is based on the energy produced by a suspended load that moves vertically on a backpack while a person walks. The energy created from such a linear system can be maximised when it resonates with the walking frequency of the person. However, such a configuration can also cause great forces to be applied on the back of the user. The system that is proposed here consists of a mass attached on a rucksack, which is controlled by a motor in order to simulate the suspended-load backpack. The advantage of this setup is the ability to test different settings, regarding the spring stiffness or the damping coefficient, of the backpack harvester, and study their effect on the energy-harvesting potential, as well as on the human gait. The present contribution describes the design, analysis and preliminary testing of the hardware in-the-loop backpack system.

关键词： energy harvesting suspended-load backpack hardware in-the-loop simulator

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Model predictive control of steering torque in shared driving of autonomous vehicles

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SCIENCE PROGRESS 2020年第3期103卷 36850420950138-36850420950138页

作者： Bao, Chunjiang Feng, Jiwei Wu, Jian Liu, Shifu Xu, Guangfei Xu, Haizhu Liaocheng Univ Sch Mech & Automot Engn Liaocheng Shandong Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Mech Engn Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China Dezhou Vocat & Tech Coll Dept Automot Engn Dezhou Shandong Peoples R China Shandong Univ Technol Coll Agr Engn & Food Sci Zibo Shandong Peoples R China

The current path tracking control method is usually based on the steering wheel angle loop, which often makes the driver lose control of the automatic driving control loop. In order to involve the driver in the automatic driving control loop, and to solve the vehicle path tracking control problem with system robustness and model uncertainty, this paper puts forward a steering torque control method based on model predictive control algorithm. Based on the vehicle model, this method introduces the steering system model and the steering resistance torque model, and calculates the optimal control torque of the vehicle through the real-time vehicle status, so as to make up for the model mismatch, interference and other uncertainties, and ensure the real-time participation of the driver in the automatic driving control loop. To combine the nonlinear vehicle dynamics model with the steering column model, and to take the vehicle state parameters as the feedback variables of the model predictive controller model, then input the solution of the steering superposition control rate into the vehicle model, the design of the steering controller is realized. Finally, to carry out the simulation of lane keeping based on CarSim software and Simulink control model, and the hardware in-the-loop test on the hardware in-the-loop experimental platform of CarSim/LabVIEW-RT. The simulation and test results indicate that the designed torque loop path tracking control method based on model predictive control can help the driver track the target path better.

关键词： Model predictive control driverless torque loop vehicle dynamics hardware in-the-loop

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Tank testing of an inherently phase-controlled wave energy converter

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARINE ENERGY 2016年 15卷 68-84页

作者： Todalshaug, Jorgen Hals Asgeirsson, Gunnar Steinn Hjalmarsson, Eysteinn Maillet, Jeromine Moller, Patrik Pires, Pedro Guerinel, Matthieu Lopes, Miguel NTNU Trondheim Norway CorPower Ocean Stockholm Sweden WavEC Lisbon Portugal

Results from laboratory experiments on a pre-tensioned heaving buoy of 8.4 m diameter, tested at scale 1:16 is presented. The wave energy converter, which is under development by the Swedish company CorPower Ocean, is designed with a passive pneumatic machinery component referred to as WaveSpring, invented at NTNU. The negative spring arrangement inherently provides phase control. The power take off system and the effect of the phase-enhancement component was represented by a motor rig run with a force-feedback controller. Responses with and without the WaveSpring unit were measured in order to compare performance in terms of motions, loads and power absorption. The experiments included decay tests, radiation tests, irregular wave tests with the system in normal operation, as well as extreme wave tests with the system in survival mode. The power was extracted through a linear damping force, where the damping coefficients were set close to their theoretical optimum for the heave mode. The results show that with the WaveSpring component, the system is able to absorb three times more power in realistic sea conditions than without it. This is achieved without increasing the damping force, thus giving a three times higher ratio of absorbed energy to PTO force. The maximum mooring line tension in storm conditions is found to be less than 2.5 times the pretension force. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： PTO force simulator hardware in-the-loop Pre-tensioned buoy Resonance Response bandwidth Normal operation Survival mode Phase control Point absorber

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Investigation of real-time adaptive energy management strategy for a series-parallel hybrid electric bus

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES 2016年第3期8卷 195-212页

作者： Lin, Xinyou Zhai, Liuqing Lin, Haibo Fuzhou Univ Fujian Prov Collaborat Innovat Ctr High End Equip Coll Mech Engn & Automat Fuzhou 350000 Peoples R China

To improve fuel economy of a novel series-parallel hybrid electric bus (SPHEB) further, the control rule of battery power distribution is derived from the offline optimisation algorithm based on Pontryagin's minimum principle, internal relationship between the equivalence fuel factor. and trend of state of charge (SOC) with different driving condition is established and calculation model of SOC is formed. On the basis of the above, according to the feature of the city bus driving cycle, the algorithm of adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control (AFSMC) is introduced to periodically update the equivalence fuel factor, and then the power-balancing adaptive control strategy is developed. To validate the proposed strategy rationality, the hardware in-the-loop integrated with bench test is applied to compare the proposed control strategy with the previous optimal control strategy. The results indicate that the efficiency of SPHEB system is improved by the proposed control strategy.

关键词： city bus hybrid electric powertrain fuel economy energy management battery power distribution adaptive control algorithm Pontryagin's minimum principle the equivalence fuel factor fuzzy sliding-mode control hardware in-the-loop PBACS power-balancing adaptive control strategy

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